Given an Elgamel encryption scheme with public parameters kpub = (p, a, B) and an unknown private key kpr = d. Due to an erroneous implementation of the random number generator of the encrypting party, the following relation holds for two temporary keys:

kM,j+1 = k2M,j mod p.

Given n consecutive ciphertexts

(kE1, y1), (kE2, y2),…,(KEn, yn)

to the plaintexts

x1,x2,…,xn.

Furthermore, the first plaintext x1 is known (e.g., header information).

1. Describe how an attacker can compute the plaintexts x1, x2, …,xn from the given quantities.
2. Can an attacker compute the private key d from the given information? Give reasons for your answer.

 

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Given an argument, determine the following: is it deductive or inductive. If deductive whether valid or invalid, and if inductive whether strong or weak. Then briefly explain your answer.

Jones will run for office or Smith won’t be appointed to the council. But, if Jones runs for office, he’ll need a good bit of money to campaign. So, if Smith is appointed to the council, then Jones will need a good bit of money to campaign.

 

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 Given ΔABE is an isosceles triangle with ∠ABE = 100° and ΔMNP is an isosceles triangle with one base angle measuring 40°. Are the two triangles, ΔABE and ΔMNP similar? If so, by what criterion?

 

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Hello, if you could please explain how to solve these problems.

Thank you for any help you might be able to provide.

1.Given below are account balances for Charlie Company:

Gross sales, $92,000

Sales returns and allowances, $5,000

Selling expenses, $12,000

Cost of goods sold, $48,000

Interest expense, $3,000

How much is the gross profit margin? (enter your percentage as a decimal rounded to two decimal places. Example – enter 46% as .46)

2.Alpha Company provided the following data concerning its income statement: sales, $990,000; purchases, $401,000; beginning inventory, $275,000; ending inventory, $287,000; operating expenses, $108,000; freight-in, $5,000; sales discounts, $21,000; purchases discounts, $15,000; sales returns & allowances, $113,000; and purchases returns & allowances, $38,000. The data provides the basis for preparation of an income statement. How much is net income?

3.Annapolis Company’s bank statement indicated an ending cash balance of $9,940. Alpha’s accountant discovered that outstanding checks amounted to $515 and deposits in transit were $1,080. Additionally, the bank statement showed service charges of $25. What is the correct adjusted ending cash balance?

4.Baltimore Company uses aging to estimate uncollectibles.  At the end of the fiscal year, December 31, 2018, Accounts Receivable has a balance that consists of:

Dollar Value

Age of Account

Estimated Collectible

$100,000

< 30 days old

99%

80,000

30 to 60 days old

90%

20,000

61 to 120 days old

72%

10,000

> 120 days old

12%

The current unadjusted Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts balance is a debit balance of $2,000 and the Bad Debt Expense accounts has an unadjusted balance of zero. After the adjusting entry is made, what will be the dollar balances in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts? Round to nearest whole dollar.

Thank you!!!!

 

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The notation ##H^-1## means the inverse function. The equation of the inverse function can be found by switching the ##x## and ##y## values inside the function.

##y = x^2 + 8##

##x = y^2 + 8##

##x – 8 = y^2##

##y = +-sqrt(x – 8)##

Hence, ##H^-1(x) = +-sqrt(x- 8)##.

Hopefully this helps!

 

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