For your response posts, respond to two peers who analyzed a different way of knowing and comment on their analysis.
Peers document is attached below
My response is (1-1 Discussion) attached below
Respond to both peers individually.
Milestones in Public Health
Class, there are many milestones in public health, but two that always come to my mind are vaccination and seat belts! The world’s first vaccine for smallpox was created by Edward Jenner in the late 1700s. Since then, vaccines have been developed for many other preventable diseases. According to Research America (n.d.), the CDC estimates that over the last 20 years, 700,000 children’s deaths have been prevented because of routine vaccination. That’s a large number!
Similarly, the number of motor vehicle deaths per year has largely decreased since the implementation of seat belts. I find this interesting! While developing a vaccine is complicated, as we see from the seatbelt example, an intervention does not need to be complicated to be successful. Hundreds of thousands of lives were saved by a simple invention to ensure people remained safe in their car!
What are some of your favorite public health milestones? Or milestones that you believe were important for public health?
References
Research America. (n.d.). Public Health Milestones. Retrieved from https://www.researchamerica.org/advocacy-action/public-health-thank-you-day/public-health-milestones
Please Use APA format, and include references below 5 years and 150 words
Hello Irmia,
Yes, I think we can all agree that the genogram is a very useful tool. The literature is full of evidence that the genogram is a widely accepted and valuable tool in family assessment and treatment. Herth (1989) discusses that the genogram is most helpful with the elderly client. “The genogram is a tool that can be used by nurses to provide a comprehensive, holistic picture of the elderly client and his environment. A genogram can serve both as an assessment tool and as an intervention strategy” (p. 33).
Now let’s take this discussion one step further. You are the community health nurse, you have just completed a presentation to a group of people about genograms, the importance of them, how to create them. Everyone in the workshop has completed their genogram.
As the community health nurse what is the next step? How do you encourage the people to use this genogram to make better life style choices?
Dr. Diane Sokolowski
References
Herth, K, A. (1989). The root of it all genograms as a nursing assessment tool. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 15(12), 32-37. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.cuw.ezproxy.switchinc.org/docview/1021723254?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primo&accountid=10249
at least 2 references in each peer responses!
I noticed that there are many proposed policies on the agenda that are related to healthcare. Some of them are specific to the nursing practice. This creates the opportunity for the nurse to advocate for policies that impact nursing and healthcare directly by providing first-hand accounts and professional opinions supported by research. Nurses have insight on issues, such as patient safety and satisfaction, health disparities, access to care, and promoting positive outcomes (Abood, 2016).
The problem is that some nurses are unable to navigate through the politics of regulation and policy (Abood, 2016). This can create a challenge and become discouraging for nurses looking to make an impact or promote an agenda (Abood, 2016). Nurses can overcome this difficulty by participating in internships and workshops that provide the opportunity for a nurse to learn about the legislative process and the current issues being discussed (Abood, 2016). Understanding the political process is an essential method for effectively advocate for an issue. Nurses have to learn to play the game to promote change or obtain the scarcely rationed funding available.
According to Milstead and Short (2019), key opportunities to advocate for policy lies in knowledge and perception. Being knowledgeable on an issue can increase your influence as an advocate. Perception is a significant key in politics. Being perceived as a valuable collaborator or obtaining the support of a mentor that is respected can help push your agenda (Milstead & Short, 2019). Networking plays a significant role in politics. being introduced respected mentor or partner can help a nurse gain influence with rallying for support of a proposed agenda (Milstead & Short, 2019).
Probably the most significant opportunity for a nurse to advocate for a policy comes with becoming a member of a nursing association. Nurses associations like the American Nurses Association (ANA) are set up with the mission of influencing policy and advocating for the nurses and patients (ANA, 2019). The strength lies in numbers with the nursing association. Many of these organizations have built relationships with politicians and political parties to gain influence to support their agendas. For example, the ANA tends to favor and support democratic candidates (Milstead & Short, 2019). Nurses associations have enough members to get the attention of lawmakers. However, the nurse still has to task of advocating within the association to gain support from its members.
Respond to your colleagues post by suggesting additional opportunities or recommendations for overcoming the challenges described by your colleagues.
at least 2 references in each peer responses!
Much like in the nursing process, the step of evaluation is very important in implementing any change. Deciding how the policy will be evaluated should be done as the policy is being created (Laureate education). The Institute of Medicine wants nurses to be at the forefront of healthcare change. This also contributes to the fourth aim of the quadruple aim which is to fight healthcare worker fatigue (Milstead & Short, 2019). When nurses have a say in the changes, they will be more likely to help implement them.
Nursing input was asked for in evaluating the Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Milstead & Short, 2019). They were, “urged to engage in the evaluation process, advocate for cost transparency, campaign for patient education regarding enrollment in subsidized health insurance plans, and assist with the dissemination of accurate evaluation results” (Milstead & Short, 2019, pp. 121). With nurses being at the forefront of healthcare and the largest group of healthcare workers, their input is critical in evaluating how a new policy is working and they are also able to identify problems.
Nursing professional organizations, such as the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), among many others, were asked to provide formative data to lawmakers while the ACA was being evaluated (Milstead & Short, 2019). In addition to assisting with data collection, they were also asked to help disseminate evaluation data among peers, stakeholders, and patients (Milstead & Short, 2019). By being highly involved in a nursing organization, a nurse can have an excellent opportunity to review policies.
There are some challenges that exist in evaluating health policies. One factor is public opinion (Milstead & Short, 2019). This played a huge role in reviewing the ACA. Members of the public were constantly being manipulated by the press to think it was either bad or good and their opinions affected congress members’ decisions since they rely on votes to stay in office. A policy that might be overall beneficial to the public, could die by public opinion. To combat that, nurses need to make sure that they advocate for policies they believe in. This could make a difference since they are a trusted profession.
Another challenge is the rapid pace of policy changes (Milstead & Short, 2019). Some policies take time to truly see the effect they will have, but constituents and stakeholders want results overnight. This challenge might be met by establishing evaluation criteria from the start and asserting that time will be needed to fully know the impact.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). The Importance of Program Evaluation [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Nurses are considered as natural leaders in industry. All nurses will essentially at one point or another act as a manager or a leader in their career. Nurse Managers are part of an organization and has the authority and power to manage staff and the unit. Managers are responsible for people, budget, time and environment on their assigned unit. They are result driven and set the goals for the area they manage (Whitney, 2018).
Nurse leaders are role models who attract followers with their charismatic nature and activities. They influence the nursing population. The role of a leader is wide when compared with managers. They empower their followers and provide feedback (Whitney, 2018).
There is some overlap in their goals. Both are trying to get good results at the end. Managers use their power to make sure that the goals are met while leadership uses interpersonal relationships and help the followers reach the goal. A good manager can be a good nurse leader. They can use their power wisely while reaching organizational goals and act as a leader who can empower other nurses by giving feedbacks and help them to reach the goal (Northouse, 2013 (p.14).
References:
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Whitney, Stacey (2018) Theories and Concepts in Leadership and Management retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs451vn/nursing-leadership-and-management-leading-and-serving/v1.1/#/chapter/1
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There are multiple differences between leaders and managers. According to Clarke, L. (n.d), the difference between leader and manager can be drawn on the following grounds:
However, (Gillikin, n.d.) states that managers are often considered to be the members of an organization that are more interested in executing goals and objectives rather than creating new visions and missions for their organizations. With this, Arruda (2016) writes that leaders are often the ones promoting full scale change within their organizations while managers are more interested in maintaining the status quo. So, the main difference between leadership and management largely lie in philosophy and the practical execution of one’s role. While the philosophical differences strongly contrast from one another, some of the practical aesthetics of management and leadership overlap. Many managers are called to create plans and objectives for their organization that can encourage long term growth and budgeting over time. While these long term changes are not designed to be visionary, a practical manager may end up optimizing or changing major operational practices that have been used for some time in a company.
In addition, by its very nature, the professional nurse role is one of leadership. Across the healthcare continuum, regardless of our role or practice setting, we are looked to as leaders. The call to leadership moves all of us to a higher plane of responsibility and accountability, with or without a management title; it is inherent in all nursing positions from staff nurse to CEO. We all have similar goals and responsibilities for patient care. With all the changes currently underway in our healthcare delivery system and the nursing profession, all nurses must strive to emulate the hallmarks of good management and leadership and never stop working on our professional growth. We all need to stay informed and be politically saavy; we need to know what our professional journals and nursing organizations are saying and advance our education. In the end, all nurses must be visionaries, critical thinkers, skilled communicators and teachers. And the good news is you do not need a formal manager or leader title required to do any of these things (Williamson, E. 2017).
Nurse leaders that want to encourage change in their organizations should do so by being proactive managers that want to increase the value of the services their facilities offer. Thew (2018) writes that nurse managers can take advantage of the industry’s shift to value based care by looking at how they can optimize the use of their fellow nurses in the field. Rejecting some of the financial reimbursements that come with solely focusing on fee based services means that nurse managers will create more optimal business strategies.
References:
Gillikin, Jason. (n.d.). Management vs. leadership in a healthy organizational culture. Small Business – Chron. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-vs-leadership-healthy-organ
1 postsRe: Topic 5 DQ 2
This catastrophic earthquake took place on January 12, 2010, in the country of Haiti. With a magnitude of 7.0. on the Richter scale, this earthquake took many lives. An international relief operation was initiated soon after the earthquake happened. The United States sent thousands of military troops to Haiti to provide resources, help with finding lost loved ones and friends and help sustain peace.
According to Green (2018), “Primary prevention in disaster management involves planning prior to the disaster.” Thinking of the situation that is taking place and planning how to overcome the obstacles to help treat and save people. For instance, access to surgical, medical and emergency equipment, plans set in place to handle burns, trauma or other issues that might occur. Access needs to also be available to medications like antibiotics and IV fluid. Additionally, Green (2018) adds that “Secondary prevention may occur when the onset of the disaster has occurred or within hours of its impact; this is when the response occurs during a disaster.” This could be priority immunizations, including mass vaccination campaigns for tetanus immunization as part of wound care. This happens in the second phase to insure that once people are not in danger, they do not get an infection from a secondary situation. Secondary situations to educate on would be wound care and proper dressing change Finally, Green (2018 ) describes the last stage as “Tertiary prevention occurs after the offending event has ceased and the focus is on recovery.” This stage is when the recovery process begins. The duration of the recovery phase varies and can focus on the mental health of persons involved in the tragedy. Spiritual guidance and prayer are highly recommended at this stage to help people cope with the disaster.
There are many organizations that manage a crisis to this magnitude. One organization that I would work with is FEMA. FEMA is trained to respond to crisis situations and has a protocol already in place to follow to ensure the safest and most effective rescue and treatment for the public. I would also work with the American Red Cross. This organization is also highly trained to deal with disaster situations and getting proper supplies to people in need. I would also work with community churches and faith-based organizations to help people spiritually and mentally.
Community and Public Health: The Future of Health Care. (2018). Retrieved from Grand Canyon University (Ed.): https://lc.
1 postsRe: Topic 5 DQ 2
This catastrophic earthquake took place on January 12, 2010, in the country of Haiti. With a magnitude of 7.0. on the Richter scale, this earthquake took many lives. An international relief operation was initiated soon after the earthquake happened. The United States sent thousands of military troops to Haiti to provide resources, help with finding lost loved ones and friends and help sustain peace.
According to Green (2018), “Primary prevention in disaster management involves planning prior to the disaster.” Thinking of the situation that is taking place and planning how to overcome the obstacles to help treat and save people. For instance, access to surgical, medical and emergency equipment, plans set in place to handle burns, trauma or other issues that might occur. Access needs to also be available to medications like antibiotics and IV fluid. Additionally, Green (2018) adds that “Secondary prevention may occur when the onset of the disaster has occurred or within hours of its impact; this is when the response occurs during a disaster.” This could be priority immunizations, including mass vaccination campaigns for tetanus immunization as part of wound care. This happens in the second phase to insure that once people are not in danger, they do not get an infection from a secondary situation. Secondary situations to educate on would be wound care and proper dressing change Finally, Green (2018 ) describes the last stage as “Tertiary prevention occurs after the offending event has ceased and the focus is on recovery.” This stage is when the recovery process begins. The duration of the recovery phase varies and can focus on the mental health of persons involved in the tragedy. Spiritual guidance and prayer are highly recommended at this stage to help people cope with the disaster.
There are many organizations that manage a crisis to this magnitude. One organization that I would work with is FEMA. FEMA is trained to respond to crisis situations and has a protocol already in place to follow to ensure the safest and most effective rescue and treatment for the public. I would also work with the American Red Cross. This organization is also highly trained to deal with disaster situations and getting proper supplies to people in need. I would also work with community churches and faith-based organizations to help people spiritually and mentally.
Community and Public Health: The Future of Health Care. (2018). Retrieved from Grand Canyon University (Ed.): https://lc.
Re: Topic 5 DQ 2
The video clip was an eye opener and took me through a rollercoaster of emotions. It was evident that the country of Haiti was not prepared for a large-scale disaster like the earthquake that occurred in 2010. The earthquake claimed the lives of more than 200,000 people and injured thousands more (World Health Organization, 2019). Their health care infrastructure including hospitals and health facilities were put to the ultimate test as thousands of people lined up for care. Many lessons of disaster preparedness can be learned through this devastating event.
Disaster or emergency management can be separated into four phases: Prevention or Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery, each phase having its own set of activities. The mitigation phase includes actions to prevent or reduce the cause, impact, and consequences should a disaster occur. Public health nurses (PHN) can educate the community with planning for emergency situations such as practicing preparation drills. The preparedness phase includes planning and training to develop the capacity to respond quickly and efficiently to disasters and emergencies. Activities include developing plans to include what, where, and who to call for assistance. Health care facilities may practice through drills and exercises or educate the public with creating disaster kits. The next phase is the response phase which is the phase immediately following a disaster to provide safety for the community such as search and rescues, providing shelter, food, and medical care. The last phase is the recovery phase where restoration efforts occur (Falkner, 2018).
Disasters are unpredictable and impossible to stop and therefore, preventative measures must be taken to decrease the impact in the event of a disaster (Falkner, 2018). The primary phase involves planning prior to the onset of a disaster. PHN can assist families with creating plans for emergencies such as a making a first-aid kit, having at least a three-day supply of nonperishable goods, or preparing a gallon of water per person per day for at least three days. Another important message for the public is having an evacuation plan 9Falkner, 2018). There were no evacuation or safety plans in place for emergencies. Haiti was not prepared at for mass casualty. Having necessary supplies for developing countries can be challenging. Therefore, worldwide efforts with building emergency shelters should be in place. A good place to start are hospitals and clinics with adequate supply of water and food. Secondary prevention occurs within the onset of a disaster such as providing emergency assistance and emergency shelters (Falkner, 2018). As said in the video clip, people were lined up everywhere for medical services. Preventing infections from wounds, providing necessities or proper shelter was an impossible task due to lack of supplies and inadequate infrastructure. While there were worldwide efforts to provide secondary aide, it was an absolute chaos. Boxes were everywhere and emergency supplies could not be located. Perhaps in an event such as this, a point person can be designated to coordinate supplies so that it is more assessible to the health care team. Tertiary prevention occurs once the disaster has ceased with a focus on recovery (Falkner, 2018). The time for recovery will vary but there is hope with worldwide effort. This could come from donations and missions from volunteers to assist with financial and emotional distress such as the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross is a non-profit organization that has been providing life-saving services to the members of the American armed forces as well as providing emergency assistance in the United States and worldwide.
Reference
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