Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part II” document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, and reference content from the study in your responses.

Use the practice problem and two quantitative, peer-reviewed research articles you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.

In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two quantitative studies, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide

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1 postsRe: Topic 1 DQ 2

The geopolitical area contains community boundaries, environmental elements, plant life, weather, public transport, wildlife, facilities and homes. The community may be enveloped by mountains or wilderness. Natural disasters and injuries may arise and fluctuate with geographic areas. A geographic information system can be useful for healthcare specialists when identifying geographic or population boundaries. According to Green (2018), Geographic Information System (GIS) “helps to determine where there are disparities, health behaviors, or health deficits in an environment related to the geography of the area.” A phenomenological place is a mental place rather than a geographical place. This place concentrates on history, culture, economics, education, spiritual beliefs, values and common characteristics (GCU, 2018). These ideas establish a perspective in which the participants of the community feel as though they fit in. The community elements are the bases when identifying the community assessment.

According to Green (2018), “Public health nursing focuses on groups, populations, or the health of an entire geographical sector.” Therefore, whole public health utilizes the knowledge to push interventions to enhance stated health disparities. Public health demands are constantly changing and are what make the advancement of programs to enhance public health.

The community assessment involves studying the protection and wellbeing of a community to comprehend the connections among the people, environment, and resources. The nurse uses various methods of assessment of the environment and population before starting programs. The nurse prepares nursing diagnoses for the community created on the results and challenges decided from the community assessment. Public health nursing is motivated by the demands of the population for the prevention of disease and the development of the communities’ health.

The community health nurse must perform a series of actions to identify subjective and objective data and evaluate the information. After understanding the information, the nurse must recognize the demands and create a plan, an intervention and evaluate the data collected.

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3 postsRe: Topic 1 DQ 2

Phenomenological places focus on “history, culture, economics, education, spiritual beliefs, values, common characteristics, or similar goals (GCU, 2019)” and help the members in a population feel a sense of belonging. The sense of belonging may be experienced in a place with other members who are working towards a common goal, these places usually allow the members to share a common interest as they work towards similar goals. Some examples may be at a library, local animal shelter, a church or place of religion. During an assessment, these individuals may share similar interventions for needs and interventions. Geopolitical places look at certain geographical places that may have an influence on an individuals health. There may be different geographic boundaries and characteristics that can lead to population specific assessment data being collected and the need for geographic related interventions. For example, in recent news we have seen the Bahamas become devastated by Hurricane Dorian, and because of the geological effects from the natural disaster, the people in the Bahamas have many needs and interventions that are needed currently. Geopolitical assessments and interventions may differ based on the climate, natural disasters, vegetation, and animals/insects, for example.Nurses still need to assess the population, identify needs and interventions, and pursue goals and patient specific planning. The nurse will assess with regards to a specific group, or population and address barriers and priorities. The nurse may conduct assessments by primary sources (talking with individuals, conducting a windshield survey, and examining the area) or by utilizing secondary sources (national/state/local sources such as the census bureau, school enrollments, etc., and by conducting surveys for example). By conducting these surveys, the nurse can better determine the needs of a specific community, formulate a community specific nursing diagnoses, and use evidence based practice to to form “achievable strategies to fit the target population, determinated resources, and seeks assistance and/or funding as needed (GCU, 2019).” The nurse can work towards attainable goals for the community to better the public health or reduce risks, leaving the community being intervened with safer.

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2 postsRe: Topic 1 DQ 2

     There are three elements the public health nurse (PHN) must consider when performing a community assessment.These elements include the population, location and social system (Green, 2018).When considering the focus of the assessment in the nursing process the PHN sets borders in order to assess the members within the community and the environment, determining variables and examining groups of people in different data sets.Outlining and identifying features of the population being assessed is the initial step the PHN completes when performing a focused assessment on a population (Green, 2018).Characteristics of the population’s demographic composition are the key elements for evaluating the needs within the defined group.

     PHN need to consider how the environment impacts the health for the population being assessed.The geopolitical place should be factored into a population assessment.The geopolitical place comprises the boundaries of the community, availability of public or private transportation, the characteristics of the geographic area, the climate, housing and native plants and animals (Green, 2018).How each of these elements potentially affects health can all be considered in the assessment.Geopolitical borders include ZIP codes, neighborhoods and school and health districts while man-made borders include streets, bridges and structures.These borders are utilized in epidemiologic studies to establish the demographics and health services/resources.Geographical informational systems are useful to establish patterns of health, inequalities in health within a setting that may be a result of the geographical influences (Green, 2018).By considering the geopolitical influences on a population, the PHN can plan interventions to be implemented.

     In contrast to the geographical and geopolitical location, a phenomenological place is the considers the history, cultures, spiritual beliefs, values and economics of a population (Green, 2018).The phenomenological characteristics of a population are what creates the sense of belonging for members in the community.Individuals may be part of different phenomenological places based on their individual religious, political and cultural beliefs.The PHN should consider the relationships, similar beliefs and goals when performing the assessment in order to establish the health status and needs of the community.

     Following the assessment, the nurse then can determine the needs and risks within the population, set goals, plan interventions to be implemented and then evaluate the outcome.For example, an elementary school nurses assesses the students and finds a large amount to be overweight.After a comprehensive assessment, the nursing diagnosis impaired nutrition: more than bodily requirements is selected.The nurse can than set the realistic goal with the students that they will be able to select 3 healthy foods when presented with different options.Interventions would include education about healthy diet and exercise and the importance of health promotion and healthy lifestyle to prevent disease, taught at the students knowledge level.After the educational sessions are implemented, the nurse can then evaluate and reassess the need for further interventions.

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