Hi, need to submit a 2750 words essay on the topic The concept of the efficient market hypothesis.

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Furthermore, the change in the currently set prices are would only arise once the new information would land into the market (Ullrich &amp. Ullrich, 2009). The definition of Malkiel (1992. 2003) can be stated as the comprehensive version of the Jensen’s (1978. 1969) idea. Jensen (1978) clearly defined the market efficiency as the state of the market where incremental profits cannot be made by incorporating element of exclusive information in the trading strategies (Timmermann &amp. Granger, 2004).Clearly, the definition put forward by the Malkiel (1992) has three points of emphasis for determining the market as efficient. First, the importance attributed to the information in pricing the units in the financial market. Second factor of emphasis in the definition refers to the capability of the stock market trader or the participants to exploit the exclusive information for generating additional economic profits. Finally, the yardstick to measure the efficiency of market with respect to EMH in term of risk adjusted return net of additional transaction cost (Timmermann &amp. Granger, 2004).Unlike the definitions presented by Jensen (1978) and Malkiel (1992), the proposition concept put forwards by the Fama has many limitations. In fact, Fama was self well aware of the vague component as the fully reflect does not determine any standards for empirical tests (Guerrien &amp. Gun, 2011). LeRoy (1976: 1989) was first to claim the lacking in the definition of the Fama and claimed that definition of the market efficiency….

The definition of Malkiel (1992. 2003) can be stated as the comprehensive version of the Jensen’s (1978. 1969) idea. Jensen (1978) clearly defined the market efficiency as the state of the market where incremental profits cannot be made by incorporating element of exclusive information in the trading strategies (Timmermann &amp. Granger, 2004). Clearly, the definition put forward by the Malkiel (1992) has three points of emphasis for determining the market as efficient. First, the importance attributed to the information in pricing the units in the financial market. Second factor of emphasis in the definition refers to the capability of the stock market trader or the participants to exploit the exclusive information for generating additional economic profits. Finally, the yardstick to measure the efficiency of market with respect to EMH in term of risk adjusted return net of additional transaction cost (Timmermann &amp. Granger, 2004). Unlike the definitions presented by Jensen (1978) and Malkiel (1992), the proposition concept put forwards by the Fama has many limitations. In fact, Fama was self well aware of the vague component as the fully reflect does not determine any standards for empirical tests (Guerrien &amp. Gun, 2011). LeRoy (1976: 1989) was first to claim the lacking in the definition of the Fama and claimed that definition of the market efficiency as the repetition of same concept in different dimension. The criticism from LeRoy (1976) was also admitted by the Fama (1976). In addition to the criticism about the lacking in the presentation of idea, the first criticism about the idea itself appeared in the year 1973 by Shiller (Guerrien &amp. Gun, 2011).

 

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Hi, need to submit a 3000 words essay on the topic Designing Brand Strategy for a Company.

Also, two companies may perceive the same risks in a country but still choose different strategies because of their firms differing tolerances of risk. More specifically, the different market-entry strategies can be encapsulated as follows:

Export/Import—The easiest and most common entry strategy, exporting also exposes a company to the lowest financial risk. An existing product is merely shipped to a foreign country. This strategy is very compatible with the domestic market extension outlook in international marketing.

Licensing—Another relatively low-risk approach to a new market, licensing involves granting the rights and methods for production to a host country firm in return for a royalty fee. Advantages include low capital requirements and circumvention of import restrictions or foreign ownership limitations. Its advantage of lower risk is countered by lower returns.

Joint Venture—A joint venture involves two companies that form a partnership under a new corporate name. Joint venturing is a low-risk market-entry strategy, which is popular among successful, large, internationally oriented businesses seeking to expand their own maturing home markets, or seeking new sources of raw materials. Notable are the strategic advantages of reducing both political and economic risks by combining the host country firms localized knowledge, skills, and systems with the foreign company’s capital and technology. It also allows a foreign firm to operate in a market otherwise inaccessible due to trade barriers or hostility towards outsiders.

Franchising—A form of licensing, franchising combines the franchisee’s local knowledge, capital, and entrepreneurial energy with the franchisors standard bundle of products, management expertise, and support systems. It is a fast-growing approach to market entry. Advantages are the low capital investment required and the speed of entry.

Manufacturing/Wholly-Owned Subsidiary—The highest-risk strategy with the highest potential return is investing capital to set up manufacturing or other operations in a foreign country.&nbsp.&nbsp.

 

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Hi, need to submit a 3000 words essay on the topic Contribution of Comparative Law from Asian / African Angle to Global Theory.

In relation to the interview with Jay Griffiths (2007) and the article ‘Beyond Europe’ by Werner Menski (in Orucu and Nelken, 2007), issues within the context of comparative law in global development will be identified and discussed.

Furthermore, the different opinions of authors with regards to how comparative law from Asian and African angle contribute to the development of global theory will be tackled in details. In the process of going through the discussion, facts against theory will be compared and contrast before conducting a critical analysis for conclusion followed by stating some recommended strategies on how we can improve the process of global development and international law.

Comparative law has a significant relationship with global productivity in the sense that the ‘international’ business law is very much similar to the comparative law. Similar to business law, comparative law also studies the relationship between domestic law and international business3. Based on a business point-of-view, comparative law seeks to identify and compare the legal and regulatory business environment of each target foreign country.

Specifically in the article comparative law beyond Europe, Menski (2007) mentioned that the “Asian, African, and other non-Western legal systems are inherently more attuned than Western legal systems of the intellectual and practical challenges of comparative law and legal pluralism”4. It means that there is a possibility for scholars to easily understand the Asian, African, and other non-Western legal systems since the differences in religious laws and other existing laws has a significant impact over the development of business laws in Asian, African, and other non-Western countries5.

 

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Hi, need to submit a 3000 words essay on the topic Islamic finance and banking.

It has been found that these products are very good and attractive to the customers. However, the company can further improve the products and advertise about the products in order to increase the awareness about the products and increase the no. of customers.

Qatar International bank or QIB as it might be called was established in the year 1982 as the first Islamic bank to be opened in Qatar. Over the span of year the bank has emerged as the leading provider of financial services in the region. The bank is the pioneer in the field of Islamic banking in local and regional markets in Qatar. The bank plays a leading role in developing competitive and innovative products and services that are Shari’a Compliant. The bank is the first and largest Islamic bank in Qatar. The bank has strong capital adequacy ratio and a paid up capital of QR 2.36 billion. The bank is constantly rated as A or A+ by different international credit rating organizations. The bank has good presence in both the whole sale and the retrial markets to satisfy the needs of the customers. The bank has strong presence in the Qatar market and has established foot prints across the globe. The bank has international presence in countries such as United Kingdom, Malaysia, Sudan and Lebanon. There are several subsidiaries of the banks which act according to the principles of Shar’ia.

QIB accepts that people are its biggest assets. The aim of the QIB is to be a bank of the people and for the people. The bank aims and commits to enhance the level of customer service and thus aims to become a completely customer centric bank by adopting the latest technologies.

The vision of the company is to form a leading innovative global Islamic bank that adheres to the highest principles of Shari’a and ethics. The company aims to meet the international banking standards, to partner with the developing of the global economy and participate in

 

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Hi, need to submit a 3000 words essay on the topic International Finance.

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This essay declares that British petroleum shortly known as BP was formed in 1998 from the merger of British Petroleum and Amoco grew by buying Atlantic Richfield Company. BP has proved reserves of 18.3 billion barrels of oil equivalent including large holdings in Alaska. BP is the largest oil producer in the US and also top refiner processing 2.8 billions barrels of crude oil per day. BP operates 28,500 gas stations worldwide, including 15,900 in the US. With the success of its ‘BP solar international subsidiary’ BP has created BP alternative Energy (hydrogen, solar and wind power generation) with an initial investment of $1.8 billion. British Petroleum (BP) is one of six vertically integrated private sector oil, natural gas and gasoline super-majors in the world. In the year 2006 BP was ranked 4th in the world by the Fortune Global 500 list, for turnover with sales at $268 billion.

This paper stresses that the main issue faced by multinational corporations in the international financial environment is the valuation of such projects whose cash-flows depend on the exchange rate. Two approaches are used: one based on option-valuation methods and the second based on equilibrium arguments that rely on the international capital asset pricing model. The other factors which need consideration are tax planning and the management of flow of funds within foreign subsidiaries of a given multinational. Two essential and related aspects of this environment are first, the foreign exchange market in which exchange rates are determined and second the international financial system governing exchange rate determination. There is a close connection between interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates.

 

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