I Will Pay For The Following Article What Changes Are To Be Introduced In The Ru

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I will pay for the following article What changes are to be introduced in the Ruritiania central bank law with a new currency law. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Task Changes to be Introduced in the Ruritiania Central Bank Law with a New Currency Law A country can decide to change or amend its currency law. This process involves the Central Bank, which conversely is mandated with various objectives and independence depending with the jurisdiction. This document seeks to identify these factors. It then goes ahead to indicate the changes expected to be introduced in the Rumania Central bank once a new currency law is in place.

Central Banks are usually mandated with distinctive objective. The European Central Bank, for example, under the Monetary Policy Treaty is given the primary objective of maintaining price stability. Policy decisions must be both anticipatory and innovative, considering all relevant information regarding the prospective evolution of prices, and guaranteeing that the final objective is realized in a timely manner (Lamfalussy, 466).

Central banks have generally had the objectives of maintaining price stability, maintaining financial stability and fostering financial development more broadly and to support the state’s financing need in times of crisis (Goodhart). The new Ruritiania Central Bank law should be provided with these operations under the new law.

Like most jurisdictions, the Monetary Policy Treaty in Europe issues the European System of Central Banks full independence to determine the appropriate level of interest rates (Lamfalussy). The years 1930 to 1960 saw government control over central banks (Goodhart). This initiated substantial economic depressions, and was deemed pragmatic. It was this negative impact that led to the independence of central banks all over the globe. The new Ruritiania currency law should provide for the independence of the Central bank if it is to be adopted to avoid encounters such as economic depressions (Giovanoli).

The new Ruritiania law provides for the net foreign exchange reserves. Under Article 5(1) of the law, it is clearly stipulated that the mandate of the central bank shall be to ensure the aggregate amount of its monetary liabilities shall not exceed the equivalent of its foreign exchange reserves. Such aggregate amount of the monetary liabilities as provided under sub-article 2 shall be the sum of all existing banknotes, coins and main units existing in any branch of the central bank, and also any credit balances of all accounts maintained on the books of the central bank and its organizational units.

Article 7 provides for dollarization, a factor that occurs when a country formally discards its own currency and adopts a more unwavering currency of another country as a legal tender with the aim of avoiding macroeconomic risks such as price instability and prolonged depressions, especially in the developing world. In most instances, countries normally tend to turn to the US Dollar (Berg, 289). The central bank is mandated to convert the currency of Ruritania into US Dollars without restriction within the Republic of Ruritania. Adopting a foreign currency as a legal tender usually entails costs and benefits, and it is upon the central bank to weigh between them (Jacome & Lonnberg, 307). Therefore, the Ruritiania new currency law should include measures that tend to weigh properly the pros and cons of dollarization before adopting it.

Articles 5(6(f)) and (7) provides for the guaranteed convertibility of the currency of Ruritania by its central bank. This includes provisions on payment by residents of countries other than the residents of Ruritania in freely convertible foreign currency. The new law should ensure control conversion of foreign currency freely. It should include regulative measures.

The Ruritiania Central Bank law should consequently be amended before it is adopted to prevent the nation from factors such as dollarization and control by the government of the central bank that might lead to economic depressions.

Works Cited

Berg, Andrew and Borensztein, Eduardo. Full Dollarization. the pros and cons. Switzerland:

International Monetary Fund, 2000. P 289.

Giovanoli, Mario, and Devos, Diego. International Monetary and Financial Law: The Global

Crisis. New York: Oxford University Press Inc, 2010. 22.56-22.72.

Goodhart, E. Bank of international settlements. the changing role of central banks.

Switzerland: BIS Press, 2010. P 197.

Lamfalussy, Alexander. Convergence and the role of the European Central Bank. Tokyo: ECB

Press, April 22, 1997. Web. October 2, 2011. P 466.

Jacome, Luis, and Lonnberg, Ake. Implementing official dollarization. Switzerland:

International Monetary Fund Press, 2010. P 307.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article Theories Of Attachment The Work Is To Be 2

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I will pay for the following article Theories of Attachment. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. BONDING: THEORIES OF ATTACHMENT ID Number: of School Word Count: 650Date of Submission: September 14, 2011

BONDING: THEORIES OF ATTACHMENT

The components of a healthy mother-child bonding includes hugging, kissing, cooing, caressing and holding the infant more often, especially in the first few hours after birth. All these are designed to promote early contact between mother and child in which studies showed this in turn leads to increased likelihood of breast-feeding, longer periods of breast-feeding and talking or speaking to the child in a more sensitive manner (Parke & Clarke-Stewart, 2010, p. 114). The importance of healthy bonding is to ensure the very survival of a baby who is overly dependent on the mother, unlike other mammals or animals who can more or less fend for themselves right after birth. New longer-term research studies had likewise shown that bonding occurs not only if the mother cares for the child but also with the fathers (Belluck, 2011, p. 1) in which fatherhood is a crucial component in raising successfully the child and of nurturing a family.

One attachment theory developed by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby had emphasized the need of infants to have one consistent primary caregiver to whom they can attach normally during their social and emotional development, typically from 6 months to 2 years old. Usually, it is the mother that provides the need for an attachment figure but other people may in some cases be acceptable such as the father, the grandmother, the older sibling or close relatives.

Another prominent theory on bonding is the one developed by Klaus and Kennell which states that maternal bonding is important which in turn gave rise to the new practice of bringing a new baby to its mother instead of being brought to the nursery. The theory became controversial as they postulated that maternal deprivation can lead to maladjustments later on such as an eating disorder, personality defects, juvenile delinquency and substance abuse by a failure to bond.

I believe the attachment theory that is best aligned and integrated with my own views of attachment is the single caregiver theory. Infants stick to one caregiver during their first months of existence and any changes will result in the so-called separation anxiety as the infant grows a bit older and able to recognize faces and voices. It is therefore very vital to have only one person as the primary caregiver, maybe relieved by someone else but only for brief periods of time so as not to cause stress, anxiety, fear or other negative emotions on the baby who sees long periods of separation as a threat to its survival. The attachment theory by Bowlby is now generally accepted and is used to guide new therapies and also in formulating social and childcare policies today.

Bonding refers to the feelings of the mother towards her baby while attachment is the strong emotional bond that develops between them. The short-term benefits for the baby is its immediate survival (Rathus, 2010, p. 115) while the longer term effects of good attachment is an ability to later on develop other types of bonding in adult life, again as propounded by Bowlby. The theory of attachment is built on the concept of a close emotional relationship between two persons that in this case, pertains to a mother and her infant or child. The four characteristics of a good bonding-attachment are proximity, separation anxiety, pleasure upon reuniting and lastly, a general orientation of an infants behavior towards the primary caregiver being just around or in a nearby place (close proximity) for its own reassurance (Maccoby, 1980, p. 81).

Any caregiver must therefore pay close attention to these four factors or characteristics in caring for the infant. Additionally, Klaus and Kennell had also proposed their separate theory of skin-to-skin contact to develop stronger and closer bonds by experimenting with two groups of newly-born infants. At any rate, bonding develops later on to be used as schema in adulthood.

References

Belluck, P. (2011, September 12). “In study, fatherhood leads to drop in testosterone.” The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/13/health/research/13testosterone.html?src=ISMR_AP_LO_MST_FB

Maccoby, E. E. (1980). Social development: psychological growth and the parent-child relationship. CA, USA: Harcourt-Brace Jovanovich.

Parke, R. D. & Clarke-Stewart, A. (2010). Social development. MA, USA: John Wiley & Sons.

Rathus, S. A. (2010). CDEV. CA, USA: Cengage Learning-Wadsworth.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article Week 5 Individual Assignment The Work Is To

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I will pay for the following article Week 5 Individual Assignment. The work is to be 8 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. is one-tailed (Left tailed) and we want to determine whether there has been a reduction in the weight of individuals who joined Weight Reducers International.

Since the z-test statistic is less than -1.645 therefore at the 5% significance level, we have sufficient evidence to conclude that those who will join Weight Reducers International on average will lose less than 10 pounds.

Dole Pineapple, Inc., is concerned that the 16-ounce can of sliced pineapple is being overfilled. Assume the standard deviation of the process is .03 ounces. The quality control department took a random sample of 50 cans and found that the arithmetic mean weight was 16.05 ounces. At the 5 percent level of significance, can we conclude that the mean weight is greater than 16 ounces? Determine the p-value.

We will reject the null hypothesis if the z-test statistic is greater than 1.645 (z &gt. 1.645) since the test is one-tailed (Right tailed) and we want to determine whether 16-ounce can of sliced pineapple is being overfilled.

A recent article in The Wall Street Journal reported that the 30-year mortgage rate is now less than 6 percent. A sample of eight small banks in the Midwest revealed the following 30-year rates (in percent):

We will reject the null hypothesis if t-test statistic is less than -2.998 since the test is one-tailed (left tailed) and we want to determine whether the 30-year mortgage rate is now less than 6 percent

Since the t-test statistic is greater than -2.998 therefore we will not reject the null hypothesis. At 1% significance level we have sufficient evidence to conclude that the 30-year mortgage rate is not less than 6 percent.

The minimum significance level (p-value) at which the null hypothesis can be rejected is between 5% and 10% since the value -1.61 lies in between -1.415 and -1.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article The Welfare State For Older People The Work

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I will pay for the following article The Welfare State for Older People. The work is to be 10 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The global demographic transition has caused health and social care services worldwide to address the needs of older people as a priority. Frail older people, who are elderly people with physical or mental impairments, are major users of these services. Attending to their needs in person, and to those of the entire population of elderly people, is quite a challenge. Proper care is needed in order to make a positive impact on the health and independence of the elderly. However, the situation today is insufficient and does not always comply with the requirements.

Home care for older people in England is often “inflexible, misses opportunities to promote independence and suffers chronic staff shortages”, shows a report published by the Commission for Social Care Inspection. The commission has found that services are concentrated on older people with severe needs, and this is why many other older people, who would certainly benefit from home care, do not receive it. Also, the commissions’ report reveals that some employers attempt to save money on selection and recruitment of home care nurses, and 39% of inspected agencies failed to meet the national minimum standards in this area.

Be that as it may, home care services have improved since in the past years. For instance, three-quarters of providers were found to comply with the minimum national requirements, and inspectors of the commission praised certain aspects of personal care, which were associated with “respectful, caring and helpful attitudes of staff”(Hocking, 2006).

There are different opinions as to the current welfare state of elderly people today and the services&nbsp.provided- some claim it is highly insufficient and others claim it is evolving well, especially after the report of the commission has been released. Either way, the significance of this matter is obvious and tangible.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article Week 3 Exercises The Work Is To Be 4 Pages

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I will pay for the following article Week 3 exercises. The work is to be 4 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. A long term liability is one that has to be repaid in more than 1 year. These include bonds, long term loans, debentures and other similar long term debts that the company takes from others and the repayment schedule is more than one year.

A bond is a debt instrument which is used to borrow money. The organization in need of money issues bonds (the issuer). the lender who pays money to obtain bond is called bond holder. The bond holder gets interest payments on the bond at future dates. The principal is paid at future date also. The period of the bond is predefined and is called maturity. A bond is different than stock as the bond holder does not assume any ownership right on the company as compared to stock holders unless it is a convertible bond. Bond is an example of long term liabilities.

A secured bond is one that has physical backing of an asset to ensure that bond holder’s capital is safe even if the issuer defaults on payments. This provides assurance to the lenders that their capital will be returned in case of any mishap to issuer organization. Some examples of secured bonds include mortgage bonds (which are backed by real estate) and equipment trust certificate (which are secured through company equipment).

An unsecured bond, on the other hand, is one that is not backed by any security or collateral. In case of default, the bond holder would lose the invested funds and will have no recourse. As it is apparent, the risk in unsecured bonds is higher. but then these are issued at higher interest rates to attract investors. Unsecured bonds issued by government do not carry high interest rates. This is because these bonds are backed by the government and thus the risk of failure is quite low.

A convertible bond is one that can be converted into common shares or cash, at a predefined rate.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article The Vanishing Act Of Esme Lennox And The Pl

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I will pay for the following article The vanishing act of Esme Lennox and the plight of Edwardian women. The work is to be 10 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The book “The vanishing act of Esme Lennox” by Maggie O’Farrell gives us an insight into the terrible plight of women during the early twentieth century Edwardian UK. A story that portrays the nature of social oppression on women of that period is a tale of prejudice, injustice, betrayal and redemption. Esme Lennox, the namesake and also the chief protagonist of this book, is a young woman in 1930s Edinburgh, who is incarcerated into a mental asylum by her parents, for the simple reason that Esme did not wish to conform to the society rules of her era. This book which is a sort of mystery story that unfolds at a much later era (when Esme meets her granddaughter Iris, after being released from the institution), explores the real meaning of sanity, and as it tries to measure the mental trauma and the sense of rejection that Esme and many of her contemporaries went through during these times. My article will explore this book by Maggie O’Farrell, to find answers to such questions as to why Esme was institutionalized for 60 years and never sent home. and why was it such a common practice during those Edwardian times to lock women up for very simple, and sometimes even for outrageous reasons.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article Wanting More Than What We Need Can Be Destr

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I will pay for the following article Wanting More Than What We Need Can Be Destructive. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. 

Wanting More Than What We Need Can Be Destructive

Abstract

Wanting more than what we need is greed. This avarice is destructive, as seen in the examples of King Midas, the obesity which characterizes American society, and the corporate greed which contributes to the economic downturn.

Wanting more than what we need, or greed, to be more precise, has always been a part of the human psyche. In some people, this urge becomes an insatiable appetite which dictates their motives and actions. The desire to accumulate material things, such as food and wealth, or the urge to gather power and prestige, is inherent in man. History is replete with the accounts of personalities, from Marie Antoinette to Adolf Hitler, who let avarice over-ride their lives – almost always with disastrous consequences. In contemporary times, corporate greed, and the obsession with political power, wreaks havoc on the world. Several examples demonstrate that wanting more than what we need can be destructive.

One of the earliest examples of the destructive consequences of greed is the story of King Midas in Greek mythology. Midas is a King who rules a kingdom of great prosperity, and is abundantly blessed with all the good things of life. As a reward for his kindness towards an old satyr, he is rewarded by the God Dionysus, who grants him a wish. King Midas wishes for the golden touch: everything he touches should turn into gold. Once his wish is granted, King Midas realizes the tragic consequences of his avarice: the flowers in his garden lose their fragrance and turn into gold, his food becomes inedible gold and his beloved daughter, on being hugged by her father, is transformed into a golden statue. King Midas admits his greed and foolishness and begs Dionysus to release him from his cursed gift. The God obliges and a chastened King Midas happily and generously rules his kingdom. (Parks and Corbett, 1997).

The rampant obesity which runs through contemporary society is another illustration of the destructive nature of avarice. With the easy availability of different types of food in the modern environment, Americans are accustomed to eat more than what is needed. Oversized food portions, the omnipresent fast-food joints and the advertising gimmicks used by companies which manufacture high-calorie, high-fat snacks combine to make a large proportion of American society obese. This is compounded by a largely sedentary lifestyle. Obesity leads to increased risk of medical complications, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Eating more than what is necessary to maintain optimum physical health leads to deteriorating health and lowers the quality of life.

The destructive repercussion of avarice is evident in the corporate greed which is a leading contributing factor to the present economic downturn. The seventy-three AIG employees who received a minimum of $ one million in bonuses, at a time when AIG was a beneficiary of a Government bailout, illustrate the absolute lack of integrity in a corporate world ruled by greed and selfishness. The fact that the Government bailouts are funded by tax payers money, and those same tax payers are in the clutches of major economic hardship, does not feature in the decision to grant bonuses (Stern, 2009). This corporate greed is the cause of the low esteem in which Wall Street is now held, and the Occupy Wall Street Movement which targets the same organizations which indulge in the unethical pursuit of excess wealth.

While wanting more than what we need can be destructive, it must be accepted that ambition, and the desire to attain great wealth and power, is not always equated with greed. Bill Gates and Warren Buffet are living examples of great wealth being put to charitable purposes. Ambition turns into greed only when the accumulation of wealth is at the cost of the suffering of others, and is accomplished through unfair means. Avarice always turns on the person who indulges in it and causes ruin. It is an irrefutable fact that contentment is one of the surest ways to happiness in life.

References.

NHLBI. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. November 1, 2010. What Causes Overweight

and Obesity? Retrieved from

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/obe/causes.html

Parks, James and Sally Corbett. 1998. King Midas. Highland Park Elementary School.

Retrieved from

http://www.hipark.austin.isd.tenet.edu/mythology/midas.html

Stern, Linda. March 25, 2009. The Greater Greed. The Daily Beast. Retrieved from

http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2009/03/25/the-greater-greed.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article Walmart Lawsuite Versus Tabc The Work Is To

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I will pay for the following article Walmart lawsuite versus TABC. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Wal-Mart lawsuit versus TABC The Wal-Mart stores are fighting to be able to sell liquor in Texas stores. The bars that are in Austin are one of the very few places that allowed selling liquor in Texas. Wal-Mart stores have filed a federal lawsuit against the licensing board Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission. Now, people in Texas can go into 546 Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club outlets to buy beer and wine, but cannot purchase hard liquor (Kieler 1). There is a long-standing law in Texas that forbids the sale of hard liquor in Wal-Mart. In their federal lawsuit, Wal-Mart in their argument state that the law violates the Equal Protection, the Commerce Clause and Comity Clause of the United States Constitution. They want the violation to end to enjoy their rights. Wal-Mart says that Texas is irrationally banning them from selling hard liquor like they do in other states. The company argues this is so only because it is a publicly traded company. TABC says even if Wal-Mart could sell hard liquor in the state, the law only entitles it to do so in only five of its stores (Kieler 10). Owners of stores that pool permits together with their family members, however, have no limit to the number of permits.

Wal-Mart argues that the law creates arbitrary distinctions that are used to separate classes of retailers that have no rational difference in their selling or purpose for selling the commodity. Wal-Mart Company would also like to sell distilled spirits at its stores and Sam’s Club located in Texas for persons who want off-premises consumption (Kieler 6). The lawsuit states that the Texas law forbids public traded companies from owning a permit that one needs to sell alcohol. It is the package store permit. The public corporation class of retailers gets denied the opportunity to compete in the hard liquor department. The other class of retailers i.e. publicly traded hotel corporations and private corporations can compete without having the restrictions they are getting. There is no other state in America that permits private corporations to sell hard liquor (Kieler 8). Some of the publicly traded corporation but not all of them have a prohibition on retail sale of spirits.

There is also another issue of limiting the number of stores and outlets that should sell the liquor. Wal-Mart in their lawsuit takes up this as another issue. The company states in its lawsuit that TABC is unfair in letting other companies own the permit. Several small companies that are family owned to take advantage of the loophole that allows close family members have access to the business permits required in running a liquor store (Kieler 13). The real victims of the State’s ban on allowing them to sell hard liquor is the consumer according to Wal-Mart. Even if Wal-Mart were given the permission to obtain store permits to sell liquor, they would have to abandon its 543 beer and wine permits. It is according to the current law of Texas. The consumers are forced to pay extra for their hard liquor since the market is non-competitive and fair competition is not available because of the ban (Kieler 15). There should be free enterprise and fair competition in all types of retail sales. It should not matter whether the sale is that of hard liquor or any other legal commodity.

Work Cited

Kieler, Ashlee. Wal-Mart Sues Texas Over Law Banning Publicly Traded Companies From Selling Liquor.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article W1a3 Brain And Behavior The Work Is To Be 1

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I will pay for the following article W1a3-brain and behavior. The work is to be 1 page with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Brain and behavior Affiliation: Describe briefly, in two or three sentences, the behaviors controlled by each lobe and each of the additional structures.

The temporal lobe which is located at the bottom is important when it comes to interpretation of language and sounds and also with formation of memories, speech perception and also language skills. The Occipital lobe is located at the back and it processes the visual information and stimuli. It interprets information from the retina and has ability to identify colors and words. The parietal lobe located in mid-section is in charge of processing different sensory information such as tactile. It is also in charge of the verbal memory and control of eye gaze. The frontal lobe located on the front of the brain deals with the complex thoughts, motor skills, expressive language as well as personality changes in an individual due to higher level cognition.

The cerebellum deals with motor movement coordination and is located in the occipital lobe. The medulla controls functions such as respiration and heartbeat and even blood pressure. The pons which connects the cerebellum and medulla is charged with movement of each side of the body that is between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. The hippocampus deals with conversion of short term memory to long term as well as important for learning (Weiten, 2010).

Explain how all 8 of these structures and the behaviors they govern directly relate to the skills required for you to be successful in your professional life

My career profession is in interior design. Interior design is a multifaceted field which has different parts and functions all of which must be brought together and work in conjunction with each other if the final result is to be anything admirable (Brooker and Stone, 2010). The same happens in the brain. The different structures of the brain have to work together for the brain to function effectively.

References

Brooker, G. and Stone, S. (2010). What is Interior Design? Massachusetts: Rockport Publishers.

Weiten, W. (2010). Psychology: Themes and Variations: Themes and Variations. New York: Cengage Learning.

 
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I Will Pay For The Following Article Us National Debt Social Security Medicare T

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I will pay for the following article US National Debt & Social Security/Medicare. The work is to be 1 page with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. US National Debt Countries across the world are experiencing an increase in debts. The US has seen its debts rising to 62% percentof the economy in 2010. Economists point at the global financial crisis as the cause of this rise. Additionally, during the worldwide recession, most countries including the US saw slow growth in the economy.

Countries in the world are spending more money on pensions and health care programs. It is the reason for the increase in debts. Economists argue the US will have the biggest debt in 2040. The level of debt will be unsustainable. Researches indicate that unfunded obligations held by social security and Medicare is the reason the US debt would be so large.

With an end to the global recession, economists predict the world economy would not fully recover. Debts will continue to increase hence affecting negatively on the economy. Deficits will cause the interest rates to rise. It is a means of covering the risks associated with the losses brought by the deficits.

Debts will cause economic resources to be scarce. The government will direct the available resources towards paying the debts. For instance, the US, which borrows externally, will have to avail its internal resources to pay debts outside the US economy.

The debts will cause a reduction in investment opportunities. Investment is the backbone of the economy, and a reduction in it will result to slow economic growth. Furthermore, without clearance of debts, there would be high levels of debts in future.

The US has implemented reforms in the social security, Medicare and Medicaid sectors. It is a means of reducing the country’s debts. The reforms include report long-term obligations, create long term budgets for entitlements, and make retirements fair and affordable (Moore, 2010)

Reference

Moore, N. (2010). U.S. Debt Load Among Worlds Worst. Social Security and Medicare will break the bank.

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