Discuss the use of antibiotic therapy when treating ear and throat pain in both children and adults. What is considered standard of care?  Include professional guidelines and recommendations. 

Your writing Assignment should:follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; anduse APA 6th Edition format as outlined in the APA Progression Ladder.

 

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Karel,

 

Practice

For effectivecare in end of life management, nurses or APRN need to operate within a standard platform when practisingprimary palliative care. This is also evident in a study by Ramanayake, Dilanka, and Premasiri, which reveals that establishing palliative care models, and encouraging doctors and nurses to learn informative palliative care principles through improved skills and opportunities need to possible in order to address the future challenges (Ramanayake, Dilanka, & Premasiri, 2016). Therefore, nurses or APRN need to have a standard knowledge on how best to conduct primary palliative care in order toensure effectivecare in end of life management. This is vital in establishing discipline and professional when practisingprimary palliative care to the patient that isin pain and face near death situations. 

Education

Integration of primary palliative care into curricula in medical institutions and schools of nursing is essential in providing effective care in end of life management for APRN. By achieving this, nurses and practitioners are able to understand the scope of palliative care as well as the disease and its implications. Therefore, education through the integrationof primary palliative care into curriculaenables APRN to communicate effectivelyand professionally without compromising the integrity of their work. According to a studyby Zimmerman, “effective communication is the cornerstone of palliative care,”(Zimmerman, 2015). This means that by training nurses and practitioners on how to communicate effectively through the integrationof primary palliative care into curricula, they are able to understand the standard way of helping their patientswithout incurring any legal consequences. Practitioners and nurses need to understand the principles and knowledge required to successfully manage end of life care. 

Research

In order to understand whether the standard practices and education approached used in primary palliative care are effective, nurses or APRN need to research and gather more evidence across all dimension of end-of-lifecare. Based on a studybyVisser, Hadley, and Wee, it is argued that starting a treatment simply on the basis of agreement among colleagues is no longer an acceptable practice(Visser, Hadley, & Wee, 2015). There is a needfor more evidence-based care in different angles of the endof life care to make an informed decision. This means that doctors, nurses or APRN need to sure that there hasbeen actual evidence that the primary palliative care practice actually works before engaging in it. This makes primary palliative care much safer; while at the same time provide effectivecare in end of life management across different dimensions. 

Administration

Establishing a work environment where excellent standard care is extended through the patient’s death and into post-death care for families not only demonstrates compassion by the APRN or nursesbut also demonstrates respect to the patient and his or her families during and after death. A study by Parris and Halereveals that the exact role of physician or nurses during and after the death of a patientis not clearly defined in primary palliative care (Parris & Hale, 2017). Therefore, APRN needsto ensure that there is a standard guideline on how to handle patient’s death and post-death process, understand the basics of logistics after a patient has died, how to support their grieving families and the bestway to avoid adverse events in the care of the deceased. 

References

Parris, J., & Hale, A. (2017). Death and Dignity: Exploring Physicians’ Responsibilities After a Patient’s Death. Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, 1- 4. Retrieved from https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)30483-7/pdf

Ramanayake, R. P., Dilanka, G. V., & Premasiri, L. W. (2016, April). Palliative care; role of family physicians. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5084539/

Visser, C., Hadley, G., & Wee, B. (2015, September). Reality of evidence-based practice in palliative care. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4607825/

Zimmerman, C. T. (2015, July 27). The Importance of Palliative Medical Education in Fellowship. Retrieved from Amrican Society of Clinical Oncology: https://connection.asco.org/magazine/career/importance-palliative-medical-education-fellowship

Dianelys,

 

Palliative care is the ability to improve efficiency, coordination, and quality of healthcare outcomes for patients and their families (Payne et al., 2017). Patients can use their skills to manage and recognize symptoms. Nurses are required to have skills and knowledge to manage pain as well as other symptoms associated with terminal diseases. APRNs, therefore, work with patients and the patient’s family in end-of-life and palliative care decision making.

Specialist education and certification is essential to APRNs as it ensures that they have skills. One of the barriers to quality palliative care is lack of workforce (Meier, 2011). Certifications and education will ensure that there is adequate workforce to meet the needs of patients. Therefore, when a nurse gets education and certification, they will likely use palliative care to patients with terminal illness and who are at the end of their lives.

Evidence-based care involves use of scientific research as means of delivering patient care. The use of evidence-based care allows an APRN to care that is specific to a certain patient and as a result improving the outcome of health services (Duke University Medical Center, n.d.). This because it allows integration of a patient’s values and beliefs into the health care delivery. Therefore, given that it combines clinical expertise, best research evidence, and patient values and preferences, the best or optimal clinical outcomes are achieved (Duke University Medical Center, n.d.).

Promoting work environments where by standards for excellent care is adhered to is important in providing end-of-life care. Healthcare facilities have the capability of creating and enforcing policies that enhance palliative care among the workforce. This involves ensuring that from the time a patient is received in a facility to the moment he or she dies, there is accessible palliative care. Health care facilities can always insist on optimal care for patients with serious illness. This will help nurses to be aware that they always need to provide optimal care for patients at the end-of-life. Nurses can continue with caring for the family members even after death. This can include honoring cultural and religious requirements or wishes of the dead and his/her family (Henry & Wilson, 2012).

References

Duke University Medical Center. (n.d.). LibGuides: Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice : Overview. Retrieved from https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/c.php?g=158201&p=1036021

Henry, C., & Wilson, J. (2012, May 8). Personal care at the end of life and after death. Retrieved from https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/end-of-life-and-palliative-care/personal-care-at-the-end-of-life-and-after-death/5044559.article

Meier, D. E. (2011). Increased Access to Palliative Care and Hospice Services: Opportunities to Improve Value in Health Care. Milbank Quarterly, 89(3), 343-380. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00632.x

Payne, S., Eastham, R., Hughes, S., Varey, S., Hasselaar, J., & Preston, N. (2017). Enhancing integrated palliative care: what models are appropriate? A cross-case analysis. BMC Palliative Care, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12904-017-0250-8

 

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Please answer to this discussion post with a minimum of 200 words, cited, APA style. 

________________________________________________________________________________________

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention who Health Screenings are examinations and tests to look for a disease before patients develop any symptoms. It is important because from a medical perspective prevention is better than cure. It is also often easier to treat or indeed cure a condition in its early stages systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services.  The purpose of screening individuals or populations is to reduce the risk of death or future ill health from a specific condition by offering a test intended to help identify people who could benefit from treatment.  Long and Colorectal cancer screening are tow among others recommendations from US preventing task force.

Lung Cancer (both small cell and non-small cell) is the second most common cancer in both men and women. The American Cancer Society’s estimates for lung cancer in the United States for 2019 are: About 228,150 new cases of lung cancer (116,440 in men and 111,710 in women) About 142,670 deaths from lung cancer (76,650 in men and 66,020 in women). (Society, 2019)

Summary of Recommendation and Evidence for lung Cancer 

Population: Adults Aged 55-80, with a History of Smoking. The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. The USPSTF updated its definition of and suggestions for practice for the grades A, B, C, D, and I. Lung Cancer Category B. It means that the screening is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.

On the other hand, Colorectal Cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the United States. Excluding skin cancers, it is the third most common cancer in both men and women in the U.S.

Population: 

Adults aged 50 to 75 years. The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years. The risks and benefits of different screening methods vary. Starting with a simple FBOT or FIT test at the office or sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and colonoscopy every 10 years. The recommendation for this group is category A (The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial). 

Adults aged 76 to 85 years. The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient’s overall health and prior screening history. Adults in this age group who have never been screened for colorectal cancer are more likely to benefit. Screening would be most appropriate among adults who 1) are healthy enough to undergo treatment if colorectal cancer is detected and 2) do not have comorbid conditions that would significantly limit their life expectancy. The recommendation for this group is category C (The USPSTF recommends selectively offering or providing this service to individual patients based on professional judgment and patient preferences. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small). (Force, 2014)

References

Force, T. U. (2014, June 12). Recommendations for Primary Care Practice. Retrieved from The U.S. Preventice Services Task Force : https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/recommendations

Society, A. C. (2019, May 17). Cancer Facts and Statistics. Retrieved from American Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics.html

 

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AP Role

How well do you know your future role in advance practice?

The elevator door opens; you step on and find yourself face to face with a known skeptical colleague, who inquires “what are you doing in your profession”? It’s your chance to share, define and possible persuade this person about your chosen role of nursing in advance practice. You have 10 floors, roughly 90 seconds to make an impression. Draft an “Elevator Speech” (approximately 300 words) reflecting the conversation about your future role in your program of study.  In three detailed paragraphs, address why you have chosen this role (your passion) and define steps to ascertain the role including certification criteria and how the role will impact patient outcomes (how you will make a difference).

Support your work with evidence based research. For example, in conversation you tell the person A recent study by Taylor in 2016 showed that NPs were efficient as MDs at treating primary care problems. (Reference at the end) Respond to at least two of your cohorts, faculty and continue the dialogue with those that responded to your initial post. Use references in your responses.

 

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