i’m taking a federal government course, and discussions are a major part of the course, I need help with this one. 

Chapter 5 of the textbook identifies affirmative action as one of the major issues in today’s civil rights debate.

1. What are affirmative action policies or programs, and why are they controversial?
2. Supporters of affirmative action argue that it is intended to level an uneven playing field in which discrimination still exists. What do you think? To what extent is our society free from discrimination?
3. Third, how has the U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in affirmative action cases? This is where your reading of chapter 5 of the textbook comes into play. You must support your answer(s) with some of the more recent and applicable Supreme Court cases mentioned in the chapter or that you find elsewhere.
4. Lastly, are there alternative policies that our government can enact that can be effective at reducing inequality in our society but less controversial than affirmative action, such as the one that Texas is using for college admission in the state?

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I mentioned that quasars and other active galactic nuclei are thought to be poweredby supermassive black holes (SMBH). Let’s consider one aspect of this idea.(a) A typical quasar luminosity is about 10^12 L, where L = 3.83*10^33 erg s^-1 is the luminosity of the Sun. If the energy is released by mass falling into a SMBH,estimate the mass accretion rate. (Convenient units are solar masses per year.)(b) If the mass accretion rate is roughly constant, how long would it take to builda mass of 10^8M , were M is solar mass= 1.989 × 10^33 g? Is that long or short compared with the age of the Universe(about 14 Gyr)? Comment on whether the idea that quasars are powered by accretion onto SMBH makes sense or not.

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I made an “A” as my final grade in my last class because of CalTutor. I wish to use her again. Can she please notify me so I can give instructions for my next big assignment.  Thanks!

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I’m writing a program to extract a hidden message from an input BMP file.  I’m having trouble looping through the image after the header data and printing to the screen.  For some reason it keeps printing the same character over and over.

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I’m writing a paper about crisis intervention and cognitive behavioral model and i need help answering this question,  

Communicate a preference for a perspective/model/mode of treatment that is based on information learned through this assignment.

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