I will pay for the following essay To what extent can Chandlers model of large-scale, integrated managerial enterprise explain the long-term competitiveness of leading economies. The essay is to be 10 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

Expressing my opinion, this model has not been followed entirely by all the leading economies in the world.

To be discussed in the essay is a brief explanation of Chandler’s theory of large scale managerial enterprise its applications and bottlenecks. I will provide justification of my opinion by using the enterprise system in Japan and China with a focus on the role externalities such as the availability of funds, role of the government as well as business networks and groups. With these, examples this paper will explain the theories of capitalism and entrepreneurship and how they have enabled those using the system gain competitive advantage.

Chandler’s concept of the visible hand premises the origin of the firm and its growth prospects. He argues that the existence of the firm is fundamentally to achieve coordination in an effective manner than the market in order to enjoy productivity gains. When the gains are easily realized, economies of scale set in.

The model has specific problems associated with it. First, a managerially controlled firm is non-maximiser and thus high profit rates are not as objective and thus cannot be used to measure competitive advantage. Second, the firm though being an efficient cost minimiser, the benefits are not observable since they are being absorbed by high executive salaries and managerial perquisites.

According to Chandler (1997, p14) managerial enterprise is defined as the modern enterprise with numerous operating units carrying out specific functions of production and distribution. It can also be termed as governance structure where investment decisions for current and future activities are made following management hierarchy with expertise and knowledge. All the managers are charged with the responsibility of efficient management of the organizations and they are salaried managers answerable to the board of governors. The large scale

 

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I will pay for the following essay To produce a critique pf Part 4 of the draft Human Tissue and Embryos Bill. The essay is to be 6 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

enly fertilizes the women’s egg with the sperm of some male person other than the husband of that woman, when a couple approaches it in order to use their own gametes for conceiving a child (Sheldon & Sally, 2005).

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 proved to be ineffective in preventing illegal trade in human embryos. For instance, Leeds General Hospital paid £1,500 to women who agreed to participate in an IVF research trial to harvest their eggs. There were reported cases of procuring nearly seventy ova in one cycle from women in the US, which resulted in their death. There are lacunae in the Act of 1990 which allows the trading of eggs that are not meant for fertilisation, moreover, the extraction of eggs imperils the health of women (Dickenson, Mar2004).

In order to comply with the requirements of the European Tissue Directive and consequent to the apprehensions of the citizens of the UK regarding the utilization of human tissue and the various technologies associated with reproduction, the UK Government has conceded that primary legislation and its regulation are essential. Further, the extant law has to be modified in order to cope up with the technological changes and new discoveries, a changing public perception and retain public confidence (Review of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, 2006).

Steps are underway to restructure the Human Fertilization and Embryology Act 1990 of the HFE Act in a manner that would find societal acceptance. Nevertheless, the Government in disinclined to modify issues like the proscription of human reproductive cloning, discontinuance of donor anonymity and the production and utilization of embryos for research purposes. The HFE Act is put into effect by the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority or HFEA, which monitors and controls every facility that indulge in IVF, donor insemination or the storage of eggs, sperm or embryos. Moreover, it is the regulatory authority for all human embryo

 

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I will pay for the following essay TO CREAT A TOPIC USING PICOT CLINICAL QUESTION: Among ICU intubated patients, is continuous lateral rotation therapy, as comp. The essay is to be 5 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

In spite of its continued use, no evidence exists as to its effectiveness in improving pulmonary complications (Vollman, 2010). Continuous lateral rotation therapy has been in use as part of progressive mobility and has been employed in an effort to reduce pulmonary complications resulting from immobility. This therapy was delivered through a continuous motion-bed frames that helped rotate the patient from one side to another. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the therapy in improving pulmonary outcomes in critically ill patients (Sahn, 1991). The mobilization of patients is a broadly accepted practice helping reduce the effect of prolonged bed rest. In spite of this, it is usually difficult to mobilize patients during early acute phases of their illness. CLRT can be used to make up for this deficiency by providing early mobility efficiently to those patients whose critical condition or instability makes it hard to use other forms of mobility. There are several criteria which have been proposed in identifying pulmonary patients who could potentially benefit from CLRT. Methods that can be evaluated quickly and simply are preferred owing to ease in their implementation especially in busy critical-care environments. An example of such a method includes calculation of PaO2/ FIO2 ratio. This ratio shows the effectiveness of transfer of oxygen from the lungs to the hemoglobin in the blood. If this ratio is more than 300, the patient is considered to have minor pulmonary insufficiency, but if the ratio is less than 300, the patient is considered to have acute lung injury. The lower the ratio is, the worse the pulmonary function and vice versa. Setting the desired ratio as 300 helps to achieve the goal of early intervention instead of waiting till the patient deteriorates further. Additionally, other criteria include evaluation of the patients’ oxygen and PEEP requirements so as to achieve normal levels of PaO2. A radiograph is useful to assess for the presence of infiltrates and atelectasis. Bedside staff can easily evaluate these criteria. The most important consideration in the evaluation of potential CLRT patients is consistent assessment of the established criteria basing on the established set standards within the institution. The development of clinical practice outlines, standard of care or care bundle enables consistent implementation and helps improve outcomes. All the members of the care team are to participate actively in the identification of patients who would profit from early progressive mobility therapies like CLRT. Continuous education, evaluation and bedside mentoring are required to effect implementation of new or updated standard or practice( Sandra, 2012). When patients have been identified as suitable candidates for CLRT, there are many obstacles that impede the implementation of CLRT. Often times, transferring a patient from one bed to another seems a difficult task, what with the tubing, the branular and equipment that are connected to the patient. Additionally, those caregivers who will physically lift the patient are exposed to physical risk. There is also time lag between the moment when a patient is identified as suitable for CLRT and receipt of a suitable bed for performing a CLRT. This therefore calls for availability of ready beds capable of CLRT in the intensive care units so that there would be no need for multiple transfers from one bed to another. This would in effect minimize delays. In case such

 

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I will pay for the following essay To compare leadership styles and management styles of three universities in The USA and also to explore the gradual changes on management styles. The essay is to be 25 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page.

The theoretical framework of this study will anchor on various theories of organizational management. The theories shall be considered in terms of how they affect matters of policy and practice of management in the identified institutions.

Case reviews on matters of educational management have revealed changing trends in leadership and management across the globe (Bush, 2010, p. 45). There is evidence of a determined shift from the traditional systems of leadership and management, which were more rigid as compared to the current ones that seem to be more flexible. The traditional systems mainly involved a vertical structure in leadership, wherein the leadership was at the top, making important policy and administrative decisions that affected the operations at all levels of the universities administration (Bush, 2010). Educational institutions that adopted exclusivist policies of leadership favored this system. The current systems have evolved to embrace horizontal structures of leadership where policy matters and decision-making are handled at multiple points of the organization’s structure (McCaffery, 2010). These more developed kinds of leadership and management entail some aspect of devolution where power is distributed evenly across various academic institutions. Both systems have important strengths and weaknesses.

The increasing clamor for liberties and the advocacy for rights of the minorities have had significant impact on the levels and nature of leadership in American universities (Bush & Coleman, 2000). Gender and ethnicity are some of the factors that have been brought within the umbrella of the management and leadership structures of American universities (McCaffery, 2010). Such leadership styles have impacted positively on the nature of leadership by embracing certain qualities that are essentially aimed towards

 

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