Describe the role of insulin in the human body in about 300 words.

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

WEEK1/ANSWER TO PROFESSOR/ DICUSSION

first part is my discussion 

Physical Examination

Physical examination is the evaluation of anatomic findings by using observation, percussion, palpation, and auscultation to obtain information about the patient. Many people who visit healthcare providers follow their instructions but wonder what they are doing or what they are looking for. During a physical examination, a healthcare practitioner is gathering cues to be able to diagnose. When a physical examination is thoughtfully integrated with the information that they provide, history, and path physiology, they should yield at least 20% data that is necessary for diagnosis and management of the patient (Sawyer, 2012). An examination of a 12-year-old child to find the likely cause of the symptoms portrayed would assist in diagnosing the child.

You are admitting a 12-year-old child to your unit. The mother states that the child has a history of unexplained blackout episodes, headaches, sleep disturbances, and is presently exhibiting tremors. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms? What actions would you take during the interview process? Explain.

I have chosen the 12 year old patient for this discussion.

When conducting a physical assessment on children it is imperative to start the collaboration relationship process between the patient and their family members and myself, as the nurse with effective communication strategies. I would first introduce myself to the patient and mother of the patient and explain to the both of them the purpose of the assessment being performed and how the information that they provide will be utilize appropriately. One important aspect to explain to both of them is that the information that they provide to me is protected by HIPAA.

I would then use open-ended questions (i.e. what brings you in today) to direct the interview to gain the patient’s history from either the child or from the mother. If more information is needed then I would utilize closed-ended questions or direct statements (i.e. how long has these symptoms been going on) to clarify any additional information.

Next, I would take the patient’s vitals and a complete head-to-toe assessment with an emphasis on the neurological system exam, all while explaining to the patient and the mother the reason for me having to do this. By me explaining step-by-step what I am doing will help me to better build a rapport with them as well as giving the patient and the mother a sense of being aware of what is going on, so that if they have any questions I will be able to answer these for them.

It would be pretty apparent that with the symptoms that the patient is experiencing may be due to some type of neurological condition. Patient would then need to be referred to a neurologist for further testing to confirm a proper diagnosis.

                                                           Reference:

Assessment Technologies Institute. (n.d.). Physical assessment (child). Retrieved fromhttp://www.atitesting.com/ati_next_gen/skillsmodules/content/physical-assessment-child/viewing/Neurological-a.html

Sawyer, S. (2012). Pediatric physical examination & health assessment. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Professor question/ needs to be answer.

 Strong work.  When we thinking about our 1st pt-
Considering all aspects of the patient medical history, including the history of close family members, is important to ensure the complete clinical picture is evident. Asking if family members have a history of depression is an important point we must raise during a history assessment of our first patient. Would you agree? 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

week 2 q2 spr

Since I am a team lead on my unit, I frequently teach nursing students or new orientees. I initially chose the article about the nursing student’s first clinical experience- this was a conversation we recently had at work- but the entire article was written in some Nordic language that I can’t read. I was disappointed because I was very interested in the subject.

Gender and poverty in South Africa in the era of HIV/AIDS: A quantitative study.

Research problems: The research problem suggested in this article is the need for further investigation into why this group of under-educated, poverty stricken head of households “single women had a significantly higher HIV prevalence than married, divorced, or widowed women.”

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between gender, socio-economic status, and HIV infection rates.

Objective: The goal of this article was to educate the reader on a correlation between gender, poverty, and HIV infection rates in South Africa. It suggests that as a targeted group with a very high risk, by supporting these women with continued education opportunities and the betterment of their economic status may be an important step in the fight against HIV (Shisana, Rice, Zungu, & Zuma, 2010).

Hypothesis: The single female head of household population in South Africa is more likely to live in poverty, and is at higher risk for HIV infection.

Credibility and Validity: The statements included in the article describing the sources of information, the ratio of males to females, the manner in which they were surveyed, all add to the validity of the research.  “The way samples are selected, responses are measured, and data are managed can all inhibit or enhance validity” (Houser, 2018). As the reader it would be difficult to prove or disprove the facts and figures presented, but we must trust that the process of being published in a respected medical journal would lend itself to the credibility of the sources.

Houser, J. (2018). Nursing Research: Reading, Using and Creating Evidence.Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Shisana, O., Rice, K., Zungu, N., & Zuma, K. (2010). Gender and poverty in South Africa in the era of HIV/AIDS: A quantitative study. Journal of Women’s Healt
 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

Professorr

How about our pediatric pt. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis or JIA is a disease that is Idiopathic, or a disease that has no defined cause. And lastly, this is an Arthritic disease, or a condition that causes the inflammation of fluid fill joints. With the suspicion of possible JIA, as the nurse, what additional question should be asked during the health history, along with possible labs to order, to assist with r/o the possible diagnosis of JIA?  

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

 WEEK 3 discussion

Tam……

Breathing, Heart, and Lungs

An anxious patient is having rapid and shallow breathing. After a few moments, he complains of a tingling sensation.

1)What could be the causes of this tingling sensation?

Anxiety can increase in those patients that are already having rapid and shallow breathing. Hyperventilation added to this can cause the tingling sensation due to a decrease in C02.

2)What are the various patterns of respiration and their significance?

Normal respirations are 10-20 is also called sigh rate, depth is 500-800ml “air moving in and out with each respiration, pattern is even”. (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442). “These values increase as a normal response to exercise, fear, or fever”. (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442).

Tachypnea Hyperventilation Rapid is shallow breathing. Has an increased rate greater than 24 per minute. This rate can increase with respiratory insufficiency, alkalosis, pleurisy, pneumonia, pleurisy, diabetic ketoacidosis, salicylate overdose, hepatic coma and lesions of the midbrain and alteration in blood gas concentration, but it a normal response to fever, fear, or exercise.

Bradypnea Hypoventilation: Slow breathing. Is a decreased but regular rate less than 10 per minute. Can be caused by drugs, increased intracranial pressure and diabetic coma.

 “An irregular shallow pattern caused by an overdose of narcotics or anesthetics” (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442). It may also occur with conscious splinting of the chest to avoid respiratory pain and with prolonged bed rest.

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration: “respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing”. (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442). Breathing periods are 30-45 seconds with about 20 second period of apnea. Common causes are severe heart failure, renal failure, meningitis, drug overdose, and increased intracranial pressure.

Biot Respiration is similar to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, except that the pattern is irregular and seen with head trauma, brain abscess, heat stroke, spinal meningitis, and encephalitis.

3)Ethnicity and culture influence risk factors for heart disease. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Heart disease knows no ethnic/culture. Some risk factors that cause heart disease is obesity, tobacco use and high cholesterol. These are modifiable. In other words, most of these can be prevented. High blood pressure is mainly in the Africa American culture and for some of them, blood pressure can be prevented or at least controlled. If not controlled, it can lead to heart disease.

4)What is the technique of percussion and palpation of the chest wall for tenderness, symmetry, bulges, fremitus, and thoracic expansion? Explain.

To palpate the chest wall, place your hands on the anterolateral wall with your thumbs along the coast margins with hands pointing toward the xiphoid process. You ask the patient to take a deep breath while watching your thumbs move apart symmetrically and take note of the smooth chest expansion with your fingers. “Any limitation in thoracic expansion is easier to detect on the anterior chest because greater range of motion exists with breathing here” (Jarvis 2016 pg. 432).

To assess tactile fremitus, began palpating over the lung apices in the supraclavicular areas comparing vibrations from one side to the other as the person repeats the words ninety-nine.

You then palpate the anterior chest wall looking for tenderness or detect any superficial lumps or masses. Note the skin mobility, turgor, temperature and moisture.

With percussion of the chest, you start at the apices in the supraclavicular area, going to the interspaces, comparing one side with the other, going in a downward motion, down the anterior chest.

5)Would you anticipate hearing hyper-resonance on a patient with a history of tobacco use?  Why or why not?

Yes. Hyperresonance is found when too much air is present like in emphysema which is caused from tobacco use.

6)What are the mechanics of breathing with reference to lung borders and the anatomical structure of the lungs and diaphragm?

Inspiration is the breathing in air into the lungs, the chest wall increases in size. When it is expelled it is caused expiration. This is the mechanical action of breathing. Expansion and contraction. There are four major functions of the respiratory system. Supplying oxygen to the body for energy production, removing carbon dioxide as a waste product of energy reactions, maintaining homeostasis of arterial blood and maintain heat exchange.

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"