Diabetes Disorders Of The Reproductive System

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Discussion1: Diabetes

According to the American Diabetes Association (2011), 25.8 million children and adults have been diagnosed with diabetes in the United States. Approximately 2 million more are diagnosed every year, with another 79 million people considered to be in a pre-diabetes state. These millions of people are at risk of several alterations, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, neuropathy, and blindness. Since diabetes has a major impact on the health of millions of people around the world, it is essential for nurses to understand the pathophysiology and associated alterations of this disorder. In this Discussion, you compare two types of diabetes—diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

To Prepare

· Review Chapter 19 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 18 in the Hammer and McPhee text. Identify the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Consider the similarities and differences between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation.

· Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these two types of diabetes.

·  

Post an explanation of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. Describe the differences and similarities between resulting alterations of hormonal regulation. Then explain how the factors you selected might impact the diagnosis and prescription of treatment for these two types of diabetes.

Discussion 2 : Disorders of the Reproductive Systems

While the male and female reproductive systems are unique to each sex, they share a common function—reproduction. Disorders of this system range from delayed development to structural and functional abnormalities. Since many reproductive disorders not only result in physiological consequences but also psychological consequences such as embarrassment, guilt, or profound disappointment, patients are often hesitant to seek treatment. Advanced practice nurses need to educate patients on disorders and help relieve associated stigmas. During patient evaluations, patients must feel comfortable answering questions so that you, as a key health care provider, will be able to diagnose and recommend treatment options. As you begin this Discussion, consider reproductive disorders that you would commonly see in the clinical setting.

To Prepare

· Review Chapter 22 and Chapter 23 in the Hammer and McPhee text, as well as Chapter 33 and 34 in the Huether and McCance text.

· Select two disorders of the male and/or female reproductive systems that interest you. Consider the similarities and differences between the disorders.

· Select one of the following factors: genetics, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the diagnosis of and treatment for the reproductive disorders. 

Post a description of the two reproductive disorders you selected, including their similarities and differences. Then explain how the factor you selected might impact the diagnosis of treatment for the reproductive disorders. 

Use Resource below

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

  • Chapter 32, “Structure and      Function of the Reproductive Systems”

This chapter establishes a foundation for examining alterations of reproductive systems by examining the female and male reproductive systems. It covers the development of both reproductive systems and effects of aging on the systems.

  • Chapter 33, “Alterations of      the Female Reproductive System

This chapter covers alterations of the female reproductive systems. It also explores the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections.

  • Chapter 34, “Alterations of      the Male Reproductive System”

This chapter covers alterations of the male reproductive systems. It also explores the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections.

Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

  • Chapter 22, “Disorders of      the Female Reproductive Tract”

This chapter reviews the normal structure and function of the female reproductive tract. It then examines disorders specific to the female reproductive tract such as menstrual disorders and infertility.

 
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Diabetes Case Study

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Chief Complaint“My left foot feels weak and numb. I have a hard time pointing my toes up.”History of Present IllnessD.T. is 42-year-old Caucasian woman who has had an elevated blood sugar and cholesterol 2 years ago but did not follow up with a clinical diagnostic work-up. She had participated in the state’s annual health screening program and noticed her fasting blood sugar was 160 and her cholesterol was 250. However, she felt “perfectly fine at the time” and did not want to take any more medications. Except for a number of “female infections,” she has felt fine recently.Today, she presents to the clinic complaining that her left foot has been weak and numb for nearly 3 weeks and that the foot is difficult to flex. She denies any other weakness or numbness at this time. She does report that she has been very thirsty lately and gets up more often at night to urinate. She has attributed these symptoms to the extremely warm weather and drinking more water to keep hydrated. She has gained a total of 50 pounds since her last pregnancy 10 years ago, 20 pounds in the last 6 months alone.Past Medical HistorySeasonal allergic rhinitis (since her early 20s)Breast biopsy positive for fibroadenoma at age 30Gestational diabetes with second child 10 years agoMultiple yeast infections during the past 3 years that she has self-treated with OTC antifungal creams and salt bathHypertension for 10 yearsPast Surgical HistoryC-section 14 years agoOB-GYN HistoryMenarche at age 11Last pap smear 3 years agoFamily HistoryType 2 DM present in older brother and maternal grandfather. Both were diagnosed in their late 40s. Brother takes both pills and shots.Mother alive and wellFather has COPDTwo other siblings alive and wellAll three children are alive and wellSocial HistoryMarried 29 years with 3 children; husband is a school teacherFamily lives in a four bedroom single family homePatient works as a seamstressSmokes 1 pack per day (since age 16) and drinks two alcoholic drinks 4 days per weekDenies illegal drug usesNever exercises and has tried multiple fad diets for weight loss with little success. She now eats a diet rich in fats and refined sugars.AllergiesNKDAMedicationsLisinopril 10 mg dailyLoratadine 10 mg dailyReview of SystemsGeneralAdmits to recent onset of fatigueHEENTHas awakened on several occasions with blurred vision and dizziness or lightheadedness upon standing: Denies vertigo, head trauma, ear pain, difficulty swallowing or speakingCardiacDenies chest pain, palpitations, and difficulty breathing while lying downLungsDenies cough, shortness of breath, and wheezingGIDenies nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating or pain, diarrhea, or food intolerance, but admits occasional episodes of constipationGUHas experienced increased frequency and volumes of urination, but denies pain during urination, blood in the urine, or urinary incontinenceEXTDenies leg cramps or swelling in the ankles and feet; has never experienced weakness, tingling or numbness in arms or legs prior to this episodeNeuroHas never had a seizure and denies recent headachesDermHas a rash under her bilateral breast and in groin areaEndocrineDenies a history of goiter and has not experienced heat or cold intoleranceVital SignsBP 165/100, T 98 F, P 88 regular, HT 5 feet 4 inches, RR 20 non labored, WT 210 lbsWhat you need to do:Develop an evidence-based management plan.Include any pertinent diagnostics.Describe the patient education plan.Include cultural and lifespan considerations.Provide information on health promotion or health care maintenance needs.Describe the follow-up and referral for this patient.Prepare a 3–5-page paper (not including the title page or reference page).FormatThe paper should be no more than 3–5 pages (not including the title page and reference pages.Assignment Requirements:Before finalizing your work, you should:be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Resources) to make sure you have included everything necessary; andutilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors.Your writing Assignment should:follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; anduse APA 6th Edition format as outlined in the APA Progression Ladder.

 
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Diabetes Type 1

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