Respond on two different days who selected different alterations and factors than you, in one or more of the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the cardiovascular alteration your colleague selected.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

                                                       Main Post

The purpose of this paper is to explore coronary artery disease (CAD), the roles of hypertension and dyslipidemia affect CAD, and exploring if genetics is a factor in CAD. The progression of CAD can lead to myocardial ischemia, infarction, and even death if left untreated. Heart disease remains the number one cause of death in the United States, and understanding these factors plays a continued role in developing strategies, both preventive and treatment efforts.

                                                Coronary Artery Disease 

CAD is normally the result of atherosclerosis, the build-up of plaque due to damaged endothelium that allows fat to accumulate and decrease the diameter of the vessel. The decrease in vessel size allows for blockage and decreased blood flow to the coronary vessel; this leads to ischemia, where the cells are deprived of blood and begin the process of dying if left untreated. Persistent ischemia or the complete occlusion of a coronary artery causes the acute coronary syndromes, including infarction, or irreversible myocardial damage (Huether & McCance, 2017). Also, known as a heart attack or myocardial infarction (MI). Fortunately, the incidence and mortality statistics for CAD have been decreasing over the past 15 years because of more aggressive recognition, prevention, and treatment (Huether & McCance, 2017). 

                         Hypertension’s Role in Coronary Artery Disease 

Hypertension is a consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure (Huether & McCance, 2017).  Fortunately, hypertension a key factor in CAD is modifiable and can be monitored closely to prevent further disease progression. Hypertension is common; it ranks as the number one primary diagnosis in America. Pathophysiological mechanisms of blood pressure as a risk factor for CAD are complex and include the influence of blood pressure as a physical force on the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, and the relationship between pulsatile hemodynamics/arterial stiffness and coronary perfusion (Weber et al., 2016). The presence of hypertension further increases the risk of CAD and may explain why some individuals are more predisposed than others to developing coronary events (Rosendorff et al., 2015). Pathophysiological mechanisms of blood pressure as a risk factor for CAD are complex and include the influence of blood pressure as a physical force on the development of the atherosclerotic plaque, and the relationship between pulsatile hemodynamics/arterial stiffness and coronary perfusion (Weber et al., 2016). Hypertension, when diagnosed early, can be treated accordingly, decreasing the opportunity for the role of exacerbation of CAD.

                       Dyslipidemia’s Role in Coronary Artery Disease

 Huether & McCance (2017) define dyslipidemia as an abnormal concentration of serum lipoproteins, the result of genetic and dietary factors. The hardening aspect of this disease is the result of cholesterol deposits in the vessel, which decrease elasticity and make the vessel wall stiff  (Marsh & Rizzo, 2019). The elevation of lipoproteins creates a narrowing of the vessel diameter, which in turn decreases blood flow to arteries. When dyslipidemia occurs in the coronary arteries, the decreased blood flow can lead to ischemia or infarct, depending on the size of the blockage. Controlling the progression of the disease is important, modifying lifestyle habits; diet and physical activity can help to prevent further complications. Medications are also available to keep lipid levels balanced. 

Genetics Affects of Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease

Dyslipidemia is known as a heritable risk factor for CAD; patients with a family history should inform their practitioner to manage the disease process in the early state. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins are heritable risk factors for CAD, with heritability estimates ranging from 40% to 60% (Tada, Kawashiri, & Yamagishi, 2017). The best treatment is prevention, knowing a patient’s family history is paramount in controlling the lipid levels and keeping them at rates that will prevent CAD. Monitoring labs and dietary modifications assist those with family history and can avoid the progression of CAD. 

Conclusion

Cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of premature death world-wide with factors like abdominal obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia being central risk factors in the etiology (Lidin, Hellénius, Rydell-Karlsson, & Ekblom-Bak, 2018). Hypertension and dyslipidemia both can accelerate the development of CAD. Fortunately, both factors are modifiable and are manageable by lifestyle modifications. Genetics plays a role in both hypertension and dyslipidemia; obtaining an accurate family history allows for early monitoring and controlling the modifiable factors, diet, and physical activity can keep both hypertension and dyslipidemia well controlled. 

 

                                                                                                                                                  References

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Lidin, M., Hellénius, M.-L., Rydell-Karlsson, M., & Ekblom-Bak, E. (2018). Long-term effects on cardiovascular risk of a structured multidisciplinary lifestyle program in clinical practice. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 18(1), 59. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1186/s12872-018-0792-6

Marsh, C. C. . P. D., & Rizzo, C., MD. (2019). Hypertension. Magill’s Medical Guide (Online Edition). Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89093446&site=eds-live&scope=site

Rosendorff, C., Lackland, D. T., Allison, M., Aronow, W. S., Black, H. R., Blumenthal, R. S., … White, W. B. (2015). Treatment of hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and American Society of Hypertension. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 9(6), 453–498. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1016/j.jash.2015.03.002

Tada, H., Kawashiri, M., & Yamagishi, M. (2017). Clinical Perspectives of Genetic Analyses on Dyslipidemia and Coronary Artery Disease. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 24(5), 452-461. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.5551/jat.RV17002

Weber, T., Lang, I., Zweiker, R., Horn, S., Wenzel, R. R., Watschinger, B., . . . Metzler, B. (2016). Hypertension and coronary artery disease: Epidemiology, physiology, effects of treatment, and recommendations. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 128(13-14), 467-479. doi:10.1007/s00508-016-0998-5

 

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Respond on to  two different days who selected different immune disorders and/or factors than you, in the following ways:

Share insights on how the factor you selected impacts the pathophysiology of the immune disorder your colleague selected.

Expand on your colleague’s posting by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

 

                                                    Main Post

 

                            Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):

Irritable bowel syndrome is a problem of a bowel function of the gastrointestinal tract.  IBS is one of the most common reasons for gastroenterologist consultation (Hammer & McPhee, 2019).  Irritable bowel syndrome symptoms are persistent abdominal pain, gas, bloating and with bowel disturbance; there are four subtypes of IBS: constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), mixed (IBS-M), or unsubtyped IBS (IBS-U) (Kosako et al., 2018).  The incidence of IBS is higher in women; it is 1.5 to 3 times higher than men; with greater incidence in youth and middle age (Huether & McCance, 2017).

There is no known pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome and no specific biomarker for the disease (Huether & McCance, 2017).  Increasing evidence showed due to the different types of symptoms presentation of IBS that there are possibilities of correlation to altered gut microflora, gut immune responses, neuroendocrine cell function, the brain-gut axis, genetic predisposition and epigenetic factor (Huether & McCance, 2017). Despite the global frequency and disease burden of IBS, its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear (Ng QX et al., 2018).  Inflammation may provide a pathogenic role in IBS; research has shown the occurrence of mucosal irritation at the microscopic and molecular degree in IBS (Ng QX et al., 2018).  It also been reported that considerable overlaps between IBS and inflammatory bowel disease (Ng QX, et al., 2018). 

Psoriasis:

Psoriasis is one of the common issues of chronic skin inflammation. The prevalence of psoriasis affects both sexes and in most ethnic groups (Huether & McCance, 2017).  Most common occurrences are in people in their 30s, but it can also happen soon after birth (Hammer & McPhee, 2019).  Familial history of psoriasis is common, and the genetic process is complicated (Huether & McCance, 2017). 

The inflammatory dynamic of psoriasis involves the multifaceted interaction between macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T helper cells, and regulatory T cells. The influence of these immune cells can signal the secretion of multiple inflammatory mediators such as interferon, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and various cytokines including interleukin 12, 23 and 17 (Huether & McCance, 2017).  

Maladaptive consequences of IBS and psoriasis:

Skin diseases, including psoriasis, appeared to impact a substantial adverse effect on patients’ health-related quality of life (Jung et al., 2018).  Individuals with psoriasis report that the illness has various physical and mental implications, such as social isolation and stress, depression, shame, and anxiety (Jung et al., 2018).

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have been found to have a significant reduction in quality of life (Arluwaili, et al., 2018). People with IBS report that the disease broth substantial psychosocial consequences such as social lifestyle and activities, emotional, food, and diet interest (Arluwaili, et al., 2018).

Refences

Alruwaili, A. M. M., Albalawi, K. S. A., Alfuhigi, F. R. D., Alruwaili, A. F., Altaleb, B. A. A., & Aljarid, J. S. (2018). Effects of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) on the health-related quality of Life among Saudi Males at Al-Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 73(4), 6581–6585. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=132302964&site=eds-live&scope=site

Hammer, G. D., & McPhee, S. J. (2019). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Jung, S., Lee, S.-M., Suh, D., Shin, H. T., & Suh, D.-C. (2018). The association of socioeconomic and clinical characteristics with health-related quality of life in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study. Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes, 16(1), 180. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1186/s12955-018-1007-7

Kosako, M., Akiho, H., Miwa, H., Kanazawa, M., & Fukudo, S. (2018). Impact of symptoms by gender and age in Japanese subjects with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): A large population-based internet survey. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 12. https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1186/s13030-018-0131-2

Ng QX, Soh AYS, Loke W, Lim DY, & Yeo WS. (2018). The role of inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Journal of Inflammation Research, 345. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.4b6f79137ef348099ec9533069da7bbb&site=eds-live&scope=site

 

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Respond to at least two of your colleagues on 2 different days who were assigned different case studies than you. Analyze the possible conditions from your colleagues’ differential diagnoses. Determine which of the conditions you would reject and why. Identify the most likely condition, and justify your reasoning.

                                           Main Post

Purpose: 

This purpose of this assignment is to review case study #3 knee pain, and use the information to evaluate, form possible diagnoses, and practice documenting in soap format. Documenting in SOAP note format allows a practitioner to assess and document that the patient was treated with a holistic approach (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon, & Stewart, 2019). 

Case 3: Knee PainA 15-year-old male reports dull pain in both knees. Sometimes one or both knees click, and the patient describes a catching sensation under the patella. In determining the causes of the knee pain, what additional history do you need? What categories can you use to differentiate knee pain? What are your specific differential diagnoses for knee pain? What physical examination will you perform? What anatomic structures are you assessing as part of the physical examination? What special maneuvers will you perform? 

Patient Information:ANW              15                     1/19/04                       M                     Caucasian                                               

(CC): “My knees hurt, sometimes I hear a clicking sound, and they get stuck.” 

History of Present Illness (HPI): Alexander (Alex) is a 15 year old Caucasian male who has come to the clinic complaining of pain in his knees. He states “sometimes it is just one knee that clicks and sometime it is both,” Alex states that his “knees get stuck or catch under the knee cap”. He rates the pain as 3/10 most days but after games the pain can be 6/10. He describes the pain as “dull and achy,” like I have done too much stuff. He states the pain started “a few weeks ago” and it was once in a while but now they hurt almost every day. He said his coach wants him to get his knees checked out before the next game.

Medications: Motrin 200mg po Nightly.

Allergies: KNA 

Past Medical History (PMH): None 

Past Surgical History (PSH): None Sexual/Reproductive History: Heterosexual. Identifies as male. Denies sexually active. 

Personal/Social:  Alexander is a sophomore He plays on the basketball, baseball, soccer, football, track and wrestling team. He also loves to swim but states they do not have a team at the school. Alex states although he loves sports he wants to become a “sports doctor” and be a sports coach in his part time. Alex is proud of his 4.2 GPA and plans to graduate 1 year early and start college. He lives with his mother, adoptive father, maternal grandmother, and older sister.  Alex says he has a half-brother that is 5 that leaves in Tennessee with his biological father. He states his biological father had a baby boy that died at birth a few years ago.  He reports seeing his biological father a few times in the last few years. He states he has a girlfriend is named Heather, is also a sophomore and that she is a cheerleader and also plays soccer. He reports that he and Heather are not sexual active but if they become active they will use condoms. Alex is excited to get his license soon. He reports he wears his sit belt in the car and wears all protective sport gear. Denies tobacco use, drinking, illicit drug use. Reports he tried Marijuana x1 and a beer in 2018 at a party.

Immunization History: All immunization up to date per mother. Received flu vaccine 10/2018. Verified through Florida Immunization Registry. 

Family History:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Mother: Hx Breast Cancer. Seasonal Allergies. Anxiety.                                                                                                                                                           Maternal Grandmother: Asthma                                                                                                                                                                                               Paternal Grandfather: Died in 2009 liver Cirrhosis from etoh abuse.Father: MI age 30 from cocaine abuse. Bipolar disorder.                                                                                                                                                        Maternal Grandmother: None                                                                                                                                                                                      Paternal Grandfather: Substance AbuseSister: 19 Asperger’s, Anxiety, Depression.                                                                                                                                                                                    Half-Brother- 5 Cerebral Palsy                                                                                                                                                                                              Half Brother-Deceased Still Born

ROS:General:  Denies fatigue, weakness, fever, chills, sweat, loss of appetite, and weight loss.                                                                                                                    HEENT: Denies any wounds, lumps, or pain. Denies vision issues. Denies hearing issues. Reports a nose bleed once last year after being hit during a soccer game. Reports no issues eating, swallowing, or pain in throat. Reports he saw the dentist last week.Neurological: Denies headaches, pain, and dizziness or head injuries. Denies changes in memory. Denies numbness and tingling.Skin: Denies any wounds, rashes or moles. Reports, “I have a birth mark on my right butt check”.Cardiovascular: Denies chest pain, palpitations, and racing. No hx noted.Peripheral Vascular: No hx noted.Respiratory: Denies SOB, cough, and pain.Gastrointestinal: Denies abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea. Reports not troubles eating. Reports he eats “lots of pasta for energy”.Genitourinary: Denies issues including nocturia, dribbling, incontinence, discharge, or pain upon urination. Musculoskeletal: Reports knee pain bilaterally dull and achy 3/10 presently. Denies issues, running, jumping, kicking, or bending. Reports clicking sounds at times when knee is flexed and extended. Hematologic: Denies bleeding or bruising. Reports nose bled last year after being hit in a soccer game. No other hx notedLymphatics: Denies swelling and tenderness. No Hx noted.Endocrine: Denies heat or cold intolerance, excessive thirst or urination, or tremors. No hx noted.Psychiatric: Denies depression, thought of self- harm. Reports anxiety when taking Chemistry tests.Allergies: Denies.Physical Exam: BP 120/70 adult cuff/right arm/sitting, P 72 regular, RR 18 unlabored. O2 98%, T 98.6 temporal. Weight 185. Height 5 feet 11 inches. BMI 25General: Aox4, looks stated age, pleasant, well groomed, and cooperative. Makes eye contact when speaking and answering questions. No s/s of distress.HEENT: Head symmetrical No visual deformities noted. PER/EOMI. Responds to questions with no requests to repeat. Breaths through nares no s/s of congestion, or allergies. Teeth are intact, bright white, straight, and no odor from mouth present.Neurological: AOX4, No s/s of neurological deficits. Adequate recall.Neck: No visual lesions, no enlargement, no JVD. Skin/Lymph: Intact. No wounds, lesions, scars or moles noted. Tan in complex. No signs of edema or cyanosis. No nodes observed upon palpation. Chest/Pulmonary: Chest is symmetrical. CTA AP&L. Respiration even and unlabored noted at 19. No noted SOB, RR noted at 18, SPO2 98%. No use of accessory muscles noted. Heart/Vascular: S1 and S2 noted. RRR. No murmurs, rubs, or gallops noted. Less than 3 capillary refill. All Pulses 3+. HR slightly elevated along with BP indicative of pain.Abdomen: Deferred No issues noted. Genital/Rectal: Deferred no issues noted.Musculoskeletal: Ambulates on own, full weight bearing. Mild swelling, tenderness, warmth noted in bilateral knees. Pain with palpation over the tibial tuberosity. Flinches upon flexion and extension of both knee.Diagnostic Results/Manipulation Test:                                                                                                                                                                                        Negative Lachman test.                                                                                                                                                                                                            Negative Homan’s sign. Negative McMurray test.        Differential Diagnoses                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome                                                                                                                                                                                                     2. Meniscus tear                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Osgood Schlatter Disease                                                                                                                                                                                                             4. Osteogenic Sarcoma                                                                                                                                                                                                           5.Stress fracture

DIAGNOSIS/CLIENT PROBLEM       

The most probable diagnosis for Alex is Petellofamoral pain syndrome. This syndrome is pain that is caused by overuse of the knee caps (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2015). It is prevalent in those who play sports, especially those that involve jumping and running (Mayo Clinic, 2018). This syndrome causes pain around the knee cap, stiffness, and may also cause the popping and clicking sound that Alex describes and that is present upon evaluation (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2015). This condition is sometimes called runner or jumper’s knee (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2015). Alex plays multiple sports that have high impact on the knees. It is common in women and in adolescents (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2015). Alex has the signs and symptoms of this condition, including pain upon examination. This condition would explain the pain that Alex’s is reporting in both versus an injury that would be more likely to shoe in just one knee. Another possible diagnosis for Alex is bilateral torn meniscuses. A meniscus tear is when there a tear takes place to the cartilage that is located behind the knee cap (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2014). It is one of the most common knee injuries, especially in those that play sports (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2014). The signs and symptoms of this condition are swelling, stiffness, clicking or popping sound, not being able to extend the knee fully, and a feeling that your knee is going to “give out” (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2014). Alex is very active in many different sports and shows all signs and symptoms of this condition except for negative McMurray sign. McMurray test is a manipulative test is that performed to detect a tear in the meniscus (Ball et al, 2019). A palpable or audible click with this maneuver means that there is tear present in either the lateral or medial meniscus (Ball et al, 2019). It is very unlikely that Alex would have a torn meniscus in both knees at the same time  Osgood Schlatter Diease is yet another possible diagnosis for Alex. This condition is a swelling and irritation of the growth plate in the legs near the shine bone (Kids Health Nemours, 2019).This condition usually takes place in children who are still growing and that have active lifestyles (Kids Health Nemours, 2019). This condition is common in those who play sports that involving running and jumping (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, 2015). Alex is the correct age for the condition and is very active in the sports that cause this condition. This condition would explain the pain Alex is experiencing but not necessarily the clicking or popping sound. Although Osteogenic Sarcoma is a less likely diagnosis for Alex it may still be a possible diagnosis. Osteogenic Sarcoma is a type of cancer that forms at the ends of bones as they grow (Johns Hopkins Medicine, n.d). It affects those younger in age still growing (Johns Hopkins Medicine, n.d). Alex does fit the age range, with the most common age being 15 (Johns Hopkins Medicine, n.d). This condition would explain the pain being reported, however this condition is a very rare (Johns Hopkins Medicine, n.d). An Xray , MRI and CT will be able to establish if a tumor is present (Johns Hopkins Medicine, n.d).  It would be very unlikely that this condition will present in both knees at the same time. Additionally this condition would not explain the clicking and pooping sounds present in the knees. A stress fracture or tiny break in a one is another possible diagnosis for Alex due to his increased sports activity (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons 2007). Stress fractures are a very common injury in those that play sports (Dains, Baumann, & Scheibel, 2019). Although the stress fracture would cause the pain is experiencing it would not explain the clicking in the knees. Additionally it is unlikely unless Alex has a previous condition such as osteoporosis that both knees would experience a fracture at the same time. An Xray of the knees will be able to establish if a fracture exists.  Treatment Plan: Diagnostics                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Bilateral patella XRAY                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Bilateral MRI of patella                                                                                                                                                                                                                    CT Scan

MedicationTreatment                                                                                                                                                                                                                  RICE treatment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mobic 7.5mg po daily.                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Knee stretching exercise.

Education                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Patient and parent on diagnosis.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               RICE therapy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Medications usage and side effects.                                                                                                                                                                                                 Educate on stretching.                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Provide stretching pamphlet.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Referral and follow-up. 

Referral/Consultation                                                                                                                                                                                                           Pediatric orthopedist                                                                                                                                                                                                              Physical therapyFollow Up Planning                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1 month

References

American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons.(2014). Meniscus Tears. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/meniscus-tears/American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. (2015). Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Knee Pain). https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/osgood-schlatter-disease-knee-pain/American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. (2015). Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome/American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. (2007). Stress Fractures. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/stress-fractures/Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2019). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d). Osteogenic Sarcoma. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/kimmel_cancer_center/centers/pediatric_oncology/becoming_our_patient/cancer_types/osteogenic_sarcoma.htmlKids Health Nemours. (2019). Osgood Schlatter Disease. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/osgood.htmlMayo Clinic. (2018). Patellofemoral pain syndrome. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/patellofemoral-pain-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20350792

 

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Post-Graduation Plan

In this Discussion, you complete the Post-Graduation Plan you began to develop in Weeks 6 and 7. Your Post-Graduation Plan is an opportunity to explore how you may continue to develop your professional and leadership skills, promote change in your department and organization, and stimulate progress in the nursing profession.  

Your Post-Graduation Plan (geared toward the next 2–3 years) should feature two to five career and/or personal goals; goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely. In your plan, outline necessary steps for achieving these goals. Also, consider how you can reflect these goals in your curriculum vitae (CV).

To prepare:

• Consider      the following:
  • As       a graduate of Walden University’s DNP program, how will you contribute to       or influence factors/developments related to ethics, standards, politics,       economics, technology, etc.?
  • What       opportunities will you pursue to develop scholarship, engage in community       service, and/or teach?
  • In       which professional organizations or associations would you like to become       an active member?
  • What       opportunities do you foresee for attending conferences, delivering       presentations and posters, writing papers, lobbying, etc.?
  • How       will you engage in ongoing review of research/stay current on the       literature?
  • What       strategies do you plan to employ for cultivating professional       relationships?
  • Would       you plan to run for political office or join a committee?
  • Explain       how you will continue to develop skills as a nurse leader, particularly       in your area of specialization (e.g., certifications).
  • How       you may accommodate for the dynamic health care environment (i.e., how       you will build in a renewal cycle/alternate steps to achieve goals)
  • How       you may account for unexpected personal or professional events in the       planning and attainment of professional goals

By Tomorrow Tuesday 8/6/19 before 10pm, in APA format and a minimum of 3 references, create a short summary PowerPoint with a minimum of 10 slides that features five goals and describes steps for achieving these goals.

Required Readings

Resources for the Post-Graduation Plan (also shared during Weeks 6 and 7):

Dickerson, P. S. (2010). Continuing nursing education: Enhancing professional development. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 41(3), 100–101. 

This article examines current frames of reference for continuing nursing education and the work that is guiding the future.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012). Career resource center. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/students/career-resource-center

This website provides a battery of resources for nursing graduates seeking employment.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2010). Career tools and advice. Retrieved from http://www.newcareersinnursing.org/scholars/career-central/tools

This website supplies a variety of guides on applying for jobs.

American Nurses Association. (2012). Career & credentialing. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/CertificationandAccreditation

This website provides links to guides on careers and credentialing. The website also highlights special membership benefits for ANA members.

Optional Resources

Bolles, R. N. (2012). What color is your parachute? 2012: A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers. New York, NY: Ten Speed Press.

Isaacs, K. (2010). Surviving and thriving in the workplace: Resume tips for nurses. Ohio Nurses Review, 85(6), 5.

 

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Post-Graduation Plan

In this Discussion, you complete the Post-Graduation Plan you began to develop in Weeks 6 and 7. Your Post-Graduation Plan is an opportunity to explore how you may continue to develop your professional and leadership skills, promote change in your department and organization, and stimulate progress in the nursing profession.  

Your Post-Graduation Plan (geared toward the next 2–3 years) should feature two to five career and/or personal goals; goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely. In your plan, outline necessary steps for achieving these goals. Also, consider how you can reflect these goals in your curriculum vitae (CV).

To prepare:

• Consider      the following:
  • As       a graduate of Walden University’s DNP program, how will you contribute to       or influence factors/developments related to ethics, standards, politics,       economics, technology, etc.?
  • What       opportunities will you pursue to develop scholarship, engage in community       service, and/or teach?
  • In       which professional organizations or associations would you like to become       an active member?
  • What       opportunities do you foresee for attending conferences, delivering       presentations and posters, writing papers, lobbying, etc.?
  • How       will you engage in ongoing review of research/stay current on the       literature?
  • What       strategies do you plan to employ for cultivating professional       relationships?
  • Would       you plan to run for political office or join a committee?
  • Explain       how you will continue to develop skills as a nurse leader, particularly       in your area of specialization (e.g., certifications).
  • How       you may accommodate for the dynamic health care environment (i.e., how       you will build in a renewal cycle/alternate steps to achieve goals)
  • How       you may account for unexpected personal or professional events in the       planning and attainment of professional goals

By Tomorrow Tuesday 8/6/19 before 10pm, in APA format and a minimum of 3 references, create a short summary PowerPoint with a minimum of 10 slides that features five goals and describes steps for achieving these goals.

Required Readings

Resources for the Post-Graduation Plan (also shared during Weeks 6 and 7):

Dickerson, P. S. (2010). Continuing nursing education: Enhancing professional development. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 41(3), 100–101. 

This article examines current frames of reference for continuing nursing education and the work that is guiding the future.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012). Career resource center. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/students/career-resource-center

This website provides a battery of resources for nursing graduates seeking employment.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2010). Career tools and advice. Retrieved from http://www.newcareersinnursing.org/scholars/career-central/tools

This website supplies a variety of guides on applying for jobs.

American Nurses Association. (2012). Career & credentialing. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/CertificationandAccreditation

This website provides links to guides on careers and credentialing. The website also highlights special membership benefits for ANA members.

Optional Resources

Bolles, R. N. (2012). What color is your parachute? 2012: A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers. New York, NY: Ten Speed Press.

Isaacs, K. (2010). Surviving and thriving in the workplace: Resume tips for nurses. Ohio Nurses Review, 85(6), 5.

 

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