Analyze the ANA’s definition of the nurse’s role in in ethics and human rights and the role of the DNP in eliminating health disparities.

 

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• Identify the professional code of ethics for your professional specialty or a specialty that you are interested in, describe the decision criteria, and analyze each theory using examples and the Ethical Theory Matrix Template.
  Moral Theories, Principles of Health Care Ethics, and Professional Ethics Codes
  Ethics is a branch of philosophy devoted to the study of morality. Ethics has a long history of theories about determining right from wrong and identifying the principles of living a good life. For this assessment, you will be asked to apply foundational principles in ethics, such as autonomy and justice, in a relevant health care setting.
  Each profession within health care has its own code of ethical behavior designed to help individuals within that profession to make sound ethical choices in carrying out the tasks and practices particular to their professional role. It may be useful to locate one or more relevant codes of ethics for your current or desired career path. This research will be beneficial to your professional development, and you will have a chance to apply it to the Tonya’s Case: Ethics and Professional Codes assessment in this course.
  Autonomy, Truth-Telling, and Confidentiality
  These are broad-ranging topics, which, if taken alone, seem almost comically simple. Of course, rational people of legal age should be able to make decisions concerning themselves and their minor children. Of course, medical professionals should be honest with patients, and, of course, patients should be honest with members of their health care teams. Of course, one’s medical issues should be kept private. But rarely are things as simple as they seem. Take some time to scratch beneath the surface, and we encounter myriad ethical dilemmas.
  Honesty tends to be a revered trait in many cultures. However, many people admit to lying occasionally, especially if the intent is to spare someone pain, embarrassment, or anguish. Is lying to someone because of love, concern, or reputation ever ethical?
  Privacy and confidentiality are also important concepts. But are there limits? Can the greater good ever outweigh the rights of individuals?
  And at what point can others, whether an individual or an entity such as a government body, ethically determine someone’s actions, fate, or choices? Fluoridated water, smoking regulations, compulsory K–12 education, and speed limits are only a few examples of how we, as a society, agree to limited personal freedoms because these things are good for us.
  Demonstration of Proficiency
  By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competencies through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:
  
  • Competency 1: Articulate ethical issues in health care. 
    • Articulate the time-tested theories of ethics.
    • Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the time-tested theories of ethics.
  • Competency 4: Explain the conceptual framework that health care leaders use to make ethical decisions. 
    • Identify the decision criteria of the time-tested theories of ethics.
  • Preparation
    As you begin work on your Ethical Theories Matrix assessment, it may be helpful to review the suggested resources focused on moral and ethical considerations. For your own reference, you may want to briefly jot down your thoughts related to:
  • An inventory of the basic principles of health care ethics. These principles are nonmaleficence, beneficence, utility, distributive justice, and autonomy.  
    • An explanation of each principle as well as your own example to illustrate the application of each.
  • Instructions
    Drawing from the material covered in the resources as well as your own research, complete this assessment using the Ethical Theory Matrix Template [DOC].
  • For each theory, first describe the decision criteria. The decision criteria are the instructions the theory gives for how to reach the morally correct choice in a situation that requires action.
  • Then, provide your own example of how someone might act using the decision criteria of the theory.
  • Finally, briefly describe the strengths and weaknesses of each theory using the last two columns of the Ethical Theory Matrix Template.
  • The suggested resources for this assessment could help you get a start on completing the matrix, but do not hesitate to use any outside resources that you can find online, the Capella library, or elsewhere.
    This matrix is a tool you will use throughout the rest of the course. Submit your completed matrix as an attachment to this assessment.
    Refer to the Matrix of Ethical Theories Scoring Guide for more information on how this assessment will be graded.

 

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• Write a 2-3 page paper that examines the moral and ethical considerations of organ conscription policies and theories.
  Scarcity of Medical Resources
  For this assessment, you will continue your survey of ethical principles in health care. Especially in our contemporary world, where needs for health care outstrip available resources, we regularly face decisions about who should get which resources.
  There is a serious shortage of donor organs. Need vastly outstrips supply, due not only to medical advances related to organ transplantation, but also because not enough people consent to be cadaveric donors (an organ donor who has already died). Munson (2014) points out that in the United States, approximately 10,000 patients die each year because an organ donor was not available, which is three times the number of people killed in the terrorist attacks on 9/11.
  But what is an efficient and morally sound solution to this problem? The policy of presumed consent, where enacted, has scarcely increased supply, and other alternatives, such as allowing donors to sell their organs, raise strong moral objections. In light of this, some have advocated for a policy of conscription of cadaveric organs (Spital & Erin, 2002). This involves removing organs from the recently deceased without first obtaining consent of the donor or his or her family. Proponents of this policy argue that conscription would not only vastly increase the number of available organs, and hence save many lives, but that it is also more efficient and less costly than policies requiring prior consent. Finally, because with a conscription policy all people would share the burden of providing organs after death and all would stand to benefit should the need arise, the policy is fair and just.
  Demonstration of Proficiency
  By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria:
  
  • Competency 1: Articulate ethical issues in health care. 
    • Articulate the moral concerns surrounding a policy of organ conscription.
    • Articulate questions about the fairness and justness of organ conscription policy.
    • Explain the relevance and significance of the concept of consent as it pertains to organ donation.
    • Evaluate alternative policies for increasing available donor organs.
  • Competency 5: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and respectful of the diversity, dignity, and integrity of others and is consistent with health care professionals. 
    • Exhibit proficiency in clear and effective academic writing skills.
  • References
    Munson, R. (2014). Intervention and reflection: Basic issues in bioethics (concise ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
    Spital, A., & Erin, C. (2002). Conscription of cadaveric organs for transplantation: Let’s at least talk about it. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 39(3), 611–615.
    Instructions
    Do you consider the policy of organ conscription to be morally sound?
    Write a paper that answers this question, defending that answer with cogent moral reasoning and supporting your view with ethical theories or moral principles you take to be most relevant to the issue. In addition to reviewing the suggested resources, you are encouraged to locate additional resources in the school  library, your public library, or authoritative online sites to provide additional support for your viewpoint. Be sure to weave and cite the resources throughout your work.
    In your paper, address the following:
  • On what grounds could one argue that consent is not ethically required for conscription of cadaveric organs? And on what grounds could one argue that consent is required?
  • Is the policy truly just and fair, as supporters claim? Explain.
  • Do you consider one of the alternative policies for increasing available donor organs that Munson discusses to be preferable to conscription? Explain why or why not.
  • Submission Requirements
  • Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting guidelines.
  • Length: 2–3 typed, double-spaced pages.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

 

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Assignment Details

Unit 6 assignment: Ethics Handout

Purpose: The Purpose of this assignment is for you to learn the principles of ethical conduct in research as defined in the Belmont Report, the role of the IRB, and the role of the RN in protecting human subjects in research.

Outcomes addressed:

NU310-4: Determine the ethical principles necessary to protect human subjects and avoid scientific misconduct in research.

PC 2.3: Demonstrate integrity through the application of relevant codes of conduct and social responsibility within one’s profession.

Ethics Handout Project:

For this assignment you will create a colorful handout that you will post on a bulletin board in your staff lounge or disseminate to work colleagues to inform them of ethical conduct in human research and protection of participants.

Be creative with the handout using color and make it interesting.

I. Content of the Handout:

1. Include a brief historical overview of ethics and the need for human protection

            (for example the Belmont Report and how it came about).

1. Include legal and ethical issues relevant to nursing research.
2. Briefly state the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
3. Procedures for protecting individuals:
   1. Informed consent.
   2. Identify vulnerable or at risk participants and explain special considerations.
   3. Privacy and confidentiality issues.
   4. Justice and fair treatment of research participants.
   5. The RN’s role in protecting human subjects.
4. Section containing frequently asked questions concerning protection of human subjects with answers provided.

II. Presentation of Handout

1. Name and credentials at the bottom.
2. The handout should have attractive formatting that is legible and well-organized and is presented with a mix of interesting graphics along with text.
3. Handout should be colorful and interesting and well organized.
4. Spelling, grammar, and punctuation should be correct throughout the document.
5. Provide at least 5 scholarly references and list them in APA format on a separate document.

 

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