#777177 Topic: Qualitative Research
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 1
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Essay
Category: Healthcare
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions:
ATTACHED
The topic is nurse staff ratio and nursing staff shortage within the work place. Please reference both links below. Please double check for grammatical errors. The assignment must be Apa.
https://www.modernhealthcare.com/labor/mandated-staffing-ratios-would-cost-3b-year-ny-hospital-association
READ THE ATTACHED FILE. PROVIDE A ONE PAGE RESPONSE TO THE DISCUSSION ADDING NEW EVIDENCE WITH REFERENCE IN APA FORMAT. SCHOLARLY REF MUST NOT BE MORE THAN FIVE YEARS OLD AND MUST HAVE IN-TEXT CITATION.
no plagerisim . see the attached discussion read and respond add additional information.
1-Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps, and tanning booths. It causes early aging of the skin that can lead to skin cancer. People of all ages and skin tones should limit the amount of time they spend in the sun, especially between mid-morning and late afternoon, and avoid other sources of UV radiation, such as tanning beds. It is important to keep in mind that UV radiation is reflected by sand, water, snow, and ice and can go through windshields and windows. Even though skin cancer is more common among people with a light skin tone, people of all skin tones can develop skin cancer, including those with dark skin. Wear a hat with a wide brim all around that shades your face, neck, and ears. Wear sunglasses that block UV radiation to protect the skin around eyes. Wear long sleeves and long pants. Tightly woven, dark fabrics are best. Some fabrics are rated with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The higher the rating, the greater the protection from sunlight. Use sunscreen products with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Ionizing radiation can cause cell damage that leads to cancer.
Reference:
Sunlight and ionizing radiation. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521879/
2-Educating a person with life style modification (smoking, excessive body weight, safe work place) and removing the factors that can predispose to different types of cancer can enhance the layperson exposure and awareness to the disease. But one point is not clear to me, how can physical inactivity be a predisposing factor to cancer?
3-Modifiable risk factors are a risk factors to cancer, that a person can control them (NCI, 2017). Cancer can be caused by environmental factors, diet and life style however our knowledge to the modifiable risk factors can impact for cancer exposure. Some of the modifiable risk factors for lung cancer are smoking, workplace risk factors, radon etc. so I would educate and recommend my patient to avoid those risk factors. For instance, quitting smoking can decrease the exposure to lung cancer. To do so smokers need advice from experts (counselor) on how to quit smoking such as the use of nicotine replacement products and antidepressants therapy. A person who quits smoking for 10 years can lowers his/her risk of developing lung cancer by 30% to 50% (NCI, 2017).
A safe work place is a work place environment without chemicals that can cause to lung cancer such as asbestos, arsenic, nickel and chromium. In addition to that a work place should be smoke free to avoid secondhand smoke. Prevent high level of radon at your home for example on preventing leakage by sealing the basement (NCI, 2017).
Reference
National Cancer Institute (NCI) (2017) Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)–Patient Version retrieved [online] from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq
4-, after reading your post I stopped to think about the link between nutrition/ lack of activity and cancer. Cancer does not “run” in my family. So there is definitely no chromosome issue that is being passed along. For many, many generations back my ancestors have been farmers. I even have family in North Carolina who were tobacco farmers. They did not develop cancer. I did have one second cousin contract brain cancer. The doctor felt like it was caused by gasoline. He was a garage attendant for many years as a teenager and young adult. This was a time when you could get full service at the gas station. Anyway, my point is ….i wonder if family after me will start to develop cancer as our society becomes more and more sedentary. Everyone I know is still very active even though no one farms anymore. We all have jobs that naturally have moderate activity built into it. Will my grand children become sedentary due to so much automation in our lives? I guess we will see if things like this start to cause cancer in an otherwise healthy family.
5-Developing the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for developing cervical cancer. This is a group of over one hundred and fifty viruses that can cause symptoms such as warts. The virus can cause infections around the genitals, mouth, throat, and anus, spreading through unprotected sex. Sometimes the infections resolve on their own, but other times the infections can become chronic and lead to cell changes and cervical cancer. HPV can be prevented through the vaccine and practicing safe sex. It is also important to have regular pap smears (American Cancer Society, 2019). I would focus on educating my patients on the importance of reproductive health and seeing their gynecologist regularly. I would educate on the importance of safe sex practices and give vaccination education.
Reference:
American Cancer Society. (2019). HPV and HPV treatment. Retrieved from
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/infectious-agents/hpv/hpv-and-hpv-testing.html
6-I think it would be important to educate on the importance of eating healthy and moving everyday. The American Cancer Society website is a great resource to provide them with. They recommend staying lean and maintaining a healthy weight. They recommend that adults have one hundred and fifty minutes of moderate activity each week or seventy-five minutes of vigorous activity. They recommend limiting sedentary activity. They recommend limiting processed food, increasing fruits and vegetables, and choosing whole grain foods (American Cancer Society, 2019). I think all of these recommendations would be important to educate patients in order to decrease their risk of cancer. Even if some of these changes might be difficult for patients to make, if they could start to incorporate some of these behaviors, it could help to make a difference.
References:
American Cancer Society. (2019). Summary of the ACS g
1-Principalism, also known as the four-principal approach for ethical decision-making, focuses on the common ground moral principles. I would rank the importance of these four principles as the following:
The Christian Narrative consists of four parts: creation, fall, redemption, and restoration. Regardless of the religion you choose to follow, there is nothing that exists that does not have God as its creator. (GCU, 2015)
I believe the four principles would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative as:
References:
Lecture 3 Notes. GCU. 2015
Principles of medical ethics. Retrieved from (2018): https://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Ethics.html
2-You’ve defined utilitarianism correctly as the view that leads us to act in ways that produce the best outcome for the most people. But, as I read your last statement, it may sound as though the actions that we should really allow ourselves to pursue are those that provide the best outcome for our own happiness. Opposite of utilitarianism, we call this Ethical Egoism, meaning that we make ethical decisions based on how the outcome affects us individually. I don’t mean to imply that you intended that contradiction. I simply think its worth noting that although we want the best for all, we often find that we want the best outcome for ourselves first. Even the best intentions are often driven by the pursuit of own good.
How would you advise another nurse who is faced with a decision that he/she believed would produce the most good for the most people but, with closer reflection, it is apparent that it would serve their own good more, or at least before others?
Dr. Smartt
3-The principle of Justice in health care is usually defined as a form of fairness, or as Aristotle once said, “giving to each that which is his due.” It is generally held that persons who are equals should qualify for equal treatment. This is borne out in the application of Medicare, which is available to all persons over the age of 65 years. This category of persons is equal with respect to this one factor, their age, but the criteria chosen says nothing about need or other noteworthy factors about the persons in this category.
Reference:
Grand Canyon University. (2015). Lecture 3 PHI 413V. Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?currentTopicname=&viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=a788df13-3e3d-4f98-83d7-029c35f3f96c&contentId=7c6bddaa-839a-46a4-b020-48f1f8451ce9&
1-While there are many types of quantitative research designs, they generally fall under one of two umbrellas: experimental research and non-experimental research. The four most commonly used designs for research studies are descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental.”(Grove, Gray & Burns, 2015).
In experimental design researchers uses random assignment and they manipulate an independent variable around a controlled variable. It is an objective, systematic, and highly controlled investigation conducted for predicting and controlling phenomena (Grove, Gray & Burns, 2015). A true experimental design there must be randomization, a control group and manipulation of a variable when examining the direct cause or predicted relationships between variables. In a quasi-experiment one of these aspects is missing (Sousa, Driessnack & Menders, 2007). As noted in Research Designs: Non-Experimental vs. Experimental (2018), When an experimental research is done correctly, experimental designs can provide evidence for cause and effect. Because of their ability to determine causation, experimental designs are the gold-standard for research in medicine, biology, and so on.
Descriptive and correlational designs can be referred to as non-experimental designs because the focus is on examining variables as they naturally occur in environments and not in the implementation of a treatment by the researcher. Non-experimental research, on the other hand, can be just as interesting, but you cannot draw the same conclusions from it as you can with experimental research. Non-experimental research is usually descriptive or correlational, which means that you are either describing a situation or phenomenon simply as it stands, or you are describing a relationship between two or more variables, all without any interference from the researcher. This means that you do not manipulate any variables (e.g., change the conditions that an experimental group undergoes) or randomly assign participants to a control or treatment group. Without this level of control, you cannot determine any causal effects. While validity is still a concern in non-experimental research, the concerns are more about the validity of the measurements, rather than the validity of the effects.
References
Grove, S., Gray, J., & Burns, N. (2015). Understanding Nursing Research, 6th Edition. Saunders, 092014. VitalBook file.
Research Designs: Non-Experimental vs. Experimental. (2018, July 19). Retrieved from http://www.statisticssolutions.com/research-designs-non-experimental-vs-experimental/
2-Experimental research is based around a test having a notable result. Basically, you test a hypothesis out and if the desired effect appears, it may be accurate. Essentially cause and effect. Normally this research will have controls and variables to help clarify the nature of the results. This kind of research is highly controlled to help prevent false conclusions. An example of experimental research would be common drug trials. During these trials, researchers are hoping to either discover new information about their drug or create further confirmation of what they already believe to be true. These tests are highly controlled.
Non-experimental research is based around the observation of behavior in a non-scientific setting. By this I mean that researchers look for possible data correlations by collecting information rather than testing a theory. An example of this would studies where researchers try to connect things like high mortality to a certain lifestyle or food choice. Because of the obvious risk to the patients, they would just collect information rather than staging experiments. The non-experimental model of research is much laxer and not as controlled.
Reference
Grove, S., Gray, J., & Burns, N. (2015). Understanding Nursing Research: Building an Evidence Based Practice (6th edition). St. Louis,MO. : Elsevier.
3- direct experimentation is indeed an excellent ways to obtain and analyze data. The observational changes observed can also be used to plan further studies. However, the preparation and execution of such experimentation is costly and time consuming. In contrast, lived experience of conditions suggested by numerical values found in experimental research is found in qualitative data. This data can be collected in fairly cheap and easy ways. However, the vastness of it and varying nature means that it has to be documented and analyzed by people, with little assistance from a machine (as various responses can be linked to one general value and that may not be easily programmed an algorithm to understand.The essential issues become: 1) Are you looking for qualitative or quantitative data? and 2)What does the data obtained say about the focus of the study? Ultimately, both types of research are necessary and valuable and allow problems to be considered in a detailed manner, differentiating the minutiae.
1-As a nurse , Erin Murphey is a great legislator becuase she can advocate for health care system reform bills and help to make a change at the corporate level. Murphey is a registrered nurse with 20 years of experience in the acute care settingAs governor, Murphy said she would sign a bill to legalize recreational marijuana, but she comes at the issue from a criminal justice perspective. She would want any proposal that legalizes recreational marijuana to also include a way to expunge low-level cannabis possession crimes from people’s records.”There is a disproportionate number of people of color, specifically men of color, who are incarcerated for this crime,” she said.She said she also believes it will be easier to keep marijuana out of the hands of young people if it were “regulated and legal.””Minnesotans are ahead of policymakers on this question,” she said. “They are ready to make this move and if the Legislature puts it on my desk, I will sign it into law.” This can be also seen from a healthcare perspective because many pharmaceautical companies are using marijuana in for many different conditions in patients. It is exciting to have a nurse in politics. This is someone just like us who is able to make an impact from the source. Hopefully she does well in implementing her promises.
Miller, K. (2018). DFL governor candidate Erin Murphy shares her views. Retrieved from https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/07/24/dfl-candidate-erin-murphy-shares-views
2-Lauren Underwood is the newest elected, and youngest registered nurse serving in the U.S. House of Representatives since January 3, 2019. She is representing Illinois 14thcongressional district. In her short time serving, she has been loud and clear about her support regarding affordable health care to all Americans. Just last week she introduced legislation that would improve affordability by reducing premium costs for consumers who purchase plans through the Health Insurance Marketplace and in February, she introduced legislation that would help protect Americans with pre-existing conditions by overturning an Administration rule that expands limited duration insurance, commonly known as “junk plans.” She also supports the prevention of gun violence by serving as a member of the Congressional Gun Violence Prevention Taskforce. Prior to her election into congress she was working to improve healthcare by serving as a Senior Advisor at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) where she helped communities prepare for and respond to disasters and emergencies.
Reference:
Representative Lauren Underwood. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://underwood.house.gov/
3-The congresswomen, Eddie Bernice Johnson, was a Chief Psychiatric Nurse in a hospital (VA Hospital) in Dallas before she became congresswomen (C-Span, 2019). She has recently introduced the National Nurse Act of 2019 in Congress. Eddie Bernice Johnson is the first registered nurse elected to Congress and can be counted between the most well-known nurses in history because of her outstanding accomplishments in that capacity. As an African-American woman, she has encountered many obstacles in both her nursing and political careers. Ms. Johnson is an excellent example of the value of education.
Reference
C-Span. (2019, January 9). Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson Urges House to Support the Allred Health Care Resolution. Retrieved from C-Span: https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4771977/congresswoman-eddie-bernice-johnson-urges-house-support-allred-health-care-resolution
1-Research supports that the baccalaureate-educated nurse brings a more comprehensive and in-depth education to the healthcare arena than the associate-degree or diploma nurse. This past spring, renowned nurse researcher Linda Aiken co-authored a study that contributes to a growing body of evidence suggesting that a more educated nursing workforce translates into better patient outcomes. “Among the conclusions made by Aiken was that patients in hospitals in which 60% of nurses had bachelor’s degrees and nurses cared for an average of six patients would have almost 30% lower mortality than patients in hospitals in which only 30% of nurses had bachelor’s degrees and nurses cared for an average of eight patients.
Reference
Passmore, S. (2019, March 12). How Does Your Nursing Degree Affect Patient Mortality Rates? Retrieved March 22, 2019, from https://www.americansentinel.edu/blog/2014/06/04/how-does-your-nursing-degree-affect-patient-mortality-rates/
2-From my experience all nurses including BSN, Diploma and Associate Degree RN’s have better understanding of the entire healthcare system and an in-depth understanding about a patient’s overall history that automatically helps them make better and faster decisions, make fewer errors and better guide the patients and their families. However times are changing and rapidly expanding clinical knowledge and mounting complexities in health care mandate that professional nurses possess educational preparation commensurate with the diversified responsibilities required of them. As health care shifts from hospital-centered, inpatient care to more primary and preventive care throughout the community, the health system requires registered nurses who not only can practice across multiple settings – both within and beyond hospitals – but can function with more independence in clinical decision making, case management, provision of direct bedside care, supervision of unlicensed aides and other support personnel, guiding patients through the maze of health care resources, and educating patients on treatment regimens and adoption of healthy lifestyles. Having a BSN degree allows more opportunity for employment, increased responsibility, and career progression.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2013). 2012-2013 Enrollment and graduations in baccalaureate and graduate programs in nursing. Washington, DC
3-The capacity of a nurse to deliver quality care and safeguard the safety of a patient is dependent on the nature of training in nursing school. Anbari and Vogelsmeier (2018) explored the perceived benefits of Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) on the capacity of nurses to uphold patient safety in the course of service delivery. The duo engaged ADN-to-BSN graduates to find out the perceived implications on education on their capacity to promote the safety of the patients. Attainment of BSN qualifications expanded the nurses’ clinical reasoning, as they can approach care with a broadened scope as well as accept inputs from other people. Through the paradigm shift in the delivery of care, it can be argued that advanced training of nurses is instrumental in the enhancement of making decisions that conform to the needs of patients. In turn, this predisposes improved patient safety. However, some nurses believed that BSN is essential for career progression rather than improved their capacity to uphold patient safety.
From a personal viewpoint and based on my experiences, I consider BSN critical for the improvement of patient safety. In the course of acquiring the qualifications, nurses learn about new concepts in nursing and are exposed to approaches that may be helpful in the management of complex situations that may arise in the clinical setting. Through the learned concepts, nurses can significantly improve their clinical reasoning, as well as engage other healthcare professions. Through this, they are likely to apply evidence-based practice and limit engagement in behaviors that may adversely affect the safety of patients.
Reference
Anbari, A. B., & Vogelsmeier, A. (2018). Associate degree in nursing-to-bachelor of science in nursing graduates’ education and their perceived ability to keep patients’ safe. Journal of Nursing Education, 57(5), 300-303.
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