Instruction: Write your own short response, 2 hundred word is required on this question, with a minimum of six citations from all of the assigned sources. Outside sources or lack of sources will earn you an automatic zero. Please use the link below as the only source:

Zinn CH8 – http://www.historyisaweapon.com/zinnapeopleshistory.html (Links to an external site.) 

You will be graded on how well you answer the question, use and cite EVERY SINGLE ONE OF the assigned readings in Chicago Style Format (endnotes), and present the information in class. 

 Here’s the question:

1. What were the women at Seneca Falls advocating? Be sure to explain how they understood freedom and liberty. What methods were the feminists using to promote their cause?

 

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INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS:

1.      This assignment consists of THREE (3) questions. Students need to answer ALL questions.

2.      This assignment represents 30% of the total assessment for the module.

3.      Please read the assessment guidelines at the end of the assignment questions.

Question 1

Ibrahim has recently opened a pastry stall and his transaction during May were as follows:

May 1    Started in business with RM1,500 in the bank and RM500 cash.

May 2   Purchased goods to the value of RM1,750 from Dinah, agreeing credit terms of 60 days.

May 3    Bought fixtures and fittings for the pastry for RM150, paying by cheque

May 6    Bought goods on credit from Fatimah for RM115.

May 10  Paid rent of RM300 paying cash.

May12   Bought stationery for RM75 paying by cash.

May14   Sold goods on credit, value RM125, to Hung.

May20   Bought an old van for deliveries for RM2,000 on credit from John.

May30   Paid wages of RM450 net for the month by cheque.

May31   Summarised cash sales for the month and found them to be RM2,500. Took a cheque

  for RM500 as own wages for the month. Banked RM2,000 out of the cash sales over the

              month.

May31   Closing stock was RM500.

You are required to:

(a)  Enter the following transactions in the ledger of Ibrahim and balance off the accounts;

(b)  Prepare a trial balance at 31 May;

(c)  Prepare an income statement at 31 May;

(d)  Prepare a statement of financial position as at 31 May.

 

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INSTANT MESSAGING

NAME:

INSTITUTION:

Abstract.

The world today can be said to be a global village. This is because it does not matter where you are of you want to communicate to anyone in the other continent it is easy and fast. For our organizations and businesses to thrive today there have to be communication from clients to the organization and vice versa. Instant messaging has been one contributing factor to this communications and it has several advantages that have made almost all the companies to choose the service. Despite of the advantages we also have some of the threats towards this instant messaging and also what may be done to ensure that the threats are reduced if not eliminated. In my essay below, I am going to discuss these threats and the second part how to eliminate these threats in the organization.

The threats to instant messaging

There are multiple viruses and worms which affects instant messaging

In the world today of the modern society there are over fifty types of viruses and also worms. In the six months which have passed there are over nineteen types of viruses which are highly associated with the instant messaging applications. These viruses are mostly receive particularly when the files are being transferred from one computer to the other one. These viruses are highly able to pass through the anti-virus programs which give security. The clients of the public instant messaging have also at risks which are highly publicized. These instant messaging’s are prone to spreading of viruses to the different systems and also lead to the computers not being able to carry on some tasks. (Brander, E. 2000, December)

There is also the threat of theft of identity and also authentication may be spoofed

The instant messaging systems that re public mostly allow the users to be able to create identities which are anonymous. These identities are not usually mapped in the electronic mail addresses. Identifications also may be created at any time even if these identities have no individuals who own then. This act of spoofing brings new risks where by these multiple identifications can be used for malicious acts which may not be in the control of the information control teams of the enterprise.

There is also the threat whereby the firewall of the enterprise may be tunneled

Instant messaging users may be able to get to ways in which they are going to tunnel towards the firewalls of the enterprise which may end up creating risks to it. A number of instant messaging services have ports which are adequately publicized example we can talk of yahoo which is 5050 and also MSN which is 1863. The users of instant messaging can be able to use well any port which is in this firewall system which include the other application. These clients may use peer to peer links or the ports which are negotiated randomly. (Mache, N., & Kovacs, E. 2001)

There is also the threat of spamming

According to instant messaging reports, five percent to eight percent of all the information which has been sent through IM is spam. It is important to note that the spam in instant messaging is known as spim. The spam to an enterprise is not worth is and it is more disturbing than the email spams, this is because there are usually pop ups which creates interruptions o the users. 

There is also the threat of leakage of data security from the enterprise.

There may be also content which is leaving the enterprise which has not been well monitored by the department of information technology. This brings about a risk which may be termed as being both legal and also competitive. When transferring files using instant messaging is a way in which may be used to send data which is highly not traceable by any department. This content which is not well filtered makes the possibilities for data bleaches in the company very possible and also it is not possible to come up with policies which are going to come up with policies that will be used to curb this. (Leskovec, J., & Horvitz, E. 2008, April)

How make sure that IM is protected and there is security and prevention of loss of data

It’s important that instant messaging is a means which is here to stay so organizations should embrace and learn how to secure it appropriately. Due to the growth and increase of internet usage, there have been increase need for more communications which is faster, reliable and secure. 

When were are talking of instant messaging the most of the systems are always based on architectures which are client servers. The modern day instant messaging have been created to make sure that the data which is sent is more secure. They are trying to come up with systems which have basic encryptions to enhance better security. (Palin, L. 2002, November)

In order to control some of the security features of the instant messaging the organizations have been allowing scripting. The following are the ways in which organizations and companies can ensure that their instant messaging is secure:

 The organization should implement rules whereby there will be strict rules which will be used for the virus. This is where they have to ensure that there are anti-virus software’s which are installed in their computers. These software should be very effective when it comes to the issues of fighting worms and Trojans which may be spread through instant messaging. The organizations must also come up with updates which are automated so that incase the virus has become more effective than it should be able to fight it on time. 

The organizations also should come up with firewalls. This is a very effective mean which the company may use when controlling instant messaging. This is where by the organization is going to add another new layer when trying to control the instant messaging which is public. The firewalls work such that they are able to deny some information from leaving of entering the system and also they apply the allow rule. Firewalls are ruled which are preinstalled in the system and in case anyone wants to configure then, then they first have to access the internet.

The organizations should also look at the issue of deploying instant messaging servers which are corporate. This is the most important because it has very special features which have strong rules when it comes to the certification and the authentication to the directory infrastructure. 

The company can also secure itself such that in case they decide to choose instant messaging service providers who are external, they have to make sure that the clients of IM are only able access the servers which are designated and not all the servers and ports. To avoid this, then the servers are not supposed to be listed to the public.

Also the organization should make sure that there are audits conducted. These audit reports should be submitted to the information technology experts after a short period of time which is regular for auditing. In case there is an issue then it should be handled with urgency.

The organization should also ensure that there instant messaging is updated. This updating ensures that the information is up to date and also compliance with the new rules and regulations which are governing it. It also ensures that the features which the clients see are updated not just the old ones.

The organization should also make sure that there are policies. These policies should be used when governing instant messaging. When the policies are violated, it will make sure that there is an immediate action which is taken to the person who has violated it.

The employees also have to be well educated. This is where the employees are well informed about instant messaging. The dos and don’ts which they have to operate under. I personally feel that this is the first step which the organization have to take and what they should make sure they operate under. 

References

Brander, E. (2000, December). Interaction and outer action: instant messaging in action. In Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (pp. 79-88). ACM

Palin, L. (2002, November). Instant messaging in teen life. In Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (pp. 21-30). ACM.

Leonhard, A. (2004). How Americans use instant messaging.

Leskovec, J., & Horvitz, E. (2008, April). Planetary-scale views on a large instant-messaging network. In Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web (pp. 915-924). ACM.

Mache, N., & Kovacs, E. (2001). U.S. Patent Application No. 09/727,182.

 

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 Initial Post: Create your own original probability game using cards or dice or possibly some other readily available or common number generator. Keep the rules simple! Pose a scenario for a classmate to play. 

 (I WILL POST THIS NEXT WEEK) Response Post: Choose a scenario of one (1) classmate. Play the game and share your outcome. Was the game well designed? Were the instructions clear? How can you mathematically verify the outcome you received? 

https://www.reference.com/hobbies-games/can-one-make-probability-board-game-bda87edf21af8116 

 

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 Initial Discussion Post: Choose one of the primary source documents from the topic list below. Using the primary source reading, answer the following questions. Use this template provided to complete the assignment.

1. Context (25 points):
   1. Name of the document you chose to analyze
   2. Who is the creator of the document?
   3. Briefly describe the creator of the document. (To answer this question, you may need to use information obtained from the introduction to the source, or other course materials such as the Lib Guide, Intellipath, or your Instructor.)
   4. When and where was the document created? (Again, you may need to use information obtained from the introduction to the source, or other course materials such as the Lib Guide, Intellipath, or your Instructor.)
2. Summary (30 points):
   1. Write a brief summary of the source. (What is the topic or issue of the source? What are the creator’s main points about that topic? What is one interesting thing said in this source?) 
3. Connections (30 points):
   1. How does this source connect to the Unit 4 Learning Material? How does it help you better understand that moment in American History? (Here you want to think about how this source fits into the other material for the unit in the Lib Guide, Intellipath, or your Instructor.)Does this source support what you already know about the topic? If so, how? Or does this source change the way you think about this topic? If so, how?
4. Issue Today (25 points)
   1. Identify how the issue in the document relates to American life today. You will want to use specific examples to explain your points. 

Peer Response (30 points):Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with a reply of at least 100 words about their primary task response.  To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions:

• What did you learn from your classmate’s posting?
• Are there connects between their document and the unit materials that they did not mention?
• Are there connections between what you learned from your source and what you learned about their source?
• What clarification do you need regarding the posting? 

Topics/Sources:

Reagan, R. (1981). Remarks on Signing the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 and the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981, and a Question and Answer Session with Reporters. Retrieved from The American Presidency Project: https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-signing-the-economic-recovery-tax-act-1981-and-the-omnibus-budget-reconciliation

Bush, G. H. (1990). Iraqi Aggression in Kuwait. Speech before the United Nations General Assembly. (See PDF)

Buchanan, P. J. (1992). Address to the Republican National Convention. Retrieved from American Yawp http://www.americanyawp.com/reader/29-the-triumph-of-the-right/pat-buchanan-on-the-culture-war-1992/

Reagan, R. (1987). Tear Down this Wall. Retrieved from The History Place: Great Speeches Collection: http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/reagan-tear-down.htm

 

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