Need help to answer the essay questions

1. Many organisms that can reproduce both sexually and asexually share a reproductive pattern. When the environment is favorable for growth, reproduction is asexual. When the environment deteriorates, sex occurs. Sexually produced offspring remain dormant until better conditions occur. Which of the theoretical ideas about the function of sex is supported by this observation? And which of the disadvantages of sex are less of a problem?

2. From the point of view of development, how does the life cycle of a bacterium resemble the life cycle of an elephant? How does it differ?

3. If a trait is not well adapted to current local conditions, what might be the reasons why it is not, and how might one check to see which of those reason(s) is correct?

4. In many old texts and in some recent popular articles sex is seen as necessary to provide the genetic variability that will keep species from going extinct when the environment changes significantly. What do you think of this explanation?

5. Do ideas, agricultural practices, or computers evolve in response to natural selection? What then corresponds to reproductive success and to inheritance? How does cultural change connect to biological evolution? Neither reproduction nor inheritance can be as precisely defined for cultural change as they can for biological evolution, but the analogy is worth exploring.

Hints for each question:

Here are a few hints for your essay answers. Grades of 90-100 do not involve simple answers or definitions. They must include examples and well thought out arguments. References from the text or our discussions must be included.

1. Find something that normally reproduces asexually but in times of stress reproduces sexually. How does this happen? What does it gain the organisms that do this? Why not always reproduce sexually? What is the benefit of typical asexual reproduction?

2. Think life processes and development.  Think about reproduction of each….reproduction at maturity…but also reproduction on a cellular basis ; Similarities and differences of life processes related to development.  Think of DNA and genetic material.

3. Think sickle cell anemia and our class discussions. Or provide a different example altogether but your answer must include a well described example.

4. What about bacteria and antibiotic resistance?

5. Address the meaning of natural selection and evolution.

Following is a list of 21 questions. You should be able to address/answer each one of them in order to be prepared for the multiple choice section. Prof

1. What is the most important evolutionary difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

2. How do haplontic and diplontic life cycles differ from each other?

3. Why is bacterial conjugation often described as a form of sex, even though it differs in many respects from eukaryotic sex?

4. Sexual selection only began to operate after the evolution of sperm and eggs because:

5. What correctly defines anisogamy?

6. Sex has many disadvantages, including what happening to favorable gene combinations?

7. An asexual genetic system is less vulnerable to the spread of “selfish” genes than a sexual system. True or false?

8. What is considered a life-history trait? What is not considered a life history trait?

9. What kind of variation in a population is represented explicitly in demographic models?

10. A comprehensive understanding of life-history evolution requires what types of information

11. Plants living in an environment with growing seasons that vary unpredictably in length mature:

12. Reproductive investment is determined by the product of the number of offspring and

13. An adaptation is best defined as

14. Which of the following conditions are necessary for adaptive evolution in a trait to occur?

I. Variation among individuals in lifetime reproductive success. II. Inheritance of acquired characters. III. Heritable variation in the trait. IV. Little to no genetic variation.

15. The individual features (i.e., phenotypic traits) of all organisms are the result of

16. What are possible evolutionary consequences of neutral genetic variation?

17. What is the relationship between genetic drift and population size?

18. Additive genetic variance is

19. The most likely explanation for the high amounts of molecular genetic variation observed in populations under study is:

20. The maintenance of quantitative genetic variation underlying quantitative traits is most likely maintained by:

21. Reaction norm analysis demonstrates that …

 

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Many topics of interest and importance are covered during the course; Week 8, especially, provides an opportunity to explore several, often overlooked topics that are critical to our understanding in the discussion of the psychology of disaster. For your course project, you are tasked with selecting one of the following areas, presented during week seven of the course, and examining a disaster event, using the selected area as the foundation of your work. The areas from which you may select include:

· Secondary Traumatic Stress (Effects of disasters on first responders/BH providers)

· Environmental Vulnerabilities and Considerations

· Critical Infrastructure Failures

· Disaster in School Environments 

· In a 8 to 12 slide PowerPoint presentation, identify a recent disaster event (within the most recent 10 years), providing a description of the major events of the disaster leading up to, during, and after the event, to the extent possible. 

o Incorporating the selected area above, discuss, with detail and support, how the area is illustrated in the disaster event.

· Explore how the selected element influenced disaster response efforts. 

o Provide details of the ways in which these influences were observed. 

o Discuss any barriers presented by the selected element in providing effectual behavioral health interventions. 

· Prepare a plan describing how the challenges experienced might be more effectively navigated using the principles of disaster behavioral health learned throughout the course. 

o Share the steps and resources you would deploy to overcome or avoid the challenges faced in the selected element. 

In developing your work, be sure to rely upon academic, scholarly sources to support the definitions and recommendations provided. Ensure the plan presented is based upon evidenced based practices established in the field as effective in addressing psychological needs in disaster settings. 

Work should be submitted in a PowerPoint file or other compatible file, and be 8 to 12 slides in length, excluding the required title slide and separate reference slide. Detailed speaker notes should accompany slides containing mostly bullet point data to include the details expected in the instructions above. 

Scholarly sources should be cited both in-text and on the reference page of the submission. A minimum of three academic, scholarly sources are required to be cited in the work. 

 

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Many textbooks are now available in two versions, a high priced domestic version and a low priced international version. Each version generally contains exactly the same text, but slightly altered homework problems.

a. why whould a textbook publisher go to trouble to produce two versions of same text?

b. Discuss whether the publisher’s strategy would be more effective if it made the alterations secret, or if it announced them boldly.

c. the production of international versions of textbooks was concurrent with the explosion of internet. Explain why this is likely to be more than just a concidence.

 

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Many species of birds are behaviorally adapted to migrate from one area to another as the seasons change. Often, this migration involves the birds flying north toward the Arctic during the summer and returning south during the winter. These birds have most likely adapted their behavior of migration because it allows them to

 

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