Assignment 1: Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility

Jamie is a 3-month-old female who presents with her mother for evaluation of “throwing up.” Mom reports that Jamie has been throwing up pretty much all the time since she was born. Jamie does not seem to be sick. In fact, she drinks her formula vigorously and often acts hungry. Jamie has normal soft brown bowel movements every day and, overall, seems like a happy and contented baby. She smiles readily and does not cry often. Other than the fact that she often throws up after drinking a bottle, she seems to be a very healthy, happy infant. A more precise history suggests that Jamie does not exactly throw up—she does not heave or act unwell—but rather it just seems that almost every time she drinks a bottle she regurgitates a milky substance. Mom thought that she might be allergic to her formula and switched her to a hypoallergenic formula. It didn’t appear to help at all, and now Mom is very concerned.

Cases like these are not uncommon. The mother was concerned and thinking her daughter may have an allergy; she changed to a different formula. However, sometimes babies have immature GI tracts that can lead to physiology reflux as they adapt to normal life outside the uterus. Parents often do not consider this possibility, prompting them to change formulas rather than seeking medical care. As in the case study above, GI alterations can often be difficult to identify because many cause similar symptoms. This same issue also arises with adults—adults may present with symptoms that have various potential causes. When evaluating patients, it is important for the advanced practice nurse to know the types of questions he or she needs to ask to obtain the appropriate information for diagnosis. For this reason, you must have an understanding of common GI disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis.

To Prepare

· Review this week’s media presentation on the gastrointestinal system.

· Review Chapter 35 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production.

· Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text. Consider the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastritis. Think about how these disorders are similar and different.

· Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on this factor.

· Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for gastritis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of gastritis.

To Complete

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

· Describe the normal pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production. Explain the changes that occur to gastric acid stimulation and production with GERD, PUD, and gastritis disorders.

· Explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of GERD, PUD, and gastritis. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.

· Construct a mind map for gastritis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.

Assignment 2: The Pathophysiology of Disorders

During the last 5 weeks, you have explored various body systems: neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematological. These four systems work together along with other body systems to complete a myriad of functions. For this reason, when disorders occur within one body system, it can create potentially devastating effects throughout the entire body. For instance, Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, yet its alterations actually affect multiple body systems from the cardiovascular system to the gastrointestinal system. In this Assignment, you examine alterations associated with disorders, as well as the impact of the alterations on multiple body systems.

To Prepare

· From the list below, select a disorder of interest to you:

o Alzheimer’s disease

o Asthma in children

o Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

o Congestive heart failure

o Hepatic disease (liver disease)

o Hypertension

o Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

o Seizures

o Sepsis

· Identify alterations associated with your selected disorder. Consider the pathophysiology of the alterations. Think about how these alterations produce pathophysiological changes in at least two body systems.

· Reflect on how patient factors such as genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder. 

· Review the “Mind maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of your selected disorder.

To Complete

Develop a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation that addresses the following:

· Describe your selected disorder, as well as associated alterations. Explain the pathophysiology of the alterations, including changes that occur in at least two body systems.

· Explain how genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, and behavior might impact the pathophysiology of the alterations you identified, as well as diagnosis and treatment of your selected disorder.

· Construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology of alterations, risk factors, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.

Use resources below

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

• Chapter 35, “Structure and      Function of the Digestive System”

This chapter provides information relating to the structure and function of the digestive system. It covers the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion.

• Chapter 36, “Alterations of      Digestive Function”

This chapter presents information relating to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs of digestion. It also covers the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

• Chapter 37, “Alterations of      Digestive Function in Children”

This chapter presents information relating to disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and liver that affect children. It focuses on congenital impairment, inflammatory disorders, metabolic disorders, as well as the impairment of digestion, absorption, and nutrition.

Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

• Chapter 13,      “Gastrointestinal Disease”

This chapter provides a foundation for exploring gastrointestinal disorders by reviewing the structure and function of the GI tract. It also describes mechanisms of regulation of GI tract disorders such as acid-peptic disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome.

• Chapter 14, “Liver Disease”

This chapter reviews the structure and function of the liver. It then explores the clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, and clinical manifestations of three liver disorders: acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

• Chapter 15, “Disorders of      the Exocrine Pancreas”

This chapter begins by reviewing the anatomy, histology, and physiology of the exocrine pancreas. It then examines the clinical presentation, etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, and pancreatic cancer.

• de Bortoli, N., Martinucci, I., Bellini, M.,      Savarino, E., Savarino, V., Blandizzi, C., & Marchi, S. (2013).      Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with      irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology,      19(35), 5787-5797. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i35.5787

 

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Provide a 150 word answer to the following discussion question in apa format with in-text citations and references. Title page is not needed.

Question: When reviewing the literature and different types of evidence, there are often gaps in the findings. Are such gaps a help or a hindrance when wanting to create a change?

 

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Provide a 3-4 sentence response to discussion question answer provided below in apa format with in-text citations. Title page is not needed

Answer: Identifying gaps during literature review or other types of evidence is an integral step in a systematic review. Gaps in research findings can be related to insufficient or vague information, biased information, inconsistent results, unknown consistency with the results, or not providing the right information. Research gaps can limit the ability for key stakeholders to make decisions and implement evidence-based practice changes (Robinson, 2013).

Even though research may present with gaps, do these gaps help or hinder when attempting to create change in an organization? The answer could be both. In one instance, it could hinder the process if the existing evidence does not answer the question or there are significant deficiencies with the information which limits the ability to create a solution to a practice problem. On the other hand, research gaps can be further developed and provide a springboard for stakeholders to look into other areas of research or evidence (Robinson, 2013).

Original Question: When reviewing the literature and different types of evidence, there are often gaps in the findings. Are such gaps a help or a hindrance when wanting to create a change?

 

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For this Gantt Chart assignment, you are to select 10 project activities/milestones of project planning and/orimplementation (project activities/milestones can be taken from either text and article readings). Note this assignment as written provides you a very wide range/window of options to chose from.

Create a Gantt Chart to identify these project activities/milestones in the order and duration that they would take place. In the two optional Gantt Charts in excel provided for you, you can plug in the activity and duration.

The activity must have unique dates entered on the gantt chart for your theoretical project.

The dates entered into the templates attached cannot be used for this project. You must create your own project with unique start and end dates.

The point of this assignment is to better understand how Gantt Charts work and how they are helpful to a PM.

In order to fulfill this assignment, you will need to submit to me the following:

• Gantt Chart with these 10 project activities/milestones outlined with an explanation as to why you selected the duration for each element in 2-3 sentences. This is required for full credit. (the sentences can be in a separate submission as a word document or documented as a different tab in the Gantt chart submission).

Note this can be in Excel or PDF if this is created from a software other than Excel as long as you send me information on what type of software you used.

Note: there are many references on Gantt Charting. Here are a few options: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_03.htm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.http://www.excel-easy.com/examples/gantt-chart.html (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

• All submissions must contain your name in the title and indicate that this is to fulfill Class 3 Excel Gantt Assignment.
• Rubric : Each project activities/milestones outlined per instruction is worth 10 points each. Please be sure your Excel has a title and your name on the submission

 

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