Part I: Protecting Patient Information

Each time a patient visits a  doctor; is  admitted to a hospital; goes to a pharmacist; or sends a claim to  a  health plan, a record is made of their confidential health information.  In  the past, family doctors and other health care providers protected  the  confidentiality of those records by sealing them away in file  cabinets and  refusing to reveal them to anyone else. Today, the use and  disclosure of this  information is protected by a patchwork of state  laws, thereby leaving gaps  in the protection of patients’ privacy and  confidentiality.

Respond to the following  questions:

• Do confidentiality and       security play a role in  providing effective protection to patients’       information? Why or  why not? Justify your views using examples. 
• How will you use these       concepts to protect health information? 

Justify your  answers with appropriate  research and reasoning by using examples and  references from textbooks,  the South University Online Library, and other  acceptable references.  Cite sources in the APA format. Further, comment on  the postings of at  least two peers.

Part II: Legal and Ethical Issues

Each state has statutes  that govern the  practice of medicine in that state. These are called medical  practice  acts and are meant to protect the health and safety of the public   (Fremgen, 2012). Each state legislature establishes a state medical  board  that has the authority to control the licensing of physicians.  While some  slight differences exist from state to state, in general,  these practice acts  define who must be licensed to perform certain  procedures (Fremgen, 2012).  These acts also specify requirements for  licensure; the duties of the  licensed physician; grounds on which the  license may be revoked or taken  away; and reports that must be made to  the government or other appropriate  agencies (Fremgen 2012).

When healthcare workers  hold patients’  lives in their hands, they must know the right thing to do  when  complications arise (Aiken, 2009). Most healthcare training focuses on   what steps should be taken when medical emergencies or clinically  related  problems arise (e.g., apply pressure to stop bleeding).

In addition to clinical  and medical  complications, healthcare professionals must also deal with  complicated  ethical dilemmas (Aiken, 2009). For example, if a person who is   bleeding is HIV positive, or if someone did not want heroic measures  taken to  save his or her life, should rescue breathing be started?  These are ethical  dilemmas, and the healthcare worker entrusted with  the well-being of patients  must know or be able to discern the right  and the wrong thing to do. Ethics  helps determine the right thing to do  in the case of a moral dilemma (Aiken,  2009).

Accordingly,  respond to the following:

• What  are the legal and ethical issues that  patients, health care providers, and the  society face? Compare and  contrast using examples. 
• As  a health care professional, suggest ways to handle these issues. 

Justify your  answers with appropriate  research and reasoning by using examples and  references from textbooks,  the South University Online Library, and other  acceptable references.  Cite sources in the APA format. Further, comment on  the postings of at  least two peers.

Source: 

Fremgen, B.  (2012). Medical law and ethics. (4th  ed.). Boston, MA: Prentice
             Hall.  

Aiken, T. (2009). Legal and ethical issues in health occupations. (2nd ed.). St.             Louis, MO: Saunders.            

 

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Current Scenario of Health Insurance Plans

Currently, in the United States, an individual is not required to  purchase a health insurance plan. However, according to Section 1501 of  the PPACA, beginning in 2014, “Individuals will be required to maintain  minimum essential coverage beginning in 2014. Failure to maintain  coverage will result in a penalty of $95 in 2014, $350 in 2015, $750 in  2016 and indexed thereafter.”

Currently, employers are not required to provide health insurance  coverage to their employees. However, in 2014, the employers’  responsibility in health insurance coverage will change, according to  the PPACA. This is the latest update in a long line of US health care  reform efforts.

Using South University Online Library or the Internet, search on the  topic of latest health care reforms. On the basis of your research and  your understanding of the topic, answer the following questions:

• Track the progress of health care reform efforts in the US history  starting with the early 1900s detailing the role of Presidents’  attempting to pass health care reform.
• Give your views on the AALL’s efforts to pass National Health Reform.
• What are the issues of culture, politics, and special interests in  the United States that have made health care reform difficult to  achieve?
• Of these three issues, which issue do you find to be the most difficult to overcome? Why?
• What is path dependency? What has this been an issue in health reform? How can the power of inertia be overcome?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of PPACA that was passed in 2010?

 

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Health Insurance and Economy

When dealing with public health policy and laws, we need to consider  various aspects of the economy. Concepts of efficiency can be utilized  when deciding which goods and services should be produced and who should  receive them.

The three types of efficiencies are allocative, production, and  technical. The two types of health economics are positive and normative.  Positive Economics deals with “what is” or the current status that is  linked to a clear standard of measurement. Normative economics deals  with “what ought to be” and is subject to interpretation with the moral  or ethical aspects of a policy. Your lecture has more details.

Using South University Online Library or the Internet, search the  article, “The Interplay of Public Health Law and Industry  Self-Regulation: The Case of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Sales in Schools.”

On the basis of the article and your understanding on the topic,  write a 3- to 4-page essay in a Microsoft Word document on the three  types of economic efficiencies and both positive and normative economics  as it relates to regulating sugar-sweetened beverage sales in schools.

Support your statements with at least two other scholarly sources,  correctly formatted in APA style. This assignment requires a title page,  an introduction, a body, a conclusion, and a separate reference page.

Submission Details:

• Support your responses with reasoning and examples.
• Cite any sources in APA format.

 

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What is a recent ethical dilemma that you encountered in your practice? Why was it a dilemma and how was it handled?

 

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Leininger’s theory or the Culture Care theory, involves knowing and understanding cultural differences in the area of Nursing care practice. Her theory emphasizes that different cultures requires different but effective care. This knowledge provides culturally specific meanings and expression in relation to care and health. Without this theory an array of ineffective care can easily be presented. 

For example; A patient’s diet can be of great significance in their care. Not having thoroughly thought out culturally appropriate meals prepared for the sick can ultimately change the trajectory of how effective an outcome will be. Culturally competent nursing care helps ensure patient satisfaction an positive outcomes. 

  

Every race or culture may perceive or demonstrate the effect of pain differently. She developed a theory and research method designed to guide nurses to (a) understand cultural similarities and differences in how people care for themselves and others during health, illness, disability, dying, and death, and (b) provide culturally congruent, competent, and sensitive care. Wehbe-Alamah, Hilba B) Leininger’s Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory: Classic and New Contributions. As written in The Parents’ Cultural Care Towards Promoting Child Development; A quantitative approach that was carried out with parents of children below five years old, who were registered in a healthcare service from Picos city, Piaui State, Brazil. 

Nurses are expected to explore even more the probable performance according to each child’s age and considering the child development stage, moreover, respecting the cultural care provided by their parents.  

  

The conception model was designed to guide Nursing practice therefore, Without understanding one’s culture, the risks of inadequate care arises. Conceptual modes are important in guiding the development of the discipline of nursing. Studies continue to show that patient satisfaction scores especially in the Hospital environment grossly increases when close attention and consideration is give to the Patient’s culture an their ways of life.

Leiniger’s model provides three action modes nurses can use to help bridge care and provide care to someone with respect to their individual beliefs, cultural background, and values. 

These modes are all used today in a variety of clinical settings.

 

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