1.K. Billingsworth & Co. had earnings per share of $4 last year, and it paid a $2 dividend. Total retained earnings increased by $12 million during the year, while book value per share at year-end wa
1. It has been argued that the minimum wage prevents workers from investing in on-the-job training and discourages employers from providing specific training to low-income workers. Why would the minimum wage have an adverse impact on human capital accumulation for low-income workers?
2. Jill is planning the timing of her on-the-job training investments over the life cycle. What happens to Jill's OJT investments at every age if:
a. The market-determined rental rate to an efficiency unit falls?
b. Jill's rate of discount increases?
c. The government passes legislation delaying a mandatory retirement age until age 70?
d. Technological progress implies that much of the OJT acquired at any given age becomes obsolete within the next 10 or 20 years?
1. It has been said, ‘‘Total quality control is superior to 100% inspection because inspection, like any other process, has its own defect rate. Some substandard product, therefore, is always likely to slip through.’’ Do you agree or disagree? Discuss.
2. The pulse-echo ultrasonic technique can be used to determine the thickness of a part or structure. By accurately measuring the time it takes for a short ultrasonic pulse to travel through the thickness of a material, reflect from the back or inside surface, and return to the transducer, the distance can be calculated by
Where
d = thickness of the test piece
V = speed of sound in the material being tested
t = measured round-trip time
What are some alternative means of measuring thickness? Briefly discuss their relative pros and cons. Consider such features as geometric and material constraints, and the ability to measure from one side only.
1. Marketing Analysis
a) The marketing mix is a planned mix of the controllable elements of a product/business unit’s marketing plan, commonly termed the 4Ps. Describe the series of decisions made with regard to each of the elements of the marketing mix.
1 It appears that animals may be able to predict earthquakes. 2 Prior to a major quake in China, hundreds of snakes suddenly appeared from hibernation and froze to death in the snow, 3 fish were seen leaping from rivers and lakes, and 4 cows and horses refused to enter barns. Also, 5 prior to a quake in Fremont, California, a flood of callers reported strange behavior from their pets and domestic animals.
1. Many companies announce in their corporate communications: ‘Our people are our greatest resource.’ In terms of the criteria listed inFigure 3.5(from textbook), can employees be considered of the utmost strategic importance?
2. The company ‘Apple’ has been highly successful in dominating the market for touch-screen tablet computers with its iPad product. Can Apple sustain its leadership in this market? If so, how?
Attachments:
Foundations-o….pdf
1. Is the logical formula given in the text 
?
2. Could one of the “algorithm machines” with full parallelism be used to solve an NP-complete problem in polynomial time, if P ¢ NP? Explain your answer.
3. How does the problem “compute the exact value of 2N” fit into the P—NP classification scheme?
1. Many efforts are underway to build and deploy intelligent transport systems using modern information technologies to improve existing networks and services. Investigate some of the current proposals and apply the four who’s to the proposal.
2. Pollution and pollution control are examples of a whole class of sociotechnical systems where disjunctions in the four who’s are common. Discuss how governmental regulatory efforts, both through mandated standards and pollution license auctions, attempt to reconcile the four who’s. To what extent have they been successful? How did you judge success?
1. Is there an immediate polynomial-time reduction from the traveling-salesman problem on graphs to the Euclidean traveling-salesman problem, or vice versa?
2. What would be the significance of a program that could solve the traveling salesman problem in time proportional to 1.1N?
1. Manufacturing systems are complex systems that need to be architected. If the manufacturing line is software intensive, and repeated software upgrades are planned, how can certification of software changes be managed?
2. The feedback lags or resonances of a manufacturing system of a commercial product interact with the dynamics of market demand. Give examples of problems arising from this interaction and possible methods for alleviating them.
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