• Introduction
  Determining Toxicity
  Toxicity is determined by the following:
  
  • Observing people during normal use or accidental exposure.
  • Experimental studies using animals.
  • Cellular studies.
  • Toxins can be divided into categories based on their potential harm to humans.
  • Carcinogens are substances known to cause cancer.
  • Endocrine disruptors are agents that bind with hormones, blocking their normal function.
  • Teratogens are agents that cause malformation of a fetus through the mother.
  • Toxicologists are scientists who study toxins. They determine whether the toxins have any harmful effects on the environment or the human body. Toxicologists often describe toxins as either hazardous or poisonous. Hazardous substances are substances having the capacity to do harm. Poisonous substances are able to kill, injure, or impair living things with a small dose.
    Assessing Risk
    After determining that a substance is toxic, toxicologists and other scientists create risk assessment models. Risk assessment involves considering four steps:
  • Identification of the hazard and its potential health effects.
  • Dose-response (amount of pollutant to which a person is exposed).
  • Mode of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and injection).
  • Determination of overall risk based on dose response and exposure.
  • Cost-benefit analysis can be used to determine if a risk should be taken, and what strategies can be used to regulate and control the risk. In some cases, after a risk assessment, a risk can be determined as unavoidable.
    The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is a government agency created in 1972 to address some products that have presented an unreasonable risk of injury. The CPSC requires safety labels, recalls hazardous products, and enforces bans upon them.
    Accidents
    According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014), more than 400 Americans die each day due to injuries caused by accidents. In fact, most people experience a significant injury at least once in their lifetime (Hilgenkamp, 2006). Although, not all accidents can be avoided; understanding where the risks are and taking steps to avoid them is important to protecting our health.
    Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of death in individuals between 1 and 44 years of age (CDC, 2006). The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is charged with increasing safety on the roads by writing and enforcing safety laws. Seat belts, safety seats for children, airbags, and anti-lock brakes are just some of the devices that can make traveling in a motor vehicle safer. We can reduce our risk of a motor vehicle accident by following traffic laws, and always considering what is prudent based on the driving conditions.
    Accidents can also occur when we are in our homes. Common occurrences involve falls, poisonings, accidental shootings, fires, and power equipment. Young children are particularly at risk, which is why child-proofing a home is very important. Cabinets with toxic materials, medicines, and guns should be locked. Matches and lighters should be kept in a safe place.
    OSHA
    Concerns of hazards in the workplace led to the development of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). OSHA’s mission is to prevent injuries and protect the health of United States workers by ensuring safe and healthful places to work (United States Department of Labor, n.d.). The major areas of concern in the workplace are air contaminants (dust, fibers, gases, and vapors), and physical (temperature, noise, and radiation), biological (pathogens), and chemical (inhaled, absorbed, ingested, or injected) issues.
    References
    CDC. (2006). Deaths: Preliminary data for 2004. National Vital Statistics Reports, 54(19).
    Hilgenkamp, K. (2006). Environmental health: Ecological perspectives. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). Healthy people.gov. Retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx
    United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). About OSHA. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/about.html
    Demonstration of Proficiency
    By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
  • Competency 2: Analyze the impact of contaminants in the environment to human health.
    • Analyze the impact of a toxic substance on human health.
    • Analyze possible sources of exposure to a toxic substance.
    • Analyze what happens when a toxin enters the environment.
    • Analyze the persistency of a specific toxic substance.
    • Analyze government recommendations for a specific toxic substance.
  • Competency 4: Communicate effectively in a variety of formats.
    • Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.
  • Preparation
    Choose a toxin to research. Note: The CDC website and other materials listed in Resources: Toxins should provide you with a starting point in selecting a toxin. Then, select at least two peer-reviewed articles about your chosen toxin to read carefully.
    Instructions
    The purpose of this assessment is for you to learn how to summarize and critically evaluate a scientific paper on environmental toxins.
    Select at least two peer-reviewed articles about your chosen toxin to read carefully. Craft a 3–4-page analysis of the toxin’s impact on human health based on what you have learned. Address the following in your analysis:
  • Highlight the main points presented in the articles you read. What message are the authors trying to convey about that toxin?
  • Describe the possible sources of human exposure to this toxin and analyze their risk.
  • Analyze what happens when this toxin enters the environment.
  • Analyze the persistency of this toxin.
  • Analyze the federal government’s recommendations for protecting human health from this toxin.
  • Describe what other sources of information say about these toxins.
    • Identify any discrepancies you found in your research.
    • If the authors have different perspectives, how might these differing views affect environmental health?
  • Your analysis should follow a logical structure and be evidence based. Use the MEAL Plan to help guide the organization of your analysis:
  • Main Idea: Present the main point or idea that you are making about the environmental toxin you studied.
  • Evidence: What does the research say? Support your statements with evidence from your research and personal experience.
  • Analysis: Summarize main ideas from articles related to the points outlined for this assessment. Compare and contrast the ideas of the authors of the two articles. Identify those ideas and facts that relate directly or indirectly to your main point. Make explicit links between source articles, your personal experience, and your current analysis.
  • Link: Integrate and combine information from the source articles and your personal experience to your main point or idea.
  • Additional Requirements
    Use the APA Paper Template (linked in Resources: Toxins) to format your analysis.
  • Written Communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Length: This analysis should be 3–4 pages in content length. Include a separate title page and a separate references page.
  • Font and Font Size: Times New Roman, 12-point, double-spaced. Use Microsoft Word.
  • APA Formatting: Resources and in-text citations should be formatted according to the current APA style and formatting.
  • Number of Resources: You are required to cite a minimum of 2 scholarly resources. You may conduct independent research for resources and references to support your analysis. Provide a reference list and in-text citations for all your resources, using APA format. You may cite texts and authors from the Resources.
  • The purpose of this assessment is for you to learn how to summarize and critically evaluate a scientific paper on environmental toxins.

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1. Provide a brief description of the major social issues occurring at the time this nurse lived
2. Describe two contributions made to nursing
3. Discuss how these two unique contributions influenced nursing as we know it today
4. Minimum length 2-3 pages not including cover or referencing. APA formatting with referencing and in text citation.

You may use your textbook, readings and the following for background information.

ANA Hall of Fame

American Association for the History of Nursing

Museum of Nursing History – Slide Show Gallery

Strout, K. (2012). Wellness promotion and the Institute of Medicine’s future of nursing report: Are nurses ready? Holistic Nursing Practice 26(3), 129-136. 

This assignments must have accurate spelling and grammar and use APA Editorial Format for sources and reference.

Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below. Please check the Course Calendar for specific due dates.

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Write a Senior Project Summary paper on the selected topic from Week One. In your paper include the following:(2-3 PAGES ONLY)

1. Title Page 
   1. Anticipated title (this may change for the completed project)
   2. Your name
   3. Course name and number
   4. Instructor’s name
   5. Date submitted
2. Introduction: Provide a description of your selected topic (i.e., health care trend) and a thesis statement. Identify the organization that you have chosen to address, including why the issue of your selected topic is important to the health care administrators in your organization, and to the health care industry in general. This should be about one-third of a page.
3. Scope of the Senior Project: This section should summarize the content topics and sub-topics related to the health care trend that will be addressed in the Senior Project.
4. Discussion: This section should be a constructive and analytical overview of what was found in the scholarly and professional literature. Make sure to discuss the pros/cons or strengths/weaknesses of the stakeholder group impacted (e.g., patient, provider, third-party payer, administrator, legislator, etc.) as applicable. In developing this section, it is important to demonstrate your understanding of the topic and the interventions and influences. This should be about one page.
5. Conclusion:  Provide a summary of the main effects of the contemporary health care trend on costs, quality, and access to services as it impacts various stakeholder groups.
6. Reference Page
7. The Senior Project Summary should be two- to- three pages (excluding title and reference pages) in APA format as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center

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Approved Topics:

1. Examine how participative leadership functions in today’s modern health care organization and compare it to other types of leadership styles. Evaluate how each type of leadership style may impact organizational culture, employee performance, and how it may help or hinder the legitimacy of authority.

After identifying your topic, choose a health care organization in your area. This organization may be small or large and may provide single inpatient health service or multiple outpatient services; it is your choice. Consider your topic in light of the leadership of this organization and research the challenges and successes it has faced in managing operational effectiveness.  You are welcome to use as many research methods as possible to obtain information for your organization and its managers (e.g., web-based resources, electronic articles, or personal interviews). The more informed you are, the better prepared you will be to complete your project.  

Finally, develop a management training program that includes relevant guidelines and information to combat the issues identified in the selected topic, as well as recommendations for managers to more effectively lead health care organizations. Your training program should be in the form of a 20 to 25 slide PowerPoint presentation (excluding title and reference slides) that includes comprehensive speaker’s notes (i.e., at least 150 words) for each slide. Utilize at least three to five scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library and two to three current, scholarly web sources (total of five to eight references required). All sources must be cited according to APA style.Your presentation must be engaging and relevant to your audience. Lines of text on a slide will not be sufficient for this project. It should contain at least five images, graphics, and/or multimedia that communicate your training clearly to your audience. For tips on creating an excellent presentation, read this overview

The Senior Project:

1. Must be 20 to 25 PowerPoint slides (excluding title and reference slides) in length. There are 20 content criteria worth a total of 10 points.  
2. Must include a title slide that contains the following: 
   1. Title of project
   2. Your name
   3. Course name and number
   4. Instructor’s name
   5. Date submitted
3. Must include an introduction with a succinct thesis statement.
4. Must address the topic of the project with critical thought in the areas of: 
   1. Organization details
   2. Challenges and opportunities
   3. Training program outcomes
   4. Impact on at least three stakeholder groups involved delineated by cost, quality, and access to service
   5. Suggested actions
5. Must include a conclusion that reaffirms your thesis.
6. Must use at least five supporting graphics (images, graphics, and/ or multimedia) are included and relevant communicating the training content (two points).
7. Must include speaker’s notes that have evidence of critical thinking and application (content analysis, synthesis, evaluation) related to the research methodology used to develop (six points): 
   1. Project content
   2. Practical and relevant solutions to the organizational challenges/opportunities
   3. Appropriate evaluation of individual stakeholder groups involved
8. Must use at least three to five scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library and two to three current, scholarly web sources.
9. Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
10. Must include a separate reference slide, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

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This assignment focuses on the tenet of conscious leadership, the importance of self-assessment, and reflection. Self-awareness is essential for developing management and leadership skills. Recognizing your own strengths, weaknesses, and values, and understanding emotional intelligence and learning styles can help you to be a more effective leader. Becoming self-aware is an ongoing process requiring introspection. The more often people practice self-reflection, the more opportunities they have to understand their own behaviors and adapt their approaches to working with other people, which can improve both your own and other’s abilities to meet their professional goals.

Self-Assessment

For this assignment, you have the opportunity to take a variety of self-assessments to learn more about yourself and identify your assets and weaknesses as a leader. This will assist you in discovering how you can improve your own self-leadership skills. You will be asked to think critically about your results and submit a reflection as directed below. As a starting point, review the resources on conscious capitalism at: http://www.consciouscapitalism.org/. There are several helpful resources, including white papers and speech transcripts, available under the Content tab on the main page of this site. Conduct additional research beyond this website on the principle of conscious leadership.

Refer to the “Self-Assessment Links” resource in Topic Materials and complete each test. Be sure to document the results of each assessment to assist you in completing the reflection portion of the assignment below.

Self-Assessment Reflection

After completing the self-assessments, write a 1,000-1,250 word reflection in which you discuss the following:

1. Explain the characteristics of conscious leadership as defined by Mackey and Sisodia and compare them to the primary characteristics of two or three other leadership theories you have studied.
2. Describe the importance of self-awareness, self-concept, and emotional intelligence and the role they play in enabling effective conscious leadership.
3. Briefly summarize the results of each test you completed. In general, do you believe the results represent who you are as a leader? How will the results inspire you to be a conscious leader? Explain.
4. What insights have you gained about yourself after taking the assessments? How could this knowledge influence your values, attitude towards others, and how you approach new tasks in the workplace?
5. Explain the significance of the self-assessment results in relation to your individual behavior, your behavior within groups, and within organizations. What have you learned about your ability to manage others within the workplace? What have you learned about what it takes to manage yourself or how you respond to the management tactics of others within the workplace?

Include at least four academic references for this assignment to support your analysis and reflection.

This assignment uses a checklist. Please review the checklist prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

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