Draft Learning Plan

Develop a COMPLETE learning plan, including handouts, worksheets, appropriate links, standards, objectives, content, and assessments. Ues one of the templates posted on Blackboard, or one that is used in your major area or school district.  You are required to submit a draft copy for review.  By submitting this draft you will receive 20 points. After I review this draft I will return it to you with comments and an “as is” score between 0 and 60.  This score will appear as a “placeholder” in your final score for the course.  If it is high you may wish to keep it and do nothing morte to improve your score or you may improve upon it and resubmit it for a final review. 

 
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Draft A Proposal Of 45 Pages For The Development Of An Interprofessional Team To Address A Problem In Delivering Safe High Quality Health Care

  

· Competency 1: Explain the concepts, principles, and characteristics of effective health care leadership.

o Analyze the factors contributing to a problematic health care issue.

· Competency 2: Explain the role of health care leaders in facilitating interprofessional collaboration.

o Explain the need for interprofessional collaboration to improve the quality and safety of health care in specific instances.

o Assess the effectiveness of a particular leadership approach in building and maintaining interprofessional collaborative relationships.

o Develop a collaborative plan for improving the quality and safety of health care in specific instances.

o Determine the leader’s role in implementing collaborative health care improvement projects.

· Competency 4: Determine the influence of the practitioner-scholar role on professional practice and leadership development.

o Determine how the practitioner-scholar model might be applied in resolving a particular health care issue.

· Competency 5: Communicate effectively with diverse audiences, in an appropriate form and style, consistent with applicable organizational, professional, and scholarly standards.

 
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Driving Change

ITS IMPORTANT TO MEET THE COMPETENCES !!!

Develop a 4–6-page proposal for executive leadership that addresses changes you would like to see within your organization that would advance the field of nursing.    

Nursing is in the midst of many changes. In this assessment you will consider how you can be a driving force to bring about needed change within the field of nursing.

 

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

  • Competency 1: Explain strategies for effective interprofessional teamwork and collaboration in health care delivery.       
    • (IMPORTANT) -Analyze barriers and resistance to change, and describe strategies to overcome these barriers and resistance to change from an organization, patients, or colleagues.
    • (IMPORTANT) -Identify other health care professionals to enlist as members of an interprofessional team to drive change in an organization.
  • Competency 2: Analyze the implications of working with interprofessional teams in multifaceted health care settings.       
    • (IMPORTANT) -Analyze how a problem impacts an organization, patients, or the nursing profession. 
  • Competency 3: Develop evidence-based nursing interventions to address specific problems and enable systemic change.       
    • (IMPORTANT) -Describe evidence-based solutions to a problem and develop a plan to implement these solutions. 
  • Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations of a nursing professional.       
    • (IMPORTANT) -Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Use correct APA format.

Assessment Instructions 

  

Preparation

To prepare for this assessment, you will need to think about changes you feel are needed to address a problem either within nursing as a professional field or within the organization where you work. Narrow down your options by considering which change would best be undertaken by an interprofessional team. Some examples for you to consider might include:

  • The use of mobile and portable technology to support patients.
  • Using evidence-based practice (EBP) to improve patient care.
  • Increasing patient safety and quality of care.
  • The use of medical technology such as genes and stem cells, or robots in the OR.
  • Addressing the nursing shortage now and into the future.
  • Improving the work environment (providing calm, supportive spaces for nurses; improved dialog between health care professionals).
  • Better safety for nurses at work (violence, spreading diseases, physical injury).
  • Substance abuse by health care professionals.

Or you can narrow the scope to an issue within your own organization:

  • Developing a mobility program for an inpatient unit.
  • Implementing “smart” technology to assist in patient monitoring.
  • Creating a mentoring program to attract and retain nurses.
  • Implementing protocols for infection control and/or treatment of an epidemic.
  • Developing a plan to eliminate physical violence and verbal abuse in the workplace.
  • Other.

Once you have selected an issue to address, look for scholarly and professional articles that focus on the problem, the needed change, and how interprofessional teams can work together to drive change.

Requirements

Lately you have noticed the need for changes within your organization that would advance the field of nursing. You have decided to develop a proposal and submit it to executive leadership. Format this assessment as a professional proposal. You may want to look at how proposals are drafted within your organization and follow that format. You will still need a references page; follow APA guidelines for in-text citations and references.

Address the following in your proposal:

  • Briefly describe the problem and how it impacts the organization, patients, and/or the nursing profession.
  • Describe possible evidence-based interventions for the problem.
  • Analyze potential barriers and resistance to change that might come from the organization, patients, and/or colleagues.
  • Describe strategies to overcome barriers and resistance to change.
  • Develop a plan to implement evidence-based interventions. What steps would you take? What resources might you need?
  • Identify other health care professionals to enlist as team members to help drive change in the organization.

Your completed assessment should be 4–6 pages in length, not including title page and references page. Support your statements and intervention plan with references to and citations for at least four scholarly or professional resources.

Additional Requirements

  • Include a title page and references page.
  • Reference at least four current scholarly or professional resources.
  • Use APA format for citations and references.
  • Use Times New Roman font, 12 point.
  • Double space.
 
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Driving Change 19324809

Develop a 4–6-page proposal for executive leadership that addresses changes you would like to see within your organization that would advance the field of nursing.    

Nursing is in the midst of many changes. In this assessment you will consider how you can be a driving force to bring about needed change within the field of nursing.

  

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

  • Competency 1: Explain strategies for effective interprofessional teamwork and collaboration in health care delivery.       
    • Analyze barriers and resistance to change, and describe strategies to overcome these barriers and resistance to change from an organization, patients, or colleagues.
    • Identify other health care professionals to enlist as members of an interprofessional team to drive change in an organization.
  • Competency 2: Analyze the implications of working with interprofessional teams in multifaceted health care settings.       
    • Analyze how a problem impacts an organization, patients, or the nursing profession. 
  • Competency 3: Develop evidence-based nursing interventions to address specific problems and enable systemic change.       
    • Describe evidence-based solutions to a problem and develop a plan to implement these solutions. 
  • Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations of a nursing professional.       
    • Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Use correct APA format.

Preparation

To prepare for this assessment, you will need to think about changes you feel are needed to address a problem either within nursing as a professional field or within the organization where you work. Narrow down your options by considering which change would best be undertaken by an interprofessional team. Some examples for you to consider might include:

  • The use of mobile and portable technology to support patients.
  • Using evidence-based practice (EBP) to improve patient care.
  • Increasing patient safety and quality of care.
  • The use of medical technology such as genes and stem cells, or robots in the OR.
  • Addressing the nursing shortage now and into the future.
  • Improving the work environment (providing calm, supportive spaces for nurses; improved dialog between health care professionals).
  • Better safety for nurses at work (violence, spreading diseases, physical injury).
  • Substance abuse by health care professionals.

Or you can narrow the scope to an issue within your own organization:

  • Developing a mobility program for an inpatient unit.
  • Implementing “smart” technology to assist in patient monitoring.
  • Creating a mentoring program to attract and retain nurses.
  • Implementing protocols for infection control and/or treatment of an epidemic.
  • Developing a plan to eliminate physical violence and verbal abuse in the workplace.
  • Other.

Once you have selected an issue to address, look for scholarly and professional articles that focus on the problem, the needed change, and how interprofessional teams can work together to drive change.

Requirements

Lately you have noticed the need for changes within your organization that would advance the field of nursing. You have decided to develop a proposal and submit it to executive leadership. Format this assessment as a professional proposal. You may want to look at how proposals are drafted within your organization and follow that format. You will still need a references page; follow APA guidelines for in-text citations and references.

Address the following in your proposal:

  • Briefly describe the problem and how it impacts the organization, patients, and/or the nursing profession.
  • Describe possible evidence-based interventions for the problem.
  • Analyze potential barriers and resistance to change that might come from the organization, patients, and/or colleagues.
  • Describe strategies to overcome barriers and resistance to change.
  • Develop a plan to implement evidence-based interventions. What steps would you take? What resources might you need?
  • Identify other health care professionals to enlist as team members to help drive change in the organization.

Your completed assessment should be 4–6 pages in length, not including title page and references page. Support your statements and intervention plan with references to and citations for at least four scholarly or professional resources.

Additional Requirements

  • Include a title page and references page.
  • Reference at least four current scholarly or professional resources.
  • Use APA format for citations and references.
  • Use Times New Roman font, 12 point.
  • Double space.
 
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Driving Change 19317113

 Develop a 4–6-page proposal for executive leadership that addresses changes you would like to see within your organization that would advance the field of nursing.

Nursing is in the midst of many changes. In this assessment you will consider how you can be a driving force to bring about needed change within the field of nursing.

 

Preparation

To prepare for this assessment, you will need to think about changes you feel are needed to address a problem either within nursing as a professional field or within the organization where you work. Narrow down your options by considering which change would best be undertaken by an interprofessional team. Some examples for you to consider might include:

  • The use of mobile and portable technology to support patients.
  • Using evidence-based practice (EBP) to improve patient care.
  • Increasing patient safety and quality of care.
  • The use of medical technology such as genes and stem cells, or robots in the OR.
  • Addressing the nursing shortage now and into the future.
  • Improving the work environment (providing calm, supportive spaces for nurses; improved dialog between health care professionals).
  • Better safety for nurses at work (violence, spreading diseases, physical injury).
  • Substance abuse by health care professionals.

Or you can narrow the scope to an issue within your own organization:

  • Developing a mobility program for an inpatient unit.
  • Implementing “smart” technology to assist in patient monitoring.
  • Creating a mentoring program to attract and retain nurses.
  • Implementing protocols for infection control and/or treatment of an epidemic.
  • Developing a plan to eliminate physical violence and verbal abuse in the workplace.
  • Other.

Once you have selected an issue to address, look for scholarly and professional articles that focus on the problem, the needed change, and how interprofessional teams can work together to drive change.

Requirements

Lately you have noticed the need for changes within your organization that would advance the field of nursing. You have decided to develop a proposal and submit it to executive leadership. Format this assessment as a professional proposal. You may want to look at how proposals are drafted within your organization and follow that format. You will still need a references page; follow APA guidelines for in-text citations and references.

Address the following in your proposal:

  • Briefly describe the problem and how it impacts the organization, patients, and/or the nursing profession.
  • Describe possible evidence-based interventions for the problem.
  • Analyze potential barriers and resistance to change that might come from the organization, patients, and/or colleagues.
  • Describe strategies to overcome barriers and resistance to change.
  • Develop a plan to implement evidence-based interventions. What steps would you take? What resources might you need?
  • Identify other health care professionals to enlist as team members to help drive change in the organization.

Your completed assessment should be 4–6 pages in length, not including title page and references page. Support your statements and intervention plan with references to and citations for at least four scholarly or professional resources.

Additional Requirements

  • Include a title page and references page.
  • Reference at least four current scholarly or professional resources.
  • Use APA format for citations and references.
  • Use Times New Roman font, 12 point.
  • Double space.
 
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Driving Change 19132331

ITS IMPORTANT TO MEET THE COMPETENCES !!!

Develop a 4–6-page proposal for executive leadership that addresses changes you would like to see within your organization that would advance the field of nursing.    

Nursing is in the midst of many changes. In this assessment you will consider how you can be a driving force to bring about needed change within the field of nursing.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

  • Competency 1: Explain strategies for effective interprofessional teamwork and collaboration in health care delivery.            
    • (IMPORTANT) -Analyze barriers and resistance to change, and describe strategies to overcome these barriers and resistance to change from an organization, patients, or colleagues.
    • (IMPORTANT) -Identify other health care professionals to enlist as members of an interprofessional team to drive change in an organization.
  • Competency 2: Analyze the implications of working with interprofessional teams in multifaceted health care settings.            
    • (IMPORTANT) -Analyze how a problem impacts an organization, patients, or the nursing profession. 
  • Competency 3: Develop evidence-based nursing interventions to address specific problems and enable systemic change.            
    • (IMPORTANT) -Describe evidence-based solutions to a problem and develop a plan to implement these solutions. 
  • Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations of a nursing professional.           
    • (IMPORTANT) -Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. Use correct APA format.

Assessment Instructions 

Preparation

To prepare for this assessment, you will need to think about changes you feel are needed to address a problem either within nursing as a professional field or within the organization where you work. Narrow down your options by considering which change would best be undertaken by an interprofessional team. Some examples for you to consider might include:

  • The use of mobile and portable technology to support patients.
  • Using evidence-based practice (EBP) to improve patient care.
  • Increasing patient safety and quality of care.
  • The use of medical technology such as genes and stem cells, or robots in the OR.
  • Addressing the nursing shortage now and into the future.
  • Improving the work environment (providing calm, supportive spaces for nurses; improved dialog between health care professionals).
  • Better safety for nurses at work (violence, spreading diseases, physical injury).
  • Substance abuse by health care professionals.

Or you can narrow the scope to an issue within your own organization:

  • Developing a mobility program for an inpatient unit.
  • Implementing “smart” technology to assist in patient monitoring.
  • Creating a mentoring program to attract and retain nurses.
  • Implementing protocols for infection control and/or treatment of an epidemic.
  • Developing a plan to eliminate physical violence and verbal abuse in the workplace.
  • Other.

Once you have selected an issue to address, look for scholarly and professional articles that focus on the problem, the needed change, and how interprofessional teams can work together to drive change.

Requirements

Lately you have noticed the need for changes within your organization that would advance the field of nursing. You have decided to develop a proposal and submit it to executive leadership. Format this assessment as a professional proposal. You may want to look at how proposals are drafted within your organization and follow that format. You will still need a references page; follow APA guidelines for in-text citations and references.

Address the following in your proposal:

  • Briefly describe the problem and how it impacts the organization, patients, and/or the nursing profession.
  • Describe possible evidence-based interventions for the problem.
  • Analyze potential barriers and resistance to change that might come from the organization, patients, and/or colleagues.
  • Describe strategies to overcome barriers and resistance to change.
  • Develop a plan to implement evidence-based interventions. What steps would you take? What resources might you need?
  • Identify other health care professionals to enlist as team members to help drive change in the organization.

Your completed assessment should be 4–6 pages in length, not including title page and references page. Support your statements and intervention plan with references to and citations for at least four scholarly or professional resources.

Additional Requirements

  • Include a title page and references page.
  • Reference at least four current scholarly or professional resources.
  • Use APA format for citations and references.
  • Use Times New Roman font, 12 point.
  • Double space.
 
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Draft Qualitative Research

Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two qualitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part 1” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses.

Use the practice problem and two qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.

In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two qualitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

 
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Draft Prospective

  

Draft Prospective

Instructions 

Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language

Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language

Sources need to be journal/scholarly articles. 

Use only articles that are published between 2015-2018 (except for your theory articles which will be older as you must cite primary sources).

No textbook or direct quotes

I have attached the Rubric

My project is CLABSI prevention

Instructions

Development of the prospectus is an iterative process that lays the foundation for your DPI Project. The prospectus will also assist your project chair in providing valuable feedback to guide you in your project development.

General Requirements:

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:

  • Locate      and download the most recent version of the prospectus template in the DC      Network (http://dc.gcu.edu).      This document has help and criteria information embedded to assist you in      the completion of the prospectus.
  • Locate      “The 10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus, Proposal, and Direct      Practice Improvement Project” document (completed in previous      courses). You will use information from this document to write the      prospectus and attach this document as an appendix in the prospectus.
  • Review “Academic Quality Review Checklist      (AQR)” (Chapters 1-3 only) for use in writing the prospectus.
  • Doctoral      learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The      APA Style Guide is located in the      Student Success Center.
  • This      assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment      to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • You      are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the      directions in the Student Success Center.

Directions:

Complete a draft of your DPI Project prospectus according to the instructions and criteria provided in each section of the prospectus template. The draft should include information taken from “The 10 Strategic Points for the Prospectus, Proposal, and Direct Practice Improvement Project” document (from previous courses). Use the “Academic Quality Review Checklist (AQR)” (Chapters 1-3 only) to assist you in writing this prospectus. Include the following sections in the prospectus:

  1. Introduction:      Provide an overview of your project.
  2. Background      of the Problem: Provide an overview of the history and present state of      the problem.
  3. Theoretical      Foundations: Identify and describe one or two theories or models to be      used to inform the project. Identifies the seminal      source for each theory or model (a seminal      source may be quite old and may be      published in a textbook). Illustrate how the theory or model will      inform your project.
  4. Review      of the Literature/Themes: Describe the main and subthemes of your project.      You should begin with at least three main themes with three subthemes      each. Your literature review will eventually be 30+ pages with over 50      references (85% of these references must be from primary sources that is less than 5 years.
  5. Problem      Statement: Specify the problem proposed for the project by presenting a      clear declarative statement that begins with “It is not known . . .      .” Identify the need for the project. Identify the broad population      (not the sample) for the project. Describe how this project may contribute      to solving the problem.
  6. Purpose      of the Project: Describe the purpose      of this project. Use a declarative statement “The purpose of this      project is to . . . .” Describe the methodology and design. Describe      the specific population that this project will affect and how this project      will contribute to the field.
  7. Clinical      Questions and Variables: Provide a brief introduction to the question      portion. State your clinical questions or PICOT questions. Describe and      operationally define each variable of interest.
  8. Significance of the Project: Provide an      overview of how this project fits with other research in the field. Be      specific and relate to other studies. How will this project contribute to      the research overall? What is the expected value?
  9. Rationale for Methodology: Clearly justify the methods chosen for      this project. Ensure the methods      align with the project questions or PICOT questions. Describe why this      method is the best fit.
  10. Nature      of the Project Design: Describe the design you have chosen for this      project. Discuss why this design is appropriate based on the method chosen and the project questions.
  11. Instrumentation      or Sources of Data: Describe the sources of data you will use. One source must be a valid and reliable tool,      survey, or questionnaire. You may use your discussion question from Topic      3 to assist with this section. Describe in detail all data collection      instruments. Describe the validity and reliability of each as appropriate      (one must be valid and reliable).
  12. Data      Collection Procedures: Describe step by step how you will collect data.      All major steps need to be described. Include a discussion of      project sample recruitment, sample selection, and assignment to groups (as      applicable). Describe the process of obtaining informed consent, if      applicable.
  13. Data      Analysis Procedures: Begin by describing your demographic data from your      participants. How will you analyze this data using descriptive statistics?      Restate each project question or PICOT question. For each question, describe in detail what      inferential statistics you will use to analyze your data. Include steps to      ensure your data meet the assumptions for each inferential statistic used.      Describe the a priori alpha level you plan to use.
  14. Ethical      Considerations: Provide a description of      ethical issues related to your project and how you plan to deal with them.      Consider your methodology, design, and data collection. Compare to a      randomized controlled trial. Address anonymity, confidentiality, privacy,      lack of coercion, informed consent, and potential conflicts of interest.      Discuss how you plan to adhere to the Belmont Report key principles (respect, justice,      beneficence).
 
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Drug Use And Abuse 18952201

 

hi dear,

I just need to response to this assignment,

 responses should be complete paragraph  and should further the conversation using personal experience, information from the textbook or other outside sources, asking questions, and more.  Think about how your classmates answered differently or similarly to you. What did you learn from their post?  What was most surprising or interesting?  What do you agree with or disagree with? Your responses might spark some comments and feedback for one another. 

 

Cocaine 

1. Behavioral effects: The behavioral effects to using cocaine are hyperverbal, energetic, and alertness (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2017). Sometimes people will even be hypersensitive to sigh, touch, and sound when under the influence of cocaine (NIH, 2017). Just like most drugs, and everyone has a slightly different experience.

2. Physiological effects: The physiological effects of cocaine use are dilated pupils, elevated body temperature, and rapid heart rate (NIH, 2017). Larger amounts of cocaine use can also increase the high. When the high is increased other physical behaviors can happen. Some of these behaviors are restlessness, irritability, anxiety, and paranoia (NIH, 2017).

3. Acute health effects: Acute health effects of cocaine are irregular heart rhythm, stomach pains, and strokes (NIH, 2017).

4. Chronic health effects:Chronic health effects of cocaine are organ damage, or even cause organ failure. Some effects are restricted blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract, ulcers, weight loss, and even malnourishment (NIH, 2017). Cocaine  can even cause cardiac issues such as inflammation of the heart muscle and aortic ruptures (NIH, 2017).

5. Combining with other drugs: Yes when you combine cocaine with other drugs is bad. There are many risk of combining drugs. One example is heroin and cocaine. Cocaine wants to use more oxygen, and the heroin causes the respiratory rate slow down (The dangers of mixing drugs).

6. What surprised me:It really surprises me that drugs are still a massive issue in the world for recreational uses. I find it interesting how some people get very addicted, some people use everyone once in a while, and how some people don’t ever touch them. Working in the medical field really opened my eyes to many different drugs. I understand how different drugs work, and what they do to the body. On a medical standpoint drugs are very interesting and amazing, but when used for personal use they do some horrific things to you.

7llLegalization of all drugs:I think that legalization of all drugs should be done. I think if we legalized all drugs that there would be a better regulations. Legalization might help get a log of the terrible mixed street drugs out, and possibly prevent some people from having massive medical issues. I understand that no matter what, drugs will still be readily available on the streets, but maybe with drugs being regulated people could get help in a better, and control the substance abuse.

8. Decriminalization of all drugs: I think decriminalization of all drugs might be a good idea for possession of small quantities of drugs. I like this idea, because I feel like our prison are very impacted, and that true criminals are not going to prison. Just because these people go to jail for possession of drugs, do not mean they stop them once they our out. I also like the idea that treatment is an options as well.

Thanks,

 
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Drug Use And Abuse 18951137

 

hi dear,

can you help me to finish this assignment with good quality and be on time please?

follow the instruction blow. there’s attachments of example and sources of information. the example is very clear.

  

Discussion Questions

Research and report on the acute and long-term physical and behavioral effects of a drug of your choice and discuss opinions on the legalization of drugs.

1. Choose a substance described in your readings for the first three weeks of the class. 

Answer the following 8 questions about the substance, using your sources:

1. What are the behavioral effects of the substance? (cite your source)

2. What are the physiological effects of the substance? (cite your source)

3. What are the acute health effects of using this substance? (cite your source)

4. What are the chronic health effects of using this substance? (cite your source)

5. Are any of these effects worse when combined with other drugs? Which ones? (cite your source)

6. What did you learn that surprised you the most? (no citation needed)

In order to answer questions 7 & 8, WATCH THESE THREE SHORT VIDEOS to learn the difference between legalization and decriminalization of drugs. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OP8JFKMTcQ Big Think The Harvard economist explains why legalizing all drugs—including cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine—would be a better policy than the current prohibition.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_0CN_42YWg Dr. Carl Hart on Legalization vs Decriminalization of Drugs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQJ7n-JpcCk How Portugal Successfully Tackled Its Drug Crisis

Then read the following from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_liberalization.

Drug legalization

Drug legalization calls for a return to the pre-20th century situation in which almost all drugs were legal. This would require ending government-enforced prohibition on the distribution or sale and personal use of specified (or all) currently banned drugs. Proposed ideas range from full legalization which would completely remove all forms of government control, to various forms of regulated legalization, where drugs would be legally available, but under a system of government control which might mean for instance:

· Mandated labels with dosage and medical warnings,

· Restrictions on advertising,

· Age limitations,

· Restrictions on amount purchased at one time,

· Requirements on the form in which certain drugs would be supplied,

· Ban on sale to intoxicated persons,

· Special user licenses to purchase particular drugs.

· A possible clinical setting for the consumption of some intravenous drugs and/or supervised consumption.

The regulated legalization system would probably have a range of restrictions for different drugs, depending on their perceived risk, so while some drugs would be sold over the counter in pharmacies or other licensed establishments, drugs with greater risks of harm might only be available for sale on licensed premises where use could be monitored and emergency medical care made available. Examples of drugs with different levels of regulated distribution in most countries include: caffeine (coffee, tea), nicotine (tobacco), and ethyl alcohol (beer, wine, and spirits).

Full legalization is often proposed by groups such as libertarians who object to drug laws on moral grounds, while regulated legalization is suggested by groups such as Law Enforcement Against Prohibition who object to the drug laws on the grounds that they fail to achieve their stated aims and instead greatly worsen the problems associated with use of prohibited drugs, but who acknowledge that there are harms associated with currently prohibited drugs which need to be minimized. Not all proponents of drug re-legalization necessarily share a common ethical framework, and people may adopt this viewpoint for a variety of reasons. In particular, favoring drug legalization does not imply approval of drug use. 

Drug decriminalization

Drug decriminalization calls for reduced control and penalties compared to existing laws. Proponents of drug decriminalization generally support the use of fines or other punishments to replace prison terms, and often propose systems whereby illegal drug users who are caught would be fined, but would not receive a permanent criminal record as a result. A central feature of drug decriminalization is the concept of harm reduction.

Drug decriminalization is in some ways an intermediate between prohibition and legalization, and has been criticized as being “the worst of both worlds”, in that drug sales would still be illegal, thus perpetuating the problems associated with leaving production and distribution of drugs to the criminal underworld, while also failing to discourage illegal drug use by removing the criminal penalties that might otherwise cause some people to choose not to use drugs. However, there are many that argue that the decriminalization of possession of drugs would redirect focus of the law enforcement system of any country to put more effort into arresting dealers and big time criminals, instead of arresting minor criminals for mere possession, and thus be more effective.

In 2001 Portugal began treating use and possession of small quantities of drugs as a public health issue. This means rather than incarcerating those in possession they are referred to a treatment program. The drugs are still illegal, the police just handles the situation differently. This also decreases the amount of money the government spends fighting a war on drugs and money spent keeping drug users incarcerated. “As noted by the EMCDDA, across Europe in the last decades, there has been a movement toward “an approach that distinguishes between the drug trafficker, who is viewed as a criminal, and the drug user, who is seen more as a sick person who is in need of treatment” (EMCDDA 2008, 22).6 A number of Latin American countries have similarly moved to reduce the penalties associated with drug use and personal possession” (Laqueur, 2015, p. 748). Portugal is the first country that has decriminalized the possession of small amounts of drugs, to positive results. Anyone caught with any type of drug in Portugal, if it is for personal consumption, will not be imprisoned.

7. LEGALIZATION: Do you think that all drugs should be legalized in general? Why or why not? (See pages 340-341 in the textbook). (No citation needed)

8. DECRIMINALIZATION: Do you think that all drugs should be decriminalized like Portugal did? Why or why not? (no citation needed)

Format: Use the following headings: (See sample post – a separate document)

1. Behavioral effects

2. Physiological effects

3. Acute health effects

4. Chronic health effects

5. Combining with other drugs

6. What surprised me 

7. Legalization of all drugs

8. Decriminalization of all drugs

Sources: 

· Because this is college, you need to use at least TWO academic sources: from government reports or scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles. This will give you experience doing academic research. You can use the course textbook or other sources as additional sources, but they will not count as one of the two required sources.  Read the handout (below) on scholarly sources.

· Use the NU library to find your sources. If you don’t know how, contact the NU library for help. 

· Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from an article). 

· Do NOT use any quotations.  Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.

· Use in-text citations. Write the source of your information at the end of the applicable sentences using APA 6th edition format.  This will give you practice using APA to cite references. 

· List all the references in APA 6th Edition format at the end of your post in a References list. 

NOTE: If you are new to APA, I recommend that you use an online citation builder such as APA Style Central http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/ or the NU library database to automatically format your references correctly. You can also get help from the Writing Center https://nu.mywconline.com/ and the NU library on how to use APA to cite references. 

READ THE DISCUSSION RUBRIC BEFORE YOU START. COMPARE WHAT YOU WRITE WITH THE RUBRIC. READ THE SAMPLE POST BEFORE YOU START.

IMPORTANT: Do NOT submit your first draft. First, read what you wrote out loud. Check for:

– Missing words or letters

– Missing or misplaced periods, apostrophes, commas 

– Incomplete sentences

– 2 or more sentences strung together that should be made into separate sentences

– Putting something is past tense that should be in present tense or vice versa

– Plural words that should be singular or singular words that should be plural

– Making the verb and subject match (plural or tense) 

AFTER you make these corrections, then post your discussion

Then post 2 responses to other student posts, at least 5-6 full sentences long. You do not need to include any citations in your responses, but you can if you would like. 

LIBRARY RESOURCES

URL: http://library.nu.edu

Contact the Library – [email protected] or (858) 541-7900

1-866-NU ACCESS x 7900 (toll free)

This class also has a special NU library page that was created by librarian Zemirah Lee to help you do research http://nu.libguides.com/coh318

It contains references related to our assignments. Zem is available by appointment for one-hour consultations to help you find sources, format in APA and more.  

APA RESOURCES

· https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/06/ 1-page instruction on Reference List format

· http://nu.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=8766101 2-page handout on APA

· http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/learn/browse/QG-29 Short video on in text citations

· http://nu.libguides.com/training/apa_basics 13 minute video overview on APA

· www.apastyle.com website with many APA resource links

  • http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/learn/browse/QG-57 Short video on how to format your Reference list
  • http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/learn/browse/QG-24  Short video on      how to order your Reference list correctly

[email protected] 858-541-7940

http:nu.libguides.com/consultation  

 
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