Responding 19209359

 

1)

When I reviewed the assignment for this week, sheer panic took over. Then after reviewing all the tutorials on www.screencast-o-matic.com I felt a little relieved. The next tutorial reviewed from Professor Lease’s, and this one helped to pull it all together. This is one of those things that I had to get to website and navigate through a lot. I can easily record, stop, and erase after recording myself narrating. I use Microsoft online. I had a lot of trouble using PowerPoint Online, and trying to record by voice while using the slideshow view. This is impossible using the online version of PowerPoint. I had to click on “open in PowerPoint,” on the upper right hand side of my PowerPoint viewing area of the presentation. The computer asks if you want to switch apps. One must click “yes,” and it will bring you to the version used on the desktop. Before finding this out, I had a lot of trouble recording. The Screencast-O-Matic control board would completely disappear. This became very frustrating, and almost had me in tears. Finding out that PowerPoint online had to be changed to the regular PowerPoint used for the desktop was my saving grace. I was even able to record using the webcam. After saving the video, I could not find it but knew it was somewhere. On the top of the screen I clicked “for education.” This will lead to a different screen layout. There is an option for “my videos,” that is located next to your account e-mail address. After clicking on “my videos” this will bring one to all the videos saved. Downloading and installing was easy. I have a new laptop so on the upper right hand side of the screen are 3 dots. I clicked on that, then clicked on “pin this task to the toolbar.” It puts a little icon on the bottom of the computer. This icon acts as a direct link to the website. I use this for Aspen University’s Classroom, Aspen’s student portal, Microsoft online, and any other important places I need to get to quickly with a click of a button. I do have a question for you all. What does Professor Lease mean when she wrote “this can not be a voice over PPT?” My understanding is screencast is a PPT with voice recorded as a narrator, but what is voice over PPT? Does she mean we need to record our face as well? 

2)

 

When I found out what the discussion question was going be for this week I was shaking in my boots. I thought to myself, here we go with something else I’ve never heard of and one more thing in life I must try and figure out. But to my surprise, with a little patience and not thinking it was the end of the world I was able to look up Screencast-o-matic with very few complications. Finding the website was easy. Looking at it for the first time I thought surly its not going to be as easy as logging in, but it was. The steps to recording wasn’t as bad a thought also. I tried to do it on my own but found later that it would have been best if I took the tutorial. After watching the tutorial, I was able to record the words on my first two slides. It was nice to learn to choose the section that I wanted to be heard within the PowerPoint. I must admit, I thought I sound quite crazy. The first thing I said was “wow is this what I sound like”. Then I quickly hit stop. After regrouping, I was couldn’t figure out how to get the screencast onto the PowerPoint. After playing around with it for a while and calling for help, I was able to set things up the way it needed to be presented. I don’t think the task of getting the screencast together was hard. I just think it was one more thing new that I had to become aware of, and we all know newness can be scary. I’m still having some trouble with the upload. Sometimes it worked for me and other times it didn’t. I’m sure if I go into it again when I have more time it will be fine. In the end it turned out to be not as bad as I thought it was. I admit that I didn’t know anything about screencast. Preparing those two slides were great. It was nice to learn something different and how other things beside graphs and pictures can be added to a PowerPoint. I look forward to seeing how my final presentation will turn out.

200 words for each response

 
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Responding 19397899

200 words for each response.

1) 

Social Determinants and Disease Development

       Social determinants of health are conditions in which a person is born in to – social, economic and physical conditions to include resources and daily needs, biases, crime and violence statistics, community support, availability of sending and receiving communication, education quality and community, etc., each impacts an individuals daily activities, health, wellness and evidence of disease.  Individual behaviors will also support or not, the chain of events that lead to health or illness.  Although many circumstances may prevent wellness, it is up to the individual how these circumstances will impact their life.

Chain of Infection

       The chain of infection is comprised of six units; the infectious agent or the germ; the reservoir or where the pathogen lives; portal of exit, why and how the infectious agent exits it reservoir; mode of transmission, how it is passed on; portal of entry, how the infectious agent enters its new host; and the susceptible host which can be any person or animal.

How the Community Health Nurse Can Break the Chain of Infection

       Community nurses and education are at the center of breaking communicable disease processes from spreading, surveillance of and prevention.  In order to stop the infectious agent from spreading it is imperative to break the link of transmission.  Hand hygiene, vaccination, prevention of spreading an organism could include education on the importance of covering your cough or sneeze, isolate the person or persons infected, use of personal protective equipment when indicated, especially in healthcare settings, utilizing antibiotics wisely.  At home and beyond, maintain and clean your home especially the high use areas such as countertops, faucets, light switches, bathroom surfaces, keyboards or cell phones, doorknobs or the steering wheel of your car.  In grocery stores, utilize the antiseptic wipes to wipe down cart handles, etc.  If you find yourself or a loved one as a patient in a hospital or clinic setting, speak up, call out anyone who enters your room to utilize hand sanitizers prior to engaging in your care.  All are ways to break the link and to prevent spread of infectious agents.

       Improve community knowledge and information of possible outbreaks and the steps needed to contain the infectious agent.  Through collaboration with local healthcare professionals, social media or television, provide hyperlinks to public health forums or available telephone numbers for social support services.  Community health nurses need to be well informed and educated in surveillance statistics of their local area in order to break the chain of infection.

References

Clark, M. J. (2015). Population and community health nursing (6th ed.).  Boston, MA: Pearson

     Chapter 3

Infection Prevention and You.  Break the Chain of Infection.  Retrieved from (professional.site.

     apic.org)

Prevention by Breaking the Chain of Infection.  Retrieved from (cdn.ps.emap.com)

Social Determinants of Health.  Retrieved from (healthypeople.org)

2) 

Social determinants of health can be connected with a person’s culture. The way that a person’s culture views healthy habits can impact their health. Social determinants of health can be defined as conditions that people are born and function in (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). Some examples of social determinants are the availability to meet daily needs (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). This means that a person access to healthy food, health care, safe housing, social support, etc. (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). I believe that social determinants of health can have a major development to disease. When someone has access to clean water, air, and food it can make a difference in the spread of disease. Florence Nightingale believed in this theory as well and made sure that soldiers had access to clean water, air, and food. Nightingale found that 10 times more soldiers died of “filth disease” than died of bullets (Markel, 2017). Nightingale believed that the reason so many soldiers died was because of the filthy conditions that they were living in. These soldiers did not have access to clean conditions during the war, if these soldiers were born in these conditions, I am sure that they would find that many of them would be sick throughout their life.

            The chain of infection is how infection is spread from person to person. The reservoir is where the infection normally lives and grows (Centers for Disease Control, n.d.). These reservoirs can be environmental, human, or animal. Next in the chain is the portal of exit. This is how the infection leaves a host. A mode of transmission is how a pathogen is spread from host to host (CDC, n.d.). A portal of entry is how the infectious agent enters a host (CDC, n.d.).  The final link is to have a susceptible host (CDC, n.d.). The Center for Disease Control (n.d.) suggests that preventing the spread of infection can be done by protecting the portal of entry, increasing a host’s defenses, and finally by eliminating at transmission. A community health nurse can help break this chain by studying the different parts of the chain of infection and how to adequately stop the spread of infection. If a nurse wants to break a link in the transmission, they can protect the way that the infection is spread. For instance, when at the hospital and a patient has an infection with a disease that can be spread by direct contact, we make sure to dress in gloves and a gown to make sure that we are protecting ourselves from the spread of disease. If someone in the community has an airborne disease like tuberculosis, the community health nurse can prevent the spread of infection by making sure the infected person does not leave their house.

Reference:

Centers for disease Control. (n.d.). Principles of epidemiology | Lesson 1 – Section 10. Retrieved

from https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section10.html.

Healthy People 2020. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from

https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health.

 

 
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Responding 19388851

Response to each person 200 words each

1) 

Preparing for disasters is something many only think about during “that season”; hurricane season, winter blizzards, tornadoes , fire, flooding etc. however, disasters can happen at any time, so continued and sustained preparedness is essential.

       For the most part I knew my level of preparedness as I’ve lived in many areas of the world where “that season” happened on a regular basis.  Essential documents stored in plastic bins, easily accessible to place in to a car in the event of needed evacuation or sheltering in place, food, water, medical documents as well; only once I was not prepared but many things were happening in my life at that time which caught me off guard.  I worked a disaster relief effort with the American Red Cross in the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew in southern Florida and learned many things due to that experience and my time in the military has prepared me for many other man-made disasters.

       We have recently moved to the southwest and I now own a home again, so we are not quite as prepared as we were previously as a homeowner.  The tools and supplies needed to secure my home at this time are lacking so this is a step in preparation that must be accomplished, otherwise, based on the checklist, I am still prepared for nearly any disaster that may strike, or at least I would hope to be! 

       From the perspective of a community health nurse; education is the key to disseminating information to community members.  From participating in and education regarding local flu outbreaks, encouraging vaccinations for those at risk or simple education regarding hand hygiene and the correct way of covering your cough, along with health and wellness to maintain the highest levels of immunity for something as simple yet as deadly as the flu can be, is important.  Man made, natural or environmentally fueled disasters are difficult to disseminate information except through ongoing education or community preparedness sponsored events or work shops.  Ongoing drills within the school systems or community centers will assist in preparedness for disaster specific to the geographical area.  Instructions; written, verbal or expressed for personal preparedness, the how and why, and where to find needed supplies would all begin and continue through education.  Reporting of potential outbreaks or disasters through proper channels would also provide the community with added resources.  In the event of a disaster, nurses would need to assist in identifying who is at risk and what to do regarding those individuals, their friends and families, as would the nurse.  But always keeping in mind the scope of practice and current knowledge base of the nurse.

                                                                                                         References

Clark, M.J. (2015) Population and Community Health Nursing (6th ed). Boston, MA: Pearson

Community Health Nursing in Disaster Management.  Retrieved from (authorstream.com)

How to Prepare for Emergencies.  Retrieved from (redcross.org)

2) 

preparing yourself for disaster is one of the best and smartest things we can all accomplish in life, both as medical field personnel and human beings in general. Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters. That is, to predict and, where possible, prevent disasters, mitigate their impact on vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively cope with their consequences. wide efforts to give citizens the training, education, and resources they need to prepare in advance against the threat of a possible local disaster at an individual and collective level. Despite the frequency of stories seen on the news that prove the devastation of unexpected natural disasters or local violence, local governments struggle to impart on citizens the importance of preparedness. The optimistic hope that an unexpected disaster could never destroy one’s home or hurt one’s family, is a difficult misperception to overcome. The goal of community preparedness is to maximize citizens’ awareness of the importance of proactive planning, and encourage participation in disaster preparedness activities. Begin your planning by identifying local emergency response organizations and leaders and asking them to be part of your education and planning efforts. Use all available communication channels to recruit members of your community to participate in your emergency preparedness team. For tips on marketing communications for local government. Once you’ve recruited citizens to participate in your preparedness team, schedule regular meetings that are always open for others to join and attend. The first primary objective of the group should be to develop a disaster preparedness plan. By engaging citizens in the planning process, they will be more likely to encourage friends, family, and neighbors to get involved and will help spread your message of the importance of individual and community preparation. Make sure your emergency planning takes into consideration seniors, children, and community members with special needs. Identify all the senior centers, assisted living facilities, day care centers, schools, and adult day habilitation centers in your community. Work with their leadership to make sure you have a plan in place in the event that such facilities need to be evacuated, or receive urgent care.

 

 
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Responding 19384123

 A life review is a phenomenon widely reported as occurring during near-death experiences, in which a person rapidly sees much or the totality of their life history. It is often referred to by people having experienced this phenomenon as having their life “flash before their eyes”. Life review therapy involves adults referring to their past to achieve a sense of peace or empowerment about their lives. While life review therapy isn’t for everyone, there are certain groups of people it may benefit. This type of therapy can help put life in perspective and even reveal important memories about friends and loved ones. Therapists center life review therapy around life themes or by looking back on certain time periods. These include childhood, parenthood, becoming a grandparent, or working years. Teachers often ask their students to conduct life reviews with older adults or loved ones. Students may wish to record, write, or videotape these sessions for sharing purposes in the future. There can be benefits for families when their loved one participates in life review therapy. The family may learn things they never knew before. Saving these memories through video, audio, or writing can be a treasured piece of family history. Therapists also use life review therapy to treat depression in older adults. And a doctor may use life review therapy to accompany other medical treatments, such as medications to reduce anxiety or depression. Life review therapy can promote improved self-esteem. People may not realize the significance of their accomplishments—from raising children to being the first person in their family to earn a college degree. Reminiscence in skilled hands may be a useful adjunct when caring for older individuals. The individual may benefit psychologically from a feeling of increased self-esteem and control. Staff must clearly establish a modality in which to utilize reminiscence; goals must be set. Problems that may result from uncovering certain memories must be carefully dealt with and may even require the assistance of a skilled psychotherapist. Additional research is necessary to improve our understanding of this potentially useful international tool. 

2.

 A life review is a phenomenon widely reported as occurring during near-death experiences, in which a person rapidly sees much or the totality of their life history. It is often referred to by people having experienced this phenomenon as having their life “flash before their eyes”. Life review therapy involves adults referring to their past to achieve a sense of peace or empowerment about their lives. While life review therapy isn’t for everyone, there are certain groups of people it may benefit. This type of therapy can help put life in perspective and even reveal important memories about friends and loved ones. Therapists center life review therapy around life themes or by looking back on certain time periods. These include childhood, parenthood, becoming a grandparent, or working years. Teachers often ask their students to conduct life reviews with older adults or loved ones. Students may wish to record, write, or videotape these sessions for sharing purposes in the future. There can be benefits for families when their loved one participates in life review therapy. The family may learn things they never knew before. Saving these memories through video, audio, or writing can be a treasured piece of family history. Therapists also use life review therapy to treat depression in older adults. And a doctor may use life review therapy to accompany other medical treatments, such as medications to reduce anxiety or depression. Life review therapy can promote improved self-esteem. People may not realize the significance of their accomplishments—from raising children to being the first person in their family to earn a college degree. Reminiscence in skilled hands may be a useful adjunct when caring for older individuals. The individual may benefit psychologically from a feeling of increased self-esteem and control. Staff must clearly establish a modality in which to utilize reminiscence; goals must be set. Problems that may result from uncovering certain memories must be carefully dealt with and may even require the assistance of a skilled psychotherapist. Additional research is necessary to improve our understanding of this potentially useful international tool. 

 
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Responding 19381029

  Two separate responses 200 words each

I find myself to be most comfortable working with older adults between the ages of 70-85. As a nurse I have really only worked with the geriatric population. I work at a hospital in Arizona that is close to many different retirement communities. Our hospital’s average patient age is 74. This makes working with younger patients little more uncomfortable for me. I wonder if it is because younger patients are generally not as used to being in the hospital and I worry about not being able to calm their fears.

Cultures that are very different than mine also make me a little uncomfortable to communicate with them. I worry that I will offend the patient with something like eye contact. I work with a lot of Navajo patients. At first, I was nervous to work with Navajo patients because I did not know a whole lot about their culture, but as I have learned and worked with the Navajo, I have felt more comfortable being able to effectively communicate with them.

I had a patient from India and was nervous to be working with them for the same reason. This patient was one of the most kind hearted people I have ever met. By the time she was ready to be discharged I had learned a lot about her culture and enjoyed getting to know her.

            I do not feel uncomfortable communicating with other races, I feel more uncomfortable communicating with cultures that are different than mine. I think it is more that I am worried about possibly offending someone because of my own culture’s customs, and I can be unaware of other culture’s customs.  

            Communicating with someone of a different living situation is generally pretty easy for me as well. I have lived in communities that have a lot of diversity and that has helped me to understand the different living situations that people have.

            One thing I have recognized is that as a nurse, we work with so many different people. Everyone at some point in their life is going to need medical attention, and a nurse will be there to take care of them. As nurses we have to learn how to communicate with people who are very different from us and learn to adapt to the many different cultures and personalities we work with.

            When I was growing up, many of my experiences with how older adults are treated is mostly with respect. However, I also felt like older adults were seen as to be a burden on the family. I grew up learning that it may be best for older adults to be in an assisted living place. It has been found that many adult children are around the age of 60 or 70 when they are taking care of their 90-year-old parent (Graham, 2018, p. 1).  According to Graham (2018) Caregiving at the age of 60 or 70 can be very hard on the body and adds extra mental and physical stress (p. 1). I am not sure if having older adults in an assisted living is the best place for older adults, but I am interested in learning more about this topic this week.

Reference:

Graham, J. (2018, August 23). A late-life surprise: Taking care of frail, aging parents. Retrieved

from https://khn.org/news/a-late-life-surprise-taking-care-of-frail-aging-parents/.

2) 

Working in the healthcare settings, we come across many different people from different backgrounds, races, and living situation. The philosophy of any public space is the equality and standard way of thinking and feeling about others, but in reality, these differences could often cause tension and/or stress during the interaction of two people. When I come across a patient around my age group, I find that I speak to them as if they were a friend, often using slang and other gestures as I would with friends outside of the workplace. In contrast, with older adults I tend to speak a bit slower and professional due to the age difference. Being a 27-year-old Intensive Care RN, often times older patients initially feel as if my age will affect their care in a negative way because they relate young with inexperienced, therefore the tone and word choice are changed in order to instill confidence thru proper communication. The difference in gender can also have its changes of personality during a patient interaction. Being a male, I tend to talk to the guys a bit more straight forward and not so much emphasis on emotion, while with females, I tend to be more compassionate and understanding of their situation. As for the other factors that make a difference in people, race, sextual preference, living situation, that does not play a factor during patient communication as those are not important to me, instead I may feel the urge to ask more questions to get to know them and their culture or preferences if their difference interest me. 

             While growing up, the Latin culture has great respect for older adults. A young family member is always expected to take care of their older family members, especially the older females. Grandma’s, Aunt’s, and Mom are always the first to have priority in any situation, starting with the eldest one. The older males in the Latin culture are not left out behind, but typically are carefree to many situations, just wanting everyone to be happy regardless of where they stand. When I was about 5 years old in 1997, the respect for adults was already instilled in me. Always making sure that adults are respected and listened to what they asked of me. In 2007 I was 16, and things started changing, I would be able to challenge adults’ questions and figure out why things are the way that they are; this was a rebellious stage, but I was just trying to figure out why. Fast forward from the rebellious stage, 2011 I was 20 years old, and now had the knowledge as to why adults did what they did, and I understood the meaning behind it. The older adults in the family would now see me as an adult, and although the respect continued as such, I was now an adult as well with my own opinion and choice, regardless of their input. 

            The way we act and treat others is highly influenced by the upbringing that we have experienced as children, in my opinion, and therefore it is especially important for me to continue what I have been taught as a child, in the workplace, and continue the line of respect with those that surround me. In 2017, my niece was born, and now I find myself also educating her in what is acceptable and not acceptable in our eyes, to continue the same respect and behavior towards other, with her. For us, it doesn’t matter what color you are, which gender you like, where you live, which car you drive, which gender you are, what matters to us is the quality of person you are in the world and how you treat those that surround you.  
 

 
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Response 1 19472579

Respond one of your colleagues’ posts by offering a possible resolution to their  questions/concerns with supporting documentation.

at least 2 references in each peer responses! 

  

The protection of those who receive nursing care is the responsibility of the State.  Each state’s rules and regulations, along with with their Nurse Practice Act guide competent and safe practices.  Although each state is dedicated to quality care for all patients, some regulations may vary from one State to the next (NCSB. 2019).

In each state, there are regulations that pertain directly to Advanced Practice Registered Nurses.  These rules specify the criteria that a Registered Nurse must meet in order to practice as an APRN.  In Missouri, an RN must pass an advanced pharmacology course.  This course offers education related to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of various commonly used medications.  It also provides information pertaining to the use of medications for disease treatment or health promotion (NCSB. 2019).

The state of Iowa does not specify a requirement for an advanced pharmacology course within their ARPN rules and regulations.  Both states require an active RN license and graduation from an accredited program (NCSB. 2019).  There are many more regulations related to the requirements of licensure for an APRN in Missouri than an ARNP in Iowa. 

In Missouri, an APRN can apply for a certificate enabling them to prescribe controlled substances.  They could then prescribe drugs from a schedule III to V, omitting schedule I and II.  These certificates are obtained through the Missouri State Board of Nursing by applying with the Missouri Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs as well as the Drug Enforcement Agency.  This certificate requires collaborations between the APRN and a physician  (NCSB. 2019).

Iowa also has State Regulations related to Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioners (as it is so named in Iowa) related to the prescription of controlled substances.  Just as it is in Missouri, Iowa ARNPs may only prescribe schedule II through V of narcotics (NCSB. 2019).  Both states require that this nurse register with the DEA, only in Iowa must this nurse maintain an active Controlled Substances Act to allow them to dispense, prescribe, or administer medications that are deemed a controlled substance (Weinberg, K. 2019). After reading the regulations for an ARPN in Iowa, versus an APRN in Missouri, it seems that there are more rules, and better detail within each rule, related to these nurses’ ability to prescribe scheduled medications.

The APRN in Missouri must complete an advanced pharmacology course.  This may be very useful for these nurses to assist in the treatment of various diseases and the promotion of health.  An ARPN can specialize as a nurse anesthetist, a family nurse practitioner, a nurse-midwife, or a clinical nurse specialist (Hoebelheinrich, K. 2018). In any one of these roles, this nurse may need pharmacology knowledge to prescribe the right medications, and to monitor for side effects related to their use.  APRNs are becoming increasingly vulnerable to liabilities related to inappropriate prescribing of medications that lead to medication errors (White, C. 2011).  These errors can cause loss of life for the patients.  It is important that APRNs are properly educated in pharmacology to reduce the risk of these life-altering errors. 

To ensure adherence any nurse who wants to further their education to become an APRN in Missouri should research all possible universities and programs and select one that provides an advanced pharmacology course.  It is important for a nurse to seek advice from an advisor who is employed at these schools as they will know what courses are required.  To ensure that any APRN is prescribing appropriately within the regulations of Missouri laws they should familiarize themselves with all laws and regulations related to APRN roles.  They should be aware of all requirements for obtaining certification to prescribe controlled substances and then comply with them fully. 

 
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Responed

  Responses to initial postings should be specific and assess whether posting accurately and sufficiently addresses the questions asked in the discussion topic.  Assessments should be explained  as to why the information is or is not correct and/or complete, providing correct information to enhance the discussion. Incorporating relevant research from course content or external sources strengthens all postings. in APA format  

 
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Respondwk6 7inf

Please respond to 2 students. Thank you

 
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Responding To Your Peers Discussion

In your responses to your peers, take a look through the lens of intersectionality and consider both sides of your classmates’ issues. Compare and contrast your answers. What do you like about your peers’ explanations, and what would you add?

Make sure you support your response with the readings from this module, and any additional resources if needed.

Peers Discussion is attached below with readings from this module to answer question in relation to peers response.

 
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Responding To Social Health Needs 19109571

Use the state of Georgia.

Research a law in your state on Community Social Needs.  Then Identify at least 2 ways the law has been used to respond to health-harming social needs in health communities. Do you feel the response was effective? What changes would you recommend as a healthcare regulator? Justify your rationale.

 
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