Hello Professor and Classmates,
Issue: A mother who is HIV positive has passed the virus to her adolescent child. The mother is refusing to disclose the virus to her adolescent daughter out of fear of ruining the child’s chance at a normal childhood.
Discussion: While the mother has every right to protect her daughter, this is a situation where the daughter is at an age where she should know the truth about her health. This is not an easy situation to deal with by any means and the way this situation is handled will determine the impact that it has on the child’s mental health condition. Although the daughter is not at an age where she can handle her own medical treatment, I believe she has the right to know about her condition. In some cases a minor can consent to treatment but this is often regulated by state and HIPAA defaults to whatever guidelines that are outlined by the state regarding adolescent consent. In the aforementioned situation the child has no clue that they are HIV positive. Most people would conclude that the mother should tell the child because it will help the child cope with being HIV positive early on rather than find out about it later on in life where it will have a greater impact on the child’s mental health. In some cases the doctors may be worried as well about the mother’s reaction if they tell the child that she has HIV. Physician assurances of confidentiality may increase an adolescents’ willingness to disclose information but this may not work out in favor of the physician if they disclose to the child that she is HIV positive (Berlan E. D., Bravender T., 2009).
This scenario is a doubled edge sword because the child has the right to know about her condition and the mother has a right to privacy. The mother is right in her regard to be worried because there is a chance that people will judge her because of her daughter’s condition. Protecting a person’s dignity has been a part of medical practice since the early 1900’s (Elsayyad, A., 1960). I believe the staff could do a better job of explaining the condition to the child so that the mother does not have to but it is the mother’s decision at this time to disclose the information to the child. The mother decisions will have both negative and positive results regardless of her decision to withhold the condition from the child. Making an ethically sound decision in this case is difficult because it is not a decision that can be made on the spot, there are second and third order effects that will take place and they must be accounted for before a decision is made.
Plan of Action: For now, the staff should abide by the mothers wishes and treat the daughter as they have been, but they should come up with a plan of action with a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist to sit with the mother and weigh the pros and cons of withholding the condition from the child. I would recommend and / or take the following actions to assist the family in aforementioned situation.
Develop a plan of action with a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist:
1. Plan of Action: I would speak with a counselor to determine the best approach to use to convince the mother that explaining the condition to the child is in the child’s best interest. When a child understands the seriousness of their health condition they are more apt to abide by the rules outlined by the doctor. The daughter in this scenario may began to understand that it is imperative she takes her medicine. There are a few benefits that the mother can obtain from this as well because she has been living with the condition and is able to manage it as an adult. A counselor will be able to help the family understand that there are other families living with the condition and are able to live a normal life. The may be able to place them in contact with focus groups as well to help gain support as well. I believe that the aforementioned plan of action is a solid enough approach for the staff to take, at the least it will be a start in what I believe is the right direction.
2. Counseling: The mother and daughter will both need to undergo counseling. Initially the family may attend counseling together but each party will eventually need to undergo one-on-one counseling with a licensed practitioner in order to address their individual struggles with living HIV positive.
3. Recommend Focus Groups: I would research and find focus groups so that the family can have support. It is important to interact with individuals who understand delicate conditions enough to not judge individuals for their conditions. These focus groups may include activities like sporting events and other social events with other people or families who are HIV positive. This is likely very important for finding dates as well.
4. AIDS: The last and likely the most important aspect of this treatment is to let the child know that it is not her fault that she has this condition (Mabuka J., Nduati R., Odem-Davis K., Peterson D., Overbaugh J., 2012). The mother will need to have this addressed as well because she may continually blame herself for the child’s condition when at the end of the day it is a condition that a lot of people suffer from regardless of how it was contracted. Making the best of a bad situation is the most important aspect that the family should take from this plan of action (just not in those words).
I do not believe that I need more information that what was provided. I believe that the mothers concerns are normal. I believe that her reasoning for with-holding information form the child is logical to a point, but is not in the best interest of the child. I believe that the plan of action is ethical and that no further information is needed.
V/R
Carl D. Nelson Jr.
Berlan E. D., Bravender T. (2009). Confidentiality, consent, and caring for the adolescent patient. Curr Opin Pediatr. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. 450-6. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ce009.
Elsayyad, A. (1960). “Informed Consent for Comparative Effectiveness Trials” (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. New England Journal of Medicine. 370: 1958–1960. doi (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.:10.1056/NEJMc1403310 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
Mabuka J, Nduati R, Odem-Davis K, Peterson D, Overbaugh J (2012). Desrosiers RC, ed. “HIV-Specific Antibodies Capable of ADCC Are Common in Breastmilk and Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Transmission in Women with High Viral Loads” (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. doi (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002739 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. PMC (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. 3375288 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. PMID (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. 22719248 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
ReplyReply to Comment
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello, please I need help with writing a discussion board topic on the Volkswagen scandal; I already gave my thread and reply one classmate but I’ve hit a wall with a 2nd classmate reply… any assist rendered will be greatly appreciated. Please see below:
*************************************************************
Topic: Business Ethics Thread Prompt: Rarely does one individual’s decision or action create an ethical crisis entirely by itself. More often, someone’s unethical or illegal idea is adopted by other members of the company, and the problem grows within the organization until it erupts in headlines, bad publicity, and sometimes criminal penalties. After the fact, the questions always arise: How did that happen? Didn’t anyone know it was going on? Why didn’t someone stop it? Recently, Volkswagen found itself in just such a position, when it was discovered that the software in the company’s diesel vehicles had been programmed to provide false data to regulators regarding the level of emissions produced by the cars. In his article “Volkswagen: Where Were the Lawyers?” Lippe (2015) questions the role that several groups within the company played in the scandal, most notably the company’s lawyers and engineers. Review this situation from legal, spiritual, and ethical perspectives. Fully explain the following: As an employee or a manager in either the legal office or the engineering department, how would you have prevented this incident? As the CEO of the diesel division of Volkswagen, how would you have responded when the Reply to the threads of 2 classmates who offer views different than yours. Identify the points of difference in your analyses and explain how your application of the relevant law to the facts of this situation led you to a different conclusion. Each reply must be supported by 3 scholarly sources other than the textbook/course materials. Each source must be properly cited in current APA format. Review the Assignment Instructions for Discussion Board Forums, noting especially requirements for word counts, scholarly sources, and biblical worldview integration. Submit your thread by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 2, and submit your replies by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Sunday
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello,
Please look at the attached file and let me know your conset. And no plagiarism please.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
d- He was called the “Little Magician” because of his political skill
5- At Gettysburg, the Confederate army:
broke through the Union center
b-
c- was repulsed with terrible losses
d- led the Confederate retreat.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello,
Please walk me through this problem:
Future Value At age 30 you invest $1,000 that earns 8 percent each year. At age 40 you invest $1,000 that earns 12 percent per year. In which case, would you have more money at age 60?
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello,
Please
assist in addressing Cost Accounting in Health Care Financial question below if possible?
Cost accounting is one of the most challenging areas in accounting to understand. A cost accounting system is a system for recording, analyzing and allocating cost to the individual services provided to patients (e.g., medications, procedures, tests, room and board) (Becker’s Hospital Review, 2014). The healthcare industry has been working toward the goal of correlating cost with quality. Read Porter, M. E., & Lee, T. H. (2016). From volume to value in health care: The work begins.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello,
Political Science question. Instructions and details attached. Must be original work.
Think
about a specificissue or policy that you are interested in and/or that has impacted you personally. Use the assigned resources that are provided for this journal to gather information about the goals and proposals, in that issue area, of three U.S. political parties – the Democratic and Republican parties and a third party. For the journal, write about the following two ideas: Where do the three political parties (Republican, Democrat, and your choice of a third party) currently stand on this issue? Do they have national support? Explain your rationale.
Thinking about your own Political Ideology that we discussed in the introduction discussion, which party’s stance on the issue you selected is closest to your own? Which is the furthest from your ideals? Why?
Your nameInstitutionCourse titleDate of submission Environmental issuesEvery citizen has its rights and freedoms that the government should protect and avoidoverstepping in their mandate. The…
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello Professionals, please help me with below questions.
Two bonds A and B have the same credit rating, the
same par value and the same coupon rate. Bond A has 30 years to maturity and bond B has 5 years to maturity.
– Discuss which bond will trade at a higher price in the market
– Discuss what happens to the market price of each bond if the interest rates in the economy go up.
– Which bond would have a higher percentage price change if interest rates go up?
– Try to substantiate your argument with a numerical example.
As a bond investor, if you expect slowdown in the economy over the next 12 months, what would be your investment strategy?
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Develop a Matrix that is based on 4 specific categories:
• Critical Path at Risk• Why is Task at Risk• Plan to prevent Risk• Action if Risk occurs
Explain the appropriateness of this matrix and elaborate on its contribution to the efficiency and effectiveness of project management. Submit a 7-10 page APA formatted deliverable where you provide comprehensive analysis of these 4 specific categories.
Please see attachment as it explains the project and critical path.
thank you.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello Professor and Classmates,
Issue: A mother who is HIV positive has passed the virus to her adolescent child. The mother is refusing to disclose the virus to her adolescent daughter out of fear of ruining the child’s chance at a normal childhood.
Discussion: While the mother has every right to protect her daughter, this is a situation where the daughter is at an age where she should know the truth about her health. This is not an easy situation to deal with by any means and the way this situation is handled will determine the impact that it has on the child’s mental health condition. Although the daughter is not at an age where she can handle her own medical treatment, I believe she has the right to know about her condition. In some cases a minor can consent to treatment but this is often regulated by state and HIPAA defaults to whatever guidelines that are outlined by the state regarding adolescent consent. In the aforementioned situation the child has no clue that they are HIV positive. Most people would conclude that the mother should tell the child because it will help the child cope with being HIV positive early on rather than find out about it later on in life where it will have a greater impact on the child’s mental health. In some cases the doctors may be worried as well about the mother’s reaction if they tell the child that she has HIV. Physician assurances of confidentiality may increase an adolescents’ willingness to disclose information but this may not work out in favor of the physician if they disclose to the child that she is HIV positive (Berlan E. D., Bravender T., 2009).
This scenario is a doubled edge sword because the child has the right to know about her condition and the mother has a right to privacy. The mother is right in her regard to be worried because there is a chance that people will judge her because of her daughter’s condition. Protecting a person’s dignity has been a part of medical practice since the early 1900’s (Elsayyad, A., 1960). I believe the staff could do a better job of explaining the condition to the child so that the mother does not have to but it is the mother’s decision at this time to disclose the information to the child. The mother decisions will have both negative and positive results regardless of her decision to withhold the condition from the child. Making an ethically sound decision in this case is difficult because it is not a decision that can be made on the spot, there are second and third order effects that will take place and they must be accounted for before a decision is made.
Plan of Action: For now, the staff should abide by the mothers wishes and treat the daughter as they have been, but they should come up with a plan of action with a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist to sit with the mother and weigh the pros and cons of withholding the condition from the child. I would recommend and / or take the following actions to assist the family in aforementioned situation.
Develop a plan of action with a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist:
1. Plan of Action: I would speak with a counselor to determine the best approach to use to convince the mother that explaining the condition to the child is in the child’s best interest. When a child understands the seriousness of their health condition they are more apt to abide by the rules outlined by the doctor. The daughter in this scenario may began to understand that it is imperative she takes her medicine. There are a few benefits that the mother can obtain from this as well because she has been living with the condition and is able to manage it as an adult. A counselor will be able to help the family understand that there are other families living with the condition and are able to live a normal life. The may be able to place them in contact with focus groups as well to help gain support as well. I believe that the aforementioned plan of action is a solid enough approach for the staff to take, at the least it will be a start in what I believe is the right direction.
2. Counseling: The mother and daughter will both need to undergo counseling. Initially the family may attend counseling together but each party will eventually need to undergo one-on-one counseling with a licensed practitioner in order to address their individual struggles with living HIV positive.
3. Recommend Focus Groups: I would research and find focus groups so that the family can have support. It is important to interact with individuals who understand delicate conditions enough to not judge individuals for their conditions. These focus groups may include activities like sporting events and other social events with other people or families who are HIV positive. This is likely very important for finding dates as well.
4. AIDS: The last and likely the most important aspect of this treatment is to let the child know that it is not her fault that she has this condition (Mabuka J., Nduati R., Odem-Davis K., Peterson D., Overbaugh J., 2012). The mother will need to have this addressed as well because she may continually blame herself for the child’s condition when at the end of the day it is a condition that a lot of people suffer from regardless of how it was contracted. Making the best of a bad situation is the most important aspect that the family should take from this plan of action (just not in those words).
I do not believe that I need more information that what was provided. I believe that the mothers concerns are normal. I believe that her reasoning for with-holding information form the child is logical to a point, but is not in the best interest of the child. I believe that the plan of action is ethical and that no further information is needed.
V/R
Carl D. Nelson Jr.
Berlan E. D., Bravender T. (2009). Confidentiality, consent, and caring for the adolescent patient. Curr Opin Pediatr. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. 450-6. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32832ce009.
Elsayyad, A. (1960). “Informed Consent for Comparative Effectiveness Trials” (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. New England Journal of Medicine. 370: 1958–1960. doi (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.:10.1056/NEJMc1403310 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
Mabuka J, Nduati R, Odem-Davis K, Peterson D, Overbaugh J (2012). Desrosiers RC, ed. “HIV-Specific Antibodies Capable of ADCC Are Common in Breastmilk and Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Transmission in Women with High Viral Loads” (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. doi (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002739 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. PMC (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. 3375288 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. PMID (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. 22719248 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
ReplyReply to Comment
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Hello Professor and Classmates,
The topic that I have selected to speak about is Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD). Smart phones are basically hand-held computers that allow each of us the ability to carry our virtual reality addictions from location to location as we go about our daily activities. I know that this is a mouth full, but it is true, and I have this addiction as well. I am aware that there are several benefits of having a smart phone. There are businesses that use smart phones to keep clients informed when there is a change in scheduling or to find a location of a residence when providing a service such as lawn and cable services. There is also the chance that there may be an emergency afoot that requires medical assistance or law enforcement. All of the aforementioned situations fall within the parameters of what is considered to be normal use of a smart phone. I will add that certain businesses such as a day trader for a stock broker will likely look up trends or watch the rise and fall of stocks as a means to advice their clients, for these purposes the constant use of a smart phone does not constitute addictive behavior. Addictive behavior does not include constant use of a cellular phone for livelihood, I want to make that clear in this post up front.
The Negative: When smart phones become your social life, there are issues that should likely be addressed. I am a bit old fashioned and believe in face-to-face contact with human beings for social stimulation. While smart phones provide much assistance in planning activities or giving guidance, they should not be a person’s sole go-to for social stimulation. Application games, what’s App, Text Messaging, Facebook, and other applications are very trendy and many individuals cannot part ways with their smart phone as a result of an addiction to the internet while using their smart phone. The same occurs when using laptops and desktop computer systems. One statistic states that over 40 percent of the world’s population uses the internet and that there is no pathway from adaptive to pathological internet use, there is no widely used accepted diagnosis criteria (Carli V., Durkee T., Wasserman D., 2013). When you research IAD is the DSM-5 you will find that it is listed as a disorder that needs more research (American Psychiatric Association., 2013)). IAD is gaining traction but all of the details have not been worked out regarding IAD. A person is said to have an addiction once their use of the internet interferes with their lifestyle.
Discussion: While eating at Applebee’s I witnessed a woman and a child eating at a table. The child had the typical coloring and crossword diagram that is usually handed to children by the restaurant’s staff. The child tried to show the mother her work but was ignored multiple times. The mother sat at the table with her smartphone in her hand and I thought to myself, what is the point of taking your child to dinner if you are not going to use the opportunity for a bit of parental bonding. From where I sat, I could see that the mother was browsing repeatedly between facebook and Instagram. Could the mother be addicted to the internet and social media or is she simply within what is considered to be the norm for internet usage. I would argue that social media is not a part of family dinner unless it is being used in a family type of setting and every member associates what is occurring on social media to their dinner. I believe social media can enhance family gatherings but if you use it to the point of ignoring immediate family members such as your children then it may be time to take a break from it.
Social Stigma: There is definitely social stigma associated with internet addiction. There is a very popular argument that is made regarding the youth particularly here in the United States. The older population states that the younger population depend far too much on their electronics, to include their smartphones. They believe these “millennials” are weak and lack good old fashioned morals. While I understand exactly where the dinosaurs (older population, myself included) of American citizens are coming from, I believe we push the social stigma that continual use of the internet leaves no room for physical interaction, at least not in the regard that way we experienced it growing up. In some cases addictions are not bad, I am sure some people have had a spike in interest by using the internet and they were able to acquire enough interest in it that they became program developers. Some people also believe that to become extremely good at anything, you must have some sort of obsession, while obsession and addiction appear the same they are completely two different things. Addiction is said to help a person escape reality while obsession becomes a part of their daily lives. Should we call this internet business an obsession or an addiction? If we call it an addiction then this means that the person uses the internet to escape reality, if we use the aforementioned definition. This would be more appropriate for video gamers in my opinion and not for people who use social media sites like facebook and Instagram. These sites typically use factual information from other individual’s lives and allows the user to publish real time live adventures. The line appears somewhat thin when talking obsession versus addiction. In any case there is much social stigma associated with each of these.
Positive points of addiction: If a person is addicted to working out their body then this is likely not a bad addiction to have. The upside of it is that the individual may lead a healthy lifestyle with would likely promote longevity. A person who is addicted to video games may find the need to create their own. In this instance their addiction to video games would have sparked an interest enough to drive a creative mindset in the individual that they can use as a form of lively hood. The chances of developing a social media platform such as facebook or Instagram is likely slim to none so I do not believe addictions to these websites can lead to anything that would be beneficial. A person may find the need to promote their business and in this case their addiction to social media would supplement their income because they will likely know the ins-and-outs of where to go on social media to pull in the targeted crowd of people needed to sustain their business. Addictions can be vises but they can also be a way to enhance our lifestyles particularly and internet addiction.
V/R
Carl D. Nelson Jr.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Retrieved from http://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/book.aspx?bookid=556Links to an external site.
Carli V., Durkee T., Wasserman D. (2013). The association between pathological Internet use and comorbid psychopathology: asystematic review. Psychopathology 46(1),1-13
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"