I will pay for the following article Bioethics. The work is to be 3 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. BIOETHICS Ellison, T. (2006), Xenotransplantation–Ethics and Regulation, Xenotransplantation, 13.6, pp.505-9 Introduction The field of bioethics is half a century old. It is defined as the “systematic study of human conduct in the area of life sciences and healthcare, insofar as this conduct is examined in the light of moral values and principles” (Kanniyakonil, 2007, p.8). Xenotransplantation, on the other hand, implies “transplantation of animal organs or tissues into humans” (Silberglitt, 2006, p.221). This article analyzes the justification of the use of Xenotransplantation, keeping in mind the principles of Bioethics, using theory as well as statistical analysis and survey. It is premised on the fact that a number of circumstances arise when there is an immediate need to transplant tissues that have are scarce in supply and thus, poses the question if it would be right to use animal tissues in humans on those occasions.

Key Points of the Article

This article makes defining statements about some key issues pertaining to Xenotransplantation. They can be given as follows.

The use of Xenotransplantation on an individual depends on whether it is acceptable to him/her or not. The patient has the ultimate right to accept or refute the transplanting of non-human cells into his/ her body.

Religious beliefs of the patient are a deciding factor in deciding the opinion of a person on Xenotransplantation.

Xenotransplantation has been identified as a beneficial medical process, from a cultural perspective but people are still wary of its use owing to the side-effects known to be associated with scientific innovations.

An Analysis of the Approach with reference to the Development of Bioethics

The most important point in the field of Bioethics is its four principles, namely, Autonomy (respect of oneself and one’s ability to make decisions), Beneficence (promotion of welfare of patients), Justice, and Non-Malficience (doing no harm, i.e. reduction or avoidance of risks). The author has analyzed the concept of Xenotransplantation in view of all these objectives of Bioethics. Thus, the author has been successful in applying the correct approach to the subject as far as Bioethics is concerned. Bioethics had been the domain of historians and philosophers since its early stages. Combining bioethics with a highly scientific subject like Xenotransplantation provides the former with a whole new perspective that provides opportunity for future research. Also, studying Xenotransplantation based on the foundations of Bioethics has revealed the social and cultural side to medical innovations and technologies.

Analysis of the Key Points

The three key findings of this paper can be discussed in further detail as follows. The respect associated to individual freedom in our society is immense and every human being irrespective of cast or creed, gender or color, has the liberty to decide his mode of conduct, his occupation and other relevant issues pertaining to him. Thus it is only natural that an individual will have individual opinion on Xenotransplantation as well that will decide if or not it will be used on him. Family and relatives of a person may also take this decision as they have an obligation too, but this provision is debatable. It is for this reason that they must be well educated about the subject. Religion of the patient is of vital importance in deciding the use or un-use of Xenotransplantation. A research conducted on English and Australian subjects stated that 67% of English and 82% of Australians accepted Xenotransplantation. Among these, 29% were English Catholics, 9% were Australian Catholics, and 63% were from other religions. It was observed that people who followed monotheistic religions, believed in Xenotransplantation the most. Monotheistic religions such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism preach oneness with all creatures. Thus, they would all support this medical innovation. Some countries have accepted Xenotransplantation and some have not. Non-acceptance has been due to the Conflict between the principles of autonomy and non-malficience. The Declaration of Helsinki states that interest of the research subject cannot be compromised for social benefit. This is the reason that some countries have not accepted this treatment strategy. However, these countries have been found to be considering not just the issue of harm caused to subject but third parties as well.

Inconsistencies in the Article

There are three fundamental inconsistencies in this article. The theories given in this article are not adequately related to the statistical evidence provided. There should have been some sort of statistical figures supporting the main section on the study of Xenotransplantation as per the objectives of Bioethics. Instead, the same is provided on subsidiary subject of the acceptance of Xenotransplantation based on religious beliefs. Again, some issues like the principles of bioethics are elaborated too much while some are too brief. Finally, this article should have had a section stating the precise risks and benefits connected with Xenotransplantation. Evaluating the subject based on this knowledge would have provided a greater insight.

A General Evaluation

This article is completely in line with my views. The right to decide whether a certain mode of treatment would be used on him or not should be given to a person as it is consistent with the ideals of democracy. The larger goal of benefit was society cannot be given as an excuse to sacrifice individual safety of a person. It is also true that religion has a bearing upon the opinions, views, choices, and overall mentality of a person. However, this article could have been presented in a more organized way.

Conclusion

It can, therefore, be concluded that the use of Xenotransplantation should always be based on individual choices and never imposed on a person. As it is a relatively new technology, people are largely ignorant on the subject. So, they must be made aware of its benefits and side-effects alike to help them take the right decision. This will ensure that a needy is not denied the benefits accruing from it and yet no one suffers from its adverse effects.

References

Ellison, T. (2006), Xenotransplantation – Ethics and Regulation, Xenotransplantation,13.6, 505-9

Kanniyakonil, S. (2007), The Fundamentals of Bioethics. India: Oriental Institute of Research Studies.

Silberglitt, R.S. (2006), The Global Technology Revolution 2020. Pittsburgh: RAND Corporation.

 

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I will pay for the following article Beyond Research on Cultural Minorities A. Artiles. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. According to the bible principles, dealing with people requires consent because it shows love and respect. Third, involves the understanding of numerous dynamics of a particular culture in terms of its practices and existence. It is a phenomenon supported by the scriptures because it establishes the foundations of formulating problematic assumptions and solutions from a biblical context.

However, in terms of ‘sociohistorical view of culture’, there is value to offer counselors who are working with diverse clients. For instance, the historical perspective of comprehending culture is imperative in human development because it helps counselors involve scriptures when assessing the traditional views found in the culture. Similarly, while clients from diverse backgrounds enjoy the incentive of displaying different contexts of ranging from historical to political, their Christian nature is what is of interest to counselors. The scripture advises on feeding the hungry and this is pegged on human development. The books read: “His disciples were hungry and began to pick some heads of grain and eat them (Mathew 12:1).” It thus suggests that sociohistorical culture is interconnected with traditions, literacy practices, and other cultural artifacts that cater to the poor (Artiles et al 313). In that perspective, cultural mediation becomes a new phenomenon of understanding the essence of value systems when dealing with multicultural clients. Overall, this indicates that institutional cultures have a role in influencing the sociohistorical culture within the parameters of integration.

Consequently, it is vital for counselors to consider the role of integrating ‘ecological validity’ when working with diverse clients because of numerous reasons. For example, it assists counselors in identifying the spiritual dedication of attending to the poor is an integral step. The scripture reads: “You would not have condemned the innocent (Mathew 12:7).” This implies that researchers and counselors enjoy the mandate of achieving psychological tasks that are encouraged by the scriptures and other different environments with diverse clients. However, spiritual intervention usually interferes with research findings when they are geared toward clients. This is because the results differ fundamentally from the expectations of most participants when they are guided by the bible.

It, therefore, is imperative to infuse all biblical issues especially those pertaining to culture to find the overall solution during one’s research. This will ensure that all sides of the problem are clearly evaluated for spiritual adherents.

 

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I will pay for the following article Behavioral Finance in Books’ Benoit Mandelbrot and Edgar Peters. The work is to be 8 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Wiener Brownian Motion can be applied in finance and physics via modeling random behavior, which exists over time. Louis Bachelier established this model in 1900 with an aim of understanding modeling fluctuations of prices in the financial markets. Still, Albert Einstein gave his contribution towards this arithmetical model, which was first established by Robert Brown in 1827. Through this model, econometricians can access past relationships and various variables such as consumer spending, tax rates, employment, household income, and interest rates. At this point, economists predict how such variable affect the future course of economic development. This assists to explain proportional growth which is attributed by economic development. It is worth noting that, economic development enhance better living, creates job opportunities, and better chances for investment. This book is useful as it lays a strong foundation for learners to comprehend economic facts that affect the market. Therefore, students can use this book to understand in depth about what attributes to economic development. The significance of reading this book is that it has great insights on the following. The concluding remarks are based on graphs analogous, which are explained in the fractal context. In explaining, the author presents graphs as that indicated in figure E1-5 that illustrate the multifractal aspect of fractal context. As intended, the author reveals the deep link between the fractal approach and finance. Therefore, from this article, readers can comprehend the following. The author describes ways of applying Ratio analysis in various markets. In his research, he found out that non-periodic cycles and fractal structure outlay evidence of the fact that the capital markets being nonlinear systems. Basically, they are two fundamental aspects of financial ratio analysis. It can be used to judge how the firm progress such as liquidity status or increasing revenues: For instance, it can be effective in making the relative performance comparisons such as the firm’s productivity&nbsp.with that of the competitors.

 

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I will pay for the following article Classification of Vacations. The work is to be 1 page with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Various divisions are based on price, special attraction and accommodation (Scarry Sandra & Scarry John 2010, p. 486). When an individual makes his or her plan according to these bases, he/she is likely to enjoy the vacation by avoiding unnecessary expenditure.

A vacation based on price

Different vacation areas have various categories of bookings depending on prices. They base their categorization on the services offered in each category. As a result, a client who wants to visit their premises must select the category that best suits his/her financial category. The reason behind this categorization is to ensure that all interested parties in taking vacation are catered for despite their financial status. Some of the categorization based on price includes first class, second class and economy category (Scarry Sandra & Scarry John 2010).

A vacation based on a special attraction

People have different interests when selecting their vacation. Some of these have their interest in mountain climbing, others in beaches. desert, etc. categorization under special attraction ensures that clients select the appropriate vacation section that will earn him/her maximum satisfaction (Scarry Sandra & Scarry John 2010).

A vacation based on accommodation

Many vacations take several days. As a result, it is important to decide the type of accommodation that one wants to undertake based on the interests and financial status. Some of the available accommodation categories include motels, cabin, trailer. tents, etc. proper selection helps the individual attain satisfaction from the vacation (Scarry Sandra & Scarry John 2010).

Conclusion

Classification of the vacations based on the above basis gives the client an ability to restructure the plans and incorporate all activities that one wants to undertake in order to attain maximum satisfaction. It also enables one not to be extravagant as one stick to the outline plan despite getting other enticing activities during vacation.

 

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I will pay for the following article Civil Litigation. The work is to be 12 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. It saves the aggrieved party of waiting for a long trial before gaining any compensation and also saves the defendant from inflated costs in case the ruling is to their disadvantage. In this case, the material facts are: 1. The motorcyclist suffered personal injuries by sustaining whiplash, a broken leg and a broken nose. 2. You do not have valid insurance to drive the car involved in the accident. 3. You have already been charged in a court of law for careless driving. It is also important to recognize that having been found guilty of careless driving, the court must have upheld one or more of the following elements of the provisions of Road Traffic Act 1988 Section 3: 1. If a person drives a mechanically propelled vehicle on a road or other public place without due care and attention, or without reasonable consideration for other persons using the road or place, he is guilty of an offence. 2. A person is to be regarded as driving without due care and attention specifically if he fails o exhibit competence and care. 3. In order to determine the purposes of what shall constitute subsection (2) above of what would be expected of a careful and competent driver in a particular case, regard shall be had not only to the circumstances of which he could be expected to be aware but also to any circumstances shown to have been within the knowledge of the accused. 4. Other persons must be inconvenienced by the driving of a person for that person is to be regarded as driving without reasonable consideration for other persons. Procedure for Pre-action Protocol for Personal Injury Claims. 1. Early Notification The guidelines allow for a early notification of intent to file a claim to the defendant as soon as the legal representative feel that a personal injury claim is to be pursued. In your case, the letter from Mr Donnels’ Solicitors (A& T) amounts to early notification according to the guidelines. The early notification does not necessary have to be detailed as the costs of the claim may not be crystal clear at this stage. However, you are not under any obligation to respond to this notification as it does not start the timetable for responding. At this stage, it would be wise to explore the likelihood of having to pay any legal claims that may arise relating to the personal injuries suffered by Mr. Donells. The possibilities at this stage is that the solicitors representing Mr. Donells are in all likelihood going to pursue personal injury claims against you and therefore early preparation is essential. 2. Letter of Claim If the solicitors for Mr Daniells choose to pursue personal injury claims, the next course of action will be sending you a letter of claim. The letter of claim is usually sent to the client’s insure for cases involving road accidents. However, the facts point out that you did not to enable you drive as at the occurrence of the accident. This means that the claim will be solely directly at you and you will be responsible for any financial interests arising from the claims. The letter of claim provides sufficient information for the defendant to assess the liability. Usually, it will include the full details of the hospital where the claimant was treated. This information is important in its entirety to help you estimate the size of the claim.

 

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