Comment Suzzet

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I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT..BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS

After discussion with your mentor, name one financial aspect, one quality aspect, and one clinical aspect that need to be taken into account in developing the evidence-based practice project. Explain how your proposal will, directly and indirectly, impact each of the aspects.

Speaking with the mentor, the financial aspect of the project would be hours spent trying to get nurses educated on the proposed guidelines for late preterm infants. Hours will be needed as well to get the basic checklist implemented into the computer in this particular area, which requires going to different committees and getting approvals needed. This takes more than one nurse or person to get this done. This requires more hours of pay, and that would be the financial aspect of the proposed project.

Now, the clinical aspect that has to be taken into account with developing the project would be how the nurses will accept the project. As lifelong learners, staff nurses continually encounter new knowledge of relevance to their patients. The conscientious nurse remains alert to clinical problems and encourages investigation into ways to improve patient outcomes(Di Lenoardi, 2014). The nurses need to be given research and data that proves this could help readmission of late preterm infants. If given this data, they would be involved in the process of implementing as well,

In 2001, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended evidenced based practice to improve healthcare outcomes(Stephens, 2013). This project is to improve the quality outcome of late preterm infants and prevent their readmission to hospital.

All the aspects brought together will make a good impact on the project the author believes with the research and data given to the nurses, implementation and then follow up of results will show this is a great solution to help alleviate many readmissions nationwide as well. If this hospital shows that the guidelines are helping there, then they can show other colleagues in the nation that this helps and also will cut costs by preventing readmissions.

 

References

Di Lenoardi, B. C. (2014). Bringing evidence-based practice to life. Retrieved from https://lms.rn.com/getpdf.php/2145.pdf

Stephens, K. R. (2013, May 13). The impact of evidence-based practice in nursing and the next big ideas. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing., 18. https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol18No02Man04

 
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Comment Stephanie 18590729

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I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT..BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS

Choose one legislator on the state or federal level who is also a nurse, and discuss the importance of their role as advocate for improving health care delivery. What specific bill(s) have they sponsored or supported that has/have influenced health care?

Nurses that have gone on to become legislators “approach the job from the perspective of a nurse, nurse legislators can represent the interests of their colleagues in a way that no one else can” (Larson, 2016, para. 5).

Lois Capps, RN, served as a U.S. Representative for California’s 24th congressional district from 1998 to 2017. She has been a passionate advocate for nurses and has raised awareness about the ways nurses improve health care for all (McCutcheon, 2015). She has made many contributions on behalf of nurses and to the improvements in health care. Her retirement from Congress will surely produce a void in her absence. Through several sessions of congress, Capps was very active in and sponsored a bill that was backed by the ANA that would “improve the health, safety, and outcomes for patients by ensuring sufficient nurse staffing in hospitals” (McCutcheon, 2015, para. 3). Capps sponsored The Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act requiring hospitals to establish a panel to develop unit-by-unit flexible nurse staffing plans based on several determining factors and this panel was to be made up with a majority of RNs. She also was instrumental in the enactment of the Nurse Reinvestment Act in 2002 to fund nursing education and development of workforce (McCutcheon, 2015).  

Above all, Lois Capps, performed her work in Congress, with a smile and much kindness, which is not a common thing seen in a divided Congress as we have now.

References:

Larson, J. (2016). Nurse Legislators: Representing Health Care in State Government. Retrieved September 26, 2017, from https://www.americanmobile.com/mobile/NZArticle/?articeld=2193

McCutcheon, S. (2015, April 17). ANA praises retiring U.S. Rep. Capps for advocacy for RNs, public health. Retrieved September 26, 2017, from http://www.theamericannurse.org/2015/04/17/ana-praises-retiring-u-s-rep-capps-for-advocacy-for-rns-public-health

 
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Commentary2 19444731

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: Agenda Comparison Grid 

  

Identify the Population   Health concern you selected.

Health care cost 

 

Describe the Population   Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. 

Middle class to low income   American

This population was chosen as it is the most   affected by health care costs in todays society 

 

Administration (President   Name)

Donald Trump

Barrack Obama

George W. Bush

 

Describe the administrative   agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous   presidents.

· He   promises replace Obama care allowing the consumer to have insurers fighting   for their business making it more affordable for the middle class to low   income family 

· Eliminate   insurance fees for the consumer who does not have a health insurance policy  

· Eliminated   the payments made to the insurers that made it more likely for them to be   involved hit the health market 

· He   allowed short term plans to be available for people up to three years.  

· He   is making price transparency easier for the consumer to understand, which   drives down the cost and drives up the quality of service provided  

· Prescription   drug prices are dropping making them more affordable. 

· Requires   hospitals to make their prices available online so the consumer can shop   around 

· Forcing   insurance providers to must provide cost estimates to the public to give them   an idea of what they will be paying out of pocket 

· He   promised to make affordable health care a right for the consumer but not a   privilege. 

· Allowed   children until the age of 26 to be covered by their parent’s insurance 

· Prohibited   the cancellation of policies for people with costly illnesses 

· Established   a health insurance marketplace 

· Required   all Americans who could afford insurance to purchase it which he expected to   drive the cost of insurance down 

· Expanded   community health centers and provided incentives for primary care doctors to   practice in communities in need 

· Covered   HIV testing and treatment 

· Established   finical assistance for those who cannot afford insurance without it. 

· Gave   tax credits to small business owners who provided insurance to their staff. 

· Had   payments from Medicare patients linked to quality of care 

· Eliminated   coverage denials due to pre-existing conditions 

· He   promised to expand coverage, improve cost, and improve quality of care.  

· Created   the tax-free Health Savings Account (HSA) which eliminated out of pocket tax   payments for health care items for the consumer 

· Made   the price transparent to the consumer allowing them to know what they paid   and what the insurance paid to the doctor 

· He  established or expanded over 1200 community   centers in poverty areas. 

· Increased   the NIH funding to allow for more research which led to the creation of the   HPV vaccine 

· Helped   displaced workers by expanding the Trade Adjustment assistance program. 

· Passed   the medical liability reform which cut down on frivolous lawsuits that drove   of health care cost 

· Provided   additional assistance to low income Americans  

 

Identify the allocations of   financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents   dedicated to this issue.

2020 budget 87.1 billion for   HHS and a 248.8 billion in net health savings with focus on combating the   opioid epidemic, addressing mental health, decreasing prescription cost,   expanding asceses to health plans, expand Medicaid, reduce wasteful medical   spending, improve the integrity of Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP, asceses to   new technology, end HIV in America, prioritize health research, better   funding for  emergency preparedness, and  aid with older Americans,

2016 budget allocated 1,106   billion at 27% of the budget to healthcare and Medicare

He cut costs to Medicare at   182.7 billion over a five-year period and 17.4 billion in Medicaid. He scaled   back on what doctors, hospitals, and nursing homes were being compensated.

 

Explain how each of the   presidential administrations approached the issue.

Trump dismantled Obama care   stating that it was overpriced insurance that was not beneficial to the   consumer. He rid of the tax fee that was mandated for those who did not have   insurance. He works to get cost of insurance down while increasing the   quality of services provided to the everyday consumer. His goal is to have   the consumer have a transparent view of what they are paying for before they   buy.

Obama wanted to make   healthcare obtainable to everyone. He made a marketplace and required   everyone who could afford healthcare to purchase some form of plan, if you   did not buy this plan you were slapped with tax penalties. His thought   process in this was more people will be in the marketplace, making more money   for insurance providers, and this will ultimate drive down the cost of   insurance. He made money available to those who needed assistance with buying   insurance

Bush was in an economic   downfall. He was trying to help provide affordable healthcare to those who   needed it, but the money was not there to fulfill all his goals. He cut cost   to two of the most important insurance providers to Americans.

 
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Commentary1

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Identify the Population   Health concern you selected.

Unfortunate Elevation   of Suicide Rate in America

 

Describe the Population   Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it. 

Suicide is mental illness   when people direct violence at themselves with intent to end their life which   is a major public health problem and leading cause of death in America.   According to Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suicide is tenth   leading cause of death in US claiming the lives of over 47,0000 people.   During 2001 – 2017 total rate increase is 31 percent from 10.7 – 14.0 per   100,000 and in male suicide is four times higher than female (National   Institute of Mental Health).

 

Administration (President   Name)

(Current President)

Donald J Trump

(Previous President)

Barack Obama

(Previous President)

George W Bush

 

Describe the administrative   agenda focus related to this issue for the current and two previous   presidents.

President Trump issued a   “National call to Action to Empower Veterans and End the National tragedy by   Veteran Suicide”, this administrative agenda focuses on improving the quality   of life of America’s Veterans and ending the tragedy of veteran’s suicide.   Despite significant efforts and billions of dollar investment veteran’s   suicide has raise to 26 percent from 2005-2016. President’s aim through this   agenda is to revolutionize the VA healthcare system (U.S. Department of   Veterans affairs,2016).

President Trump signed, the   National Suicide Hotline Improvement Act of 2018, which made civilian to   access suicide crisis prevention by direct 3-digit number rather than long 10   digits (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention,2018).

In Obama’s administration,   Affordable Care Act played crucial role in extension of mental health and   substance use disorder benefits and parity protection among individuals who   were suffering from mental health illness. Obama also focused in prevention   of American Veteran suicide by making easy access to the mental health   providers. President proclaimed September 10,2015 as world suicide prevention   day by making awareness to citizen, government agencies, organization, health   care institute and research institute. He focused on prevention of bullying   and harassment which is major leading cause of suicide among teenagers

(The Whitehouse,2015).

In Bush’s administration, suicide   was introduced as one of the serious mental health problems among civilian   and veterans. In 2001 Bush’s agenda was focused in serving all person at risk   of suicide in US through network of local, certified crisis call center. This   program now called the National Suicide prevention lifeline. Agenda primary   focus was to make it available 24/7. In 2009 on supervision of Bush VA added   1-1 “chart service” for veteran who prefer to reach through internet (US   Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).

President Bush signed H.R.   327, the “Joshua Omvig Veterans Suicide Prevention Act” and H.R. 1284 the “   Veterans compensation cost-of-living adjustment act,2007) into law which   required VA to develop and implement a comprehensive program to reduce the   incidence of suicide among veterans and increase beneficiaries of veteran’s   disability compensation(Office of press secretary,2007).

 

Identify the allocations of   financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents   dedicated to this issue.

The executive orders on   president’s Roadmap to empower Veteran’s and End a National Tragedy of   suicide establishes a task force that includes the secretaries of VA,   Defense, Health and Human services and Homeland security. Frequent meeting of   the taskforce is held for topic prevention of suicide which includes head of   other executive department and agencies to other senior officials in the   Whitehouse office. President Trump secured a record $73.1 billion in funding   for the VA to provide quality medical care which includes $8.6 billion for   mental services and $206 million for suicide prevention (Whitehouse, 2018).

The president has expanded   access to telehealth services to help reach more veterans through “Anywhere   to Anywhere” effective VA health care initiative (Whitehouse,2018).

Affordable Care Act (ACA)   created Prevention and public health fund which funded 27 grants for   prevention of suicide (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).

President George W Bush   signed the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Act on October 21, 2004, turning bill   into law, the measure provides $82 million in grants to school, colleges,   universities and American Indian organization for development of suicide   prevention program (Kelvin,2004).

 

Explain how each of the   presidential administrations approached the issue.

President’s roadmap to   empower Veterans include a national research strategy for engaging with   public and private sector stakeholders to better understand the underlying   factors of suicide and lead to earlier identification and intervention, it   also includes a proposal for equipping state and local government with the   resource and tools to empower veteran communities. This roadmap helps to   create on active engagement with each veteran because 70 percent veteran   suicide without any mental assessment and intervention, it helps each veteran   for easy access of healthcare (Whitehouse,2018).

Mr. Trump’s order made a wide   range of mental health services available to all veterans as they transition   back to civilian society. Trump directed the department of VA for expansion   of health care to telemedicine, which has the potential to connect veteran   with care no matter where they live, and its use of technology allows former   service members to schedule appointment online. If VA can’t serve them   quickly then Veteran can go for private and allowance will be given (White   house,2018).

The Affordable Care Act   extends mental health and substance use disorder benefits and parity   protection to over 60 million Americans, helping men and women across country   to access critical care. Protection under the health care law prohibit   insurers from denying coverage because of pre- existing conditions, like a   diagnosis of mental health illness and require most insurance plan to cover   and recommended prevention service without co pays, including behavioral   assessment for children and depression screening( The White House,2018).

In February, Obama signed the   Clay Hunt suicide prevention for American Veteran Act to help fill serious   gaps for serving veterans with PTSD and other illness. Obama announced 19   executive actions to make it easier for veterans to access care, including   increasing the number of mental health providers at the department of   Veterans Affair (The White House,2018).

Suicide prevention national   strategy was first released in 2001, assembled by president George W Bush in   2002,the commission was asked to study mental health service delivery system,   to make recommendations that would enable adults with serious mental health   illness and children with serious emotional disturbance at work and    school. Participating fully in their communities, after one year of   study, reviewing and testimony the group issued its final report, which   identified six goals and corresponding recommendation. Activity in the filed   of suicide prevention has grown dramatically since the national strategy was   issued in 2001.Government agencies at all levels, school, nonprofit   organization and business have started program to address suicide prevention   (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).

The network of local   certified crisis call center was established in such a way that people in   crisis get their call transferred in nearest place so that suicide prevention   team can be in place of crisis quickly. There are greater than 100 suicide   call centers in 49 states. In October 2011, lifeline answered about 3 million   calls. (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).

 
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Commentary1 19451557

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When deciding to enter a Master’s program inevitably, I knew it had to be an online course. The advantage of going to school online while being able to work full time was a significant precursor in deciding to go back. The convenience and flexibility offered in online courses are un-matched, with most learners being full-time workers and parents (Kauffman, 2015). With there being so many appealing attributes, online learning is growing at a rapid rate (Kauffman, 2015). In 2010, over 6.5 million people were taking at least one online course (Kauffman, 2015).

While there are many positive aspects of online learning, there are a few negatives to take into consideration, as well. When choosing an online course, you lack face-to-face interaction with peers and instructors (Kauffman, 2015). The lack of interaction was the biggest concern I had when entering this course. Not being able to have your questions answered right away as you would in a physical classroom is an example. However, the communication between Walden staff in all of my classes so far has been excellent. My academic advisor and all of the teachers have been quick to respond and answer and questions. They always ensure I understand what is being asked of me when they submit the reply.

The second biggest concern I have is finding clinical sites for my practicum courses in the MSN program. I live in a city that is saturated with Nurse Practitioner students, and that makes finding clinical sites difficult. Working with my academic advisor this week, I have nailed down the exact dates I will need practicum to ensure I have a deadline.  According to Online Colleges (n.d.), one of the traits of a successful online learner is self-direction and self-efficiency. Taking the initiative, utilizing resources, and staying on schedule fall under this category (Online Colleges (n.d.). Previously, in my BSN program, we also had a practicum in the last quarter. During that time, I failed to utilize my resources and exercise self-direction and efficiency and didn’t meet the deadline for my practicum applications. By failing to meet the practicum deadline, I delayed one of my courses for six weeks, ultimately putting me behind. Although this was an inconvenience, it was a learning experience for me on time management and self- direction with online learning.

The third and final concern I had was writing Master’s level papers and discussions. The Writing Center was beneficial while obtaining my Bachelor’s Degree, and I will continue to utilize it as a resource to earn my MSN. With options such as help with writing, grammar and composition, APA format, and scholarly writing, you are provided an abundance of tools to ensure success (Walden University Writing Center, 2019).

In conclusion, I have many resources available to me on a professional and academic level. Whether it be my academic advisor, the writing center, a mentor, or colleague in addition to personal discipline and accountability makes me prepared to take MSN courses.  

 
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Commentary 2

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Any new endeavor is often approached with both excitement and reticence. I felt this way as I began my course work last week. While I was thrilled to be starting the final leg of my academic journey, I was fearful and overwhelmed by all that life was throwing at me. Course work, family, professional life, Thanksgiving holidays—all coming at me to add a great deal of stress. As I completed discussion posts and began working on assignments, several thoughts occurred to me and questions arose.

The first of these questions was how I could best manage my time to maintain a successful work life, school life, and personal life balance. One component of my time management plan was to approach my manager about changes to my work schedule that will optimize my hours worked in relationship to pay (working shifts that provide a shift differential) and allow me to work fewer hours overall. Another component of my time management plan was to plan specific days for structured schoolwork that I schedule away from my house where I would have many distractions from laundry to leisure reading to video games. By spending this structured time at a coffee shop or library, I will be able to get the most benefit from my time. A third component of my time management plan is to budget my time as I would my money by scheduling time for school, family, personal time, etc. In budgeting personal time, it is important to allot adequate time for sleep, exercise, and time with friends and family (Roque & Handing, n.d.). I am curious what strategies my fellow students find beneficial in budgeting and managing their time.

One of the people I listed on our network assignment is my academic advisor. In the video “The Walden Journey to a Masters in Nursing: Strategies and Resources for Success,” the use of our academic advisors is emphasized as a valuable resource (Laureate Education, 2018). While I know from my online courses at the school where I completed my BSN that your academic advisor can be helpful in navigating your program and overcoming obstacles, I am unsure of what the interaction with an academic advisor looks like here at Walden. I am sure some of my fellow students completed their bachelors degrees through Walden and would already have experience working with a Walden academic advisor. I would love to hear about your experiences with an advisor and suggestions on how to gain the most benefit from this resource.

There is one final concern that I am evaluating following my first week as a student at Walden. As I was exposed to many of the resources available to me here at Walden, I was given the opportunity to become a part of the Facebook group. I joined anticipating great benefit as I remember the Facebook group I participated in during nursing school was especially beneficial. One study of university sponsored Facebook groups demonstrated benefits including the sharing of research, volunteer opportunities and academic requirements (Malouff & Johnson, 2015). Despite my initial positive feelings about the Facebook group, I began to be overwhelmed and panicked as I would read posts. “Did I miss something?” became a repeated thought as I read post and comments alike. I am usually a student who is confident in my abilities to read the syllabus and assignment instructions and rubrics and then complete the tasks, but as I read the questions posed and the replies, I found that I was doubting this ability. I was overthinking every assignment and going back again and again to the course material to make sure I hadn’t missed something or done something incorrectly. As a result of this, I have contemplated changing the settings on the group so that I am not following all of the posts and they are not just randomly populating my Facebook feed and adding stress to my life. Has anyone else experienced this? In addition, I am concerned that people are utilizing the Facebook page to query peers instead of actually using Blackboard and reading the course material. This will inevitably lead to failure because the way to be successful in any course is to meet the requirements laid out in the syllabus and assignment rubrics. Does anyone have any suggestions for how this should be approached? In addition, do you think the potential benefits of the group outweigh the potential for stress and misinformation?

This new endeavor will certainly have its challenges, but I am already starting to feel more comfortable with the path that lies ahead. Already, one of the people I listed on my networking template has offered the availability of using her organization for a clinical site. In addition, I have received excellent advice from two of the people listed in terms of how to approach my assignments and keeping from feeling overwhelmed. The path ahead will be full of challenges, but the end reward will be worth them all.

 
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Commentary 1

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As a Registered Nurse since 1998, I have seen many changes among patient populations. They are getting older, sicker, and resistant pathogens have become more common, extensive, and profound. Not just restricted to heavy use of antibiotics, but environmental pollution with extensive biocides and heavy metals also created resistant pathogens (Singer, 2019). 

Environmental pollution poses many dangers to human health, which my potential future role as a nurse practitioner (NP) would serve to research trends, educate, and treat public maladies. Healthcare has become more technological and economically challenging, with the unfortunate complication of making primary care too expensive and unobtainable among populations, including the working poor and working middle class. Medications have become very complex; life-sustaining drugs are subsequently exorbitantly expensive. For example, insulin underuse leading to serious disease complications was one in four, especially in urban areas due to lack of affordability (Bhatia, Chang, & Bilal, 2019). Human populations with such profound needs, including issues with resistant organisms, can be potentially met as an Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse (GPCN) with research, education, and affordable medical management; credentialing is essential to get issues across for underserved and ignored populations. Walden University School of Nursing (SON) integrates the nursing process with cost-effective treatment strategies (2019a). 

Networking and accessing resources are essential for the GPCN role. This personal mission and vision are in alliance with Walden University’s goal and values, including student-centeredness, quality, and integrity; such opportunities would enable me to achieve such credentialing as GPCN, providing convenient educational opportunities accommodating my work schedule (Walden University, 2019). Walden University further enriches the spirit of evidence-based research, discovery, and critical thinking, effecting social changes improving living conditions for individuals, communities, and society (2019). Walden University’s SON has similar objectives, lending opportunities for specialist nurse practice enabling social change (2019a). As a GPCN, we are professionals that utilize the nursing process integrating assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluation of healthcare strategies enabling access to healthcare to even the socioeconomic disadvantaged (Walden University, 2019a). For example, there are approximately 12 million undocumented immigrants (Beck, Le, Henry-Ikafor, & Shah, 2019). Consider the spread of tuberculosis among the impoverished, being a disease of poverty, the undocumented encounter barriers such as fear of deportation and cost in which the GPCN can bring access to these populations, thereby preventing the spread of disease, and delivering treatment to the afflicted by fostering trust (Beck et al., 2019). Making medical access more affordable for underserved communities would include technology such as mastering telehealth, which is another avenue for the GPCN, but there is legal baggage with this as well (Balestra, 2018). 

Treating a single individual would also address population health; what affects one would affect others. 

 
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Comment Zoe Dq2

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I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUENT..BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS

Evidence-based practice projects are fundamental in medical practice. This is the reason as to why such projects emanate into results that are statistically significant. A distinction between clinical significance and statistical significance will be discussed in its relation to evidence based projects (Gillani, 2011). The use of clinical significance in supporting positive outcomes in the project will also be highlighted.

Clinical significance refers to that ability displayed by a treatment to enable a patient return to his or healthy state of body functioning. However, it differs from statistical significance in a sense that it is more objective i.e. it determines whether the prescribed treatment was able to achieve the intended purpose (Sedgwick, 2014). Statistical significance, though a determinant that was only used sometimes back is expressed as a variable meaning that it is never exact on whether the treatment recommended is going to restore a patient’s normality. It operates on the principle of probability.

The ultimate aim of the evidence-based practice project is to bring forth positive outcome. Incorporation of clinical significance can prove to be of great help in achieving this. Carrying out a clinical interpretation in the entire research process will be fundamental in ensuring that the patient’s safety, as well as efficacy need, is put into consideration when it comes to decisions made. This will significantly enhance positive outcomes of the research work.

A critical evaluation of the research project by clinicians so as to qualify internal as well as external validity will trigger positive results. The employment of all these aspects of clinical significance will see to it that Evidence-based practice project becomes not only meaningful but also helpful to those seeking medical solutions to their unhealthy conditions.

 

                                                  References

 

Gillani, S. (2011). Is statistical significance a relevant tool for assessing clinical significance?. Journal Of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2(2), 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-9234.90227

 

Sedgwick, P. (2014). Clinical significance versus statistical significance. BMJ, 348(mar14 11), g2130-g2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2130

 
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Comment Zoe Dq1

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I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT..BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS

When determining the appropriate variables to utilize for evidence based research practices, the researcher must take into account the aim of the study or what the study was seeking to define or hypothesize, the participants within the study, etc. (N.A., 2018). In the end, the study must ensure that it has reached the necessary variables that will allow it to propose the most optimal values and preferences for effective implementation from research to practice within the healthcare organization

The way you design your evaluation research will have a lot to do with how accurate and reliable your results are, and how well you can use them to improve your program or intervention. The design should be one that best addresses key threats to internal validity (whether the intervention caused the change) and external validity (the ability to generalize your results to other situations, communities, and populations) (Fawcett, 2017).

•Independent variables are the program itself and/or the methods or conditions that the researcher – in this case, you – wants to evaluate (Fawcett, 2017) They’re called variables because they can change – you might have chosen (and might still choose) other methods.  They’re independent because their existence doesn’t depend on whether something else occurs: you’ve chosen them, and they’ll stay consistent throughout the evaluation period. For my project, the independent variable would be the readmission rates of heart failure patients with in thirty days of discharge.  

•Dependent variables are whatever may or may not change as a result of the presence of the independent variable(s) (Fawcett,2017). In an evaluation, your program or intervention is the independent variable.  (If you’re evaluating a number of different methods or conditions, each of them is an independent variable.)  Whatever you’re trying to change is the dependent variable.  (If you’re aiming at change in more than one behavior or outcome, each type of change is a different dependent variable.)  They’re called dependent variables because changes in them depend on the action of the independent variable…or something else. The dependent variables for my project would be increased discharge teaching, and follow up care for four weeks post discharge.

 Reference:

N.A. (2018). Professional Capstone and Practicum. Brain Mass. Retrieved from: https://brainmass.com/health-sciences/evaluation-measurement-and-research-methods/professional-capstone-practicum-627869

Fawcett, S. (2017). Selecting an Appropriate Design for the Evaluation. Community Tool Box. Retrieved from: http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/evaluate-community-interventions/experimental-design/main 

 
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Commenting Two Discussions

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-Comment on each discussion separately.

-Post a half page paragraph for discussion#1 and another half page paragraph for discussion#2.

-Use your own words but also provide references and citations in APA format.

 
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