Hi dear,
can you help me to finish this assignment with good quality and be on time please?
t e research and critical thinking to describe a contemporary drug use issue, including legislation, policies, messages, attitudes, affected populations and prevalence of use.t
There is a example of the assignment attached.
A. Drug Use Issues
Choose a current issue in the news or new or proposed legislation regarding a drug discussed in Chapters 1-4. For example, the city of San Diego decided to allow both cultivation and distribution of recreational marijuana. In another example, the federal Department of Health and Human Services is investigating why insurance companies make opioids more accessible than other pain treatments by making opioids less expensive.
Use what you learned from the article/news report, from Chapters 1-4 in your textbook and from at least two additional academic sources to answer the following 8 questions. You need to obtain information from your additional sources to be able to answer these questions and not just use the one article you chose.
1. ARTICLE/NEWS REPORT: Give a very brief summary of what the article says.
2. MESSAGES:
A.What messages is this article/report giving?
b. What conflicting or mixed messages are being given about this issue to the public?
3. RESTRICTIVE LEGISLATION: What restrictive legislation or policies exist regarding this issue? (Cite your source)
4. ATITUDES: What are the present-day attitudes related to this issue? (Cite your source)
POPULATIONS: See handout below on how to report on populations. (Cite your source)
a. Does this issue have a greater impact on certain population?
b. Which ones (age, region, ethnicity, socioeconomic level or other)?
5. PREVALENCE: What is the prevalence of use of this substance (most recent year available) in your city or state? You will need to look up the prevalence. See handout on how to report on prevalence, below. (Cite your source)
6. VIOLENCE: Is this substance associated with violence or crime (pharmacological, economically compulsive or systemic – see pages 38-39 of text book)? (Cite your source)
7. OPINION: What is your opinion on this issue and why? (For example, do you agree with the proposed legislation or policy change? What do you think about increasing or decreasing access to the substance?) You do not need any citations here but you may include them if you want.
FORMAT: Use these headings to make sure you don’t leave anything out (See sample post)
1. ARTICLE/NEWS REPORT:
2. MESSAGES:
3. RESTRICTIVE LEGISLATION:
4. ATITUDES:
5. POPULATIONS:
6. PREVALENCE:
7. VIOLENCE:
8. OPINION:
Sources:
· Because this is college, you need to use at least TWO academic sources: from government reports or scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles. This will give you experience doing academic research. You can use the course textbook or other sources as additional sources, but they will not count as one of the two required sources. Read the handout (below) on scholarly sources.
· Use the NU library to find your sources. If you don’t know how, contact the NU library for help.
· Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from an article).
· Do NOT use any quotations. Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.
· Use in-text citations. Write the source of your information at the end of the applicable sentences using APA 6th edition format. This will give you practice using APA to cite references.
· List all the references in APA 6th Edition format at the end of your post in a References list.
NOTE: If you are new to APA, I recommend that you use an online citation builder such as APA Style Central http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/ or the NU library database to automatically format your references correctly. You can also get help from the Writing Center https://nu.mywconline.com/ and the NU library on how to use APA to cite references.
READ THE DISCUSSION RUBRIC BEFORE YOU START. COMPARE WHAT YOU WRITE WITH THE RUBRIC. READ THE SAMPLE POST BEFORE YOU START.
IMPORTANT: Do NOT submit your first draft. First, read what you wrote out loud. Check for:
– Missing words or letters
– Missing or misplaced periods, apostrophes, commas
– Incomplete sentences
– 2 or more sentences strung together that should be made into separate sentences
– Putting something is past tense that should be in present tense or vice versa
– Plural words that should be singular or singular words that should be plural
– Making the verb and subject match (plural or tense)
AFTER you make these corrections, then post your discussion.
Then post 2 responses to other student posts, at least 5-6 full sentences long. You do not need to include any citations in your responses, but you can if you would like.
HOW TO REPORT ON PREVALENCE AND POPULATIONS:
Those of you who are not majoring in public health may not have had experience reporting about prevalence or populations. When you are asked to report the prevalence of use of a certain drug, it means something specific. You will need to look it up. Below are some sources where you can find this information.
For statistics on drug, alcohol or tobacco use in your city, county, state and region, or nationwide:
· The University of Michigan Monitoring the Future Study http://monitoringthefuture.org – Results of an annual survey of adolescent drug use appear in mid-December of each year.
· The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) http://samhsa.gov
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-use-illegal.htm
· Healthy People 2020 – Healthy People 2020 (select the topic area of interest, e.g., substance abuse or tobacco.)- https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#topic-area=3500
What is Prevalence? https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/what-is-prevalence.shtml
· Prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.
How is Prevalence Estimated?
· To estimate prevalence, researchers randomly select a sample (smaller group) from the entire population they want to describe. Using random selection methods increases the chances that the characteristics of the sample will be representative of (similar to) the characteristics of the population.
· For a representative sample, prevalence is the number of people in the sample with the characteristic of interest, divided by the total number of people in the sample.
# of people in sample with characteristic
Prevalence = ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Total # of people in sample
· To ensure a selected sample is representative of an entire population, statistical ‘weights’ may be applied. Weighting the sample mathematically adjusts the sample characteristics to match with the target population.
How is Prevalence Reported?
· Prevalence may be reported as a percentage (5%, or 5 people out of 100), or as the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. The way prevalence is reported depends on how common the characteristic is in the population.
· There are several ways to measure and report prevalence depending on the timeframe of the estimate.
o Point prevalence is the proportion of a population that has the characteristic at a specific point in time.
o Period prevalence is the proportion of a population that has the characteristic at any point during a given time period of interest. “Past 12 months” is a commonly used period.
o Lifetime prevalence is the proportion of a population who, at some point in life has ever had the characteristic.
How is Prevalence Different from Incidence?
· Incidence is a measure of the number of new cases of a characteristic that develop in a population in a specified time period; whereas prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period, regardless of when they first developed the characteristic.
· Researchers may study incident (new) cases of illnesses to help identify causes and prevent additional cases. Incidence is often reported for infectious diseases.
I want to point out an excellent example of reporting on prevalence from one of the Discussion 1 posts:
The following is a good example of how to report on prevalence:
MDMA is most commonly used by teens and young adults, although the overall percentage of the population who have used in their lifetime is relatively small. In a 2002 study, 80-82% of 10th-12th grade students said that they did not condone the use of MDMA, and ~9% of 12th graders had used the drug in the past year (Landry, M., 2002, p. 164, 166). Recent numbers suggest that this rate has dropped significantly, with the 2016 NIDA survey reporting that only 2.7% of 12th graders had used the drug in the past year. In 2014, approximately 17 million people over the age of 12 reported using the drug in their lifetime (NIDA, 2017)
HOW TO REPORT ON POPULATIONS: (see example below)
MDMA is used mostly by young adults between the ages of 18-25, and is more commonly used by Whites than Hispanics or Blacks. While at its peak in the 1990’s and early 2000’s it was thought to be used predominantly by men, some studies found that women were more likely to use the drug in certain geographic regions (Wu, P. et al.). It is frequently used at electronic music festivals (raves) and in the nightclub scene, and research shows that it is more commonly used by homosexual men and women than heterosexuals (NIDA, 2017). Between 1980 and 2000, MDMA was mainly used by middle-class Whites, with the western United States showing the highest usage; however, due to increases in availability, other demographics appear to be catching up (Bahora, Sterk & Elifson, 2009).
ACADEMIC SOURCES
An important step in writing a term paper or in completing many assignments includes finding information in periodicals. In general, information in periodicals is more timely, current, and up-to-date, than information in books. When professors and/or librarians speak of the periodical literature, they may use several different terms, such as, magazines, serials, or scholarly journals.
In order to look for the right kind of information in the right places, you first need to understand the assignment. Does your professor want you to look for papers in scholarly journals, or will recent articles from substantive, general interest or popular magazines be more appropriate? Once you understand the assignment, you need to know how to distinguish one kind of periodical literature from another. Here are some rough guidelines:
• A serial or periodical is any publication that appears at regular intervals (weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annually) and is intended to continue indefinitely. Magazines, journals, newspapers, yearbooks, proceedings, and indexes are all serials.
• Magazines are commercial serial publications intended for any of a wide variety of readers. Some magazines provide news and general information to a popular audience, while others are aimed at professionals in various fields.
• Newspapers are commercial periodicals that are issued daily, weekly or biweekly, featuring cover age of news and current events as well as opinion and advertising. Newspapers seek to inform, explain, influence and entertain readers. Some papers such as the New York Times, USA Today or the Gainesville Sun target the general public, while others aim for a more defined audience.
•
Scholarly vs. Popular Periodicals
GEORGE A. SMATHERS LIBRARIES
August 2007
Journals, or scholarly, scientific journals, are periodicals generally published by an institution, professional association or learned society, and contain articles that disseminate current information on research and developments in particular subject fields. Before an editor of a journal publishes a manuscript, the editor and a team of specialists on the journal editorial board examine the manuscript carefully, to be sure that the article will contribute to the knowledge of the field. Because of the rigorous evaluation process, these publications are also referred to as refereed or peer-reviewed journals.
Sources of information
For statistics on drug, alcohol or tobacco use in your city, county, state and region, or nationwide:
· The University of Michigan Monitoring the Future Study http://monitoringthefuture.org – Results of an annual survey of adolescent drug use appear in mid-December of each year.
· The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) http://samhsa.gov
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-use-illegal.htm
Healthy People 2020 – Healthy People 2020 (select the topic area of interest, e.g., substance abuse or tobacco.)- https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#topic-area=3500
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Drug Use And Abuse 18946537
/in Uncategorized /by developerhi dear,
can you help me to finish this assignment with good quality and be on time please?
follow the instruction blow. there’s attachments of example and sources of information. the example is very clear.
1. Choose a substance described in your readings from the first few weeks of the class.
2. Choose a year or decade in United States history within the past 175 years. (See below for a list of suggested years if you need help to get started, but you can choose other years or decades).
Cocaine – 1860’s, 1885s, 1906 or 1914
Amphetamines – 1932 or 1967
Opium – 1890’s
Heroin – 1890 or 1920’s
Hallucinogens – 1960’s
Marijuana – 1920’s, 1937 or 1960’s
Anabolic steroids – 1960’s, 1970’s
Alcohol – 1920’s
Tobacco – 1930’s, 1960’s
Anti-psychotic drugs – 1955
Barbiturates – 1960’s, 1070’s
Benzodiazepines – 1960’s
Tobacco – 1880’s, 1920’s or 1060’s
Caffeine – 1860’s
Answer the following questions about the substance, using your sources:
3. What were the attitudes towards the substance in that year/decade?
Compare to today. (cite your source)
4. How easily available was it then?
Compare to today. (cite your source)
5. How widespread was its use then?
Compare to today. (cite your source)
6. Did certain ethnic, religious, cultural, racial, age, etc. groups tend to use it more then? Compare to today. (cite your source)
7. Were there regulations or laws restricting its use?
Compare to today. (cite your source)
8. In your opinion, what has improved since then? What has not improved? (no citation needed)
9. What surprised you the most about your findings? (no citation needed)
10. Harm reduction vs. zero tolerance: Do you think we should strive to totally eliminate abusive drug-taking behavior in the US, or do you think that we should realize that total elimination is unrealistic and try to reduce the harm that drugs do to the user and others? What do you think about harm reduction programs such as needle exchange programs and medication assisted treatments? (no citation needed)
(See page 44 in textbook for a description of harm reduction vs. zero tolerance).
Format:
Use the following headings for your post: (See sample post)
1. Substance
2. Years or Decade
3. Attitudes
4. Availability
5. Widespread Use
6. Groups affected
7. Regulations/Laws
8. What has improved or not
9. What surprised me
10. Harm Reduction vs. Zero Tolerance
Sources:
· Because this is college, you need to use at least TWO academic sources: from government reports or scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles. This will give you experience doing academic research. You can use the course textbook or other sources as additional sources, but they will not count as one of the two required sources. Read the handout (below) on scholarly sources.
· Use the NU library to find your sources. If you don’t know how, contact the NU library for help.
· Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from an article).
· Do NOT use any quotations. Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.
· Use in-text citations. Write the source of your information at the end of the applicable sentences using APA 6th edition format. This will give you practice using APA to cite references.
· List all the references in APA 6th Edition format at the end of your post in a References list.
NOTE: If you are new to APA, I recommend that you use an online citation builder such as APA Style Central http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/ or the NU library database to automatically format your references correctly. You can also get help from the Writing Center https://nu.mywconline.com/ and the NU library on how to use APA to cite references.
READ THE DISCUSSION RUBRIC BEFORE YOU START. COMPARE WHAT YOU WRITE WITH THE RUBRIC. READ THE SAMPLE POST BEFORE YOU START.
IMPORTANT: Do NOT submit your first draft. First, read what you wrote out loud. Check for:
– Missing words or letters
– Missing or misplaced periods, apostrophes, commas
– Incomplete sentences
– 2 or more sentences strung together that should be made into separate sentences
– Putting something is past tense that should be in present tense or vice versa
– Plural words that should be singular or singular words that should be plural
– Making the verb and subject match (plural or tense)
AFTER you make these corrections, then post your discussion.
Then post 2 responses to other student posts, at least 5-6 full sentences long. You do not need to include any citations in your responses, but you can if you would like.
ACADEMIC SOURCES
An important step in writing a term paper or in completing many assignments includes finding information in periodicals. In general, information in periodicals is more timely, current, and up-to-date, than information in books. When professors and/or librarians speak of the periodical literature, they may use several different terms, such as, magazines, serials, or scholarly journals.
In order to look for the right kind of information in the right places, you first need to understand the assignment. Does your professor want you to look for papers in scholarly journals, or will recent articles from substantive, general interest or popular magazines be more appropriate? Once you understand the assignment, you need to know how to distinguish one kind of periodical literature from another. Here are some rough guidelines:
• A serial or periodical is any publication that appears at regular intervals (weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annually) and is intended to continue indefinitely. Magazines, journals, newspapers, yearbooks, proceedings, and indexes are all serials.
• Magazines are commercial serial publications intended for any of a wide variety of readers. Some magazines provide news and general information to a popular audience, while others are aimed at professionals in various fields.
• Newspapers are commercial periodicals that are issued daily, weekly or biweekly, featuring cover age of news and current events as well as opinion and advertising. Newspapers seek to inform, explain, influence and entertain readers. Some papers such as the New York Times, USA Today or the Gainesville Sun target the general public, while others aim for a more defined audience.
•
Journals, or scholarly, scientific journals, are periodicals generally published by an institution, professional association or learned society, and contain articles that disseminate current information on research and developments in particular subject fields. Before an editor of a journal publishes a manuscript, the editor and a team of specialists on the journal editorial board examine the manuscript carefully, to be sure that the article will contribute to the knowledge of the field. Because of the rigorous evaluation process, these publications are also referred to as refereed or peer-reviewed journals.
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Drug Use And Abuse 18951137
/in Uncategorized /by developerhi dear,
can you help me to finish this assignment with good quality and be on time please?
follow the instruction blow. there’s attachments of example and sources of information. the example is very clear.
Discussion Questions
Research and report on the acute and long-term physical and behavioral effects of a drug of your choice and discuss opinions on the legalization of drugs.
1. Choose a substance described in your readings for the first three weeks of the class.
Answer the following 8 questions about the substance, using your sources:
1. What are the behavioral effects of the substance? (cite your source)
2. What are the physiological effects of the substance? (cite your source)
3. What are the acute health effects of using this substance? (cite your source)
4. What are the chronic health effects of using this substance? (cite your source)
5. Are any of these effects worse when combined with other drugs? Which ones? (cite your source)
6. What did you learn that surprised you the most? (no citation needed)
In order to answer questions 7 & 8, WATCH THESE THREE SHORT VIDEOS to learn the difference between legalization and decriminalization of drugs.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2OP8JFKMTcQ Big Think The Harvard economist explains why legalizing all drugs—including cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine—would be a better policy than the current prohibition.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_0CN_42YWg Dr. Carl Hart on Legalization vs Decriminalization of Drugs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQJ7n-JpcCk How Portugal Successfully Tackled Its Drug Crisis
Then read the following from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_liberalization.
Drug legalization
Drug legalization calls for a return to the pre-20th century situation in which almost all drugs were legal. This would require ending government-enforced prohibition on the distribution or sale and personal use of specified (or all) currently banned drugs. Proposed ideas range from full legalization which would completely remove all forms of government control, to various forms of regulated legalization, where drugs would be legally available, but under a system of government control which might mean for instance:
· Mandated labels with dosage and medical warnings,
· Restrictions on advertising,
· Age limitations,
· Restrictions on amount purchased at one time,
· Requirements on the form in which certain drugs would be supplied,
· Ban on sale to intoxicated persons,
· Special user licenses to purchase particular drugs.
· A possible clinical setting for the consumption of some intravenous drugs and/or supervised consumption.
The regulated legalization system would probably have a range of restrictions for different drugs, depending on their perceived risk, so while some drugs would be sold over the counter in pharmacies or other licensed establishments, drugs with greater risks of harm might only be available for sale on licensed premises where use could be monitored and emergency medical care made available. Examples of drugs with different levels of regulated distribution in most countries include: caffeine (coffee, tea), nicotine (tobacco), and ethyl alcohol (beer, wine, and spirits).
Full legalization is often proposed by groups such as libertarians who object to drug laws on moral grounds, while regulated legalization is suggested by groups such as Law Enforcement Against Prohibition who object to the drug laws on the grounds that they fail to achieve their stated aims and instead greatly worsen the problems associated with use of prohibited drugs, but who acknowledge that there are harms associated with currently prohibited drugs which need to be minimized. Not all proponents of drug re-legalization necessarily share a common ethical framework, and people may adopt this viewpoint for a variety of reasons. In particular, favoring drug legalization does not imply approval of drug use.
Drug decriminalization
Drug decriminalization calls for reduced control and penalties compared to existing laws. Proponents of drug decriminalization generally support the use of fines or other punishments to replace prison terms, and often propose systems whereby illegal drug users who are caught would be fined, but would not receive a permanent criminal record as a result. A central feature of drug decriminalization is the concept of harm reduction.
Drug decriminalization is in some ways an intermediate between prohibition and legalization, and has been criticized as being “the worst of both worlds”, in that drug sales would still be illegal, thus perpetuating the problems associated with leaving production and distribution of drugs to the criminal underworld, while also failing to discourage illegal drug use by removing the criminal penalties that might otherwise cause some people to choose not to use drugs. However, there are many that argue that the decriminalization of possession of drugs would redirect focus of the law enforcement system of any country to put more effort into arresting dealers and big time criminals, instead of arresting minor criminals for mere possession, and thus be more effective.
In 2001 Portugal began treating use and possession of small quantities of drugs as a public health issue. This means rather than incarcerating those in possession they are referred to a treatment program. The drugs are still illegal, the police just handles the situation differently. This also decreases the amount of money the government spends fighting a war on drugs and money spent keeping drug users incarcerated. “As noted by the EMCDDA, across Europe in the last decades, there has been a movement toward “an approach that distinguishes between the drug trafficker, who is viewed as a criminal, and the drug user, who is seen more as a sick person who is in need of treatment” (EMCDDA 2008, 22).6 A number of Latin American countries have similarly moved to reduce the penalties associated with drug use and personal possession” (Laqueur, 2015, p. 748). Portugal is the first country that has decriminalized the possession of small amounts of drugs, to positive results. Anyone caught with any type of drug in Portugal, if it is for personal consumption, will not be imprisoned.
7. LEGALIZATION: Do you think that all drugs should be legalized in general? Why or why not? (See pages 340-341 in the textbook). (No citation needed)
8. DECRIMINALIZATION: Do you think that all drugs should be decriminalized like Portugal did? Why or why not? (no citation needed)
Format: Use the following headings: (See sample post – a separate document)
1. Behavioral effects
2. Physiological effects
3. Acute health effects
4. Chronic health effects
5. Combining with other drugs
6. What surprised me
7. Legalization of all drugs
8. Decriminalization of all drugs
Sources:
· Because this is college, you need to use at least TWO academic sources: from government reports or scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles. This will give you experience doing academic research. You can use the course textbook or other sources as additional sources, but they will not count as one of the two required sources. Read the handout (below) on scholarly sources.
· Use the NU library to find your sources. If you don’t know how, contact the NU library for help.
· Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from an article).
· Do NOT use any quotations. Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.
· Use in-text citations. Write the source of your information at the end of the applicable sentences using APA 6th edition format. This will give you practice using APA to cite references.
· List all the references in APA 6th Edition format at the end of your post in a References list.
NOTE: If you are new to APA, I recommend that you use an online citation builder such as APA Style Central http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/ or the NU library database to automatically format your references correctly. You can also get help from the Writing Center https://nu.mywconline.com/ and the NU library on how to use APA to cite references.
READ THE DISCUSSION RUBRIC BEFORE YOU START. COMPARE WHAT YOU WRITE WITH THE RUBRIC. READ THE SAMPLE POST BEFORE YOU START.
IMPORTANT: Do NOT submit your first draft. First, read what you wrote out loud. Check for:
– Missing words or letters
– Missing or misplaced periods, apostrophes, commas
– Incomplete sentences
– 2 or more sentences strung together that should be made into separate sentences
– Putting something is past tense that should be in present tense or vice versa
– Plural words that should be singular or singular words that should be plural
– Making the verb and subject match (plural or tense)
AFTER you make these corrections, then post your discussion.
Then post 2 responses to other student posts, at least 5-6 full sentences long. You do not need to include any citations in your responses, but you can if you would like.
LIBRARY RESOURCES
URL: http://library.nu.edu
Contact the Library – [email protected] or (858) 541-7900
1-866-NU ACCESS x 7900 (toll free)
This class also has a special NU library page that was created by librarian Zemirah Lee to help you do research http://nu.libguides.com/coh318
It contains references related to our assignments. Zem is available by appointment for one-hour consultations to help you find sources, format in APA and more.
APA RESOURCES
· https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/06/ 1-page instruction on Reference List format
· http://nu.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=8766101 2-page handout on APA
· http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/learn/browse/QG-29 Short video on in text citations
· http://nu.libguides.com/training/apa_basics 13 minute video overview on APA
· www.apastyle.com website with many APA resource links
[email protected] 858-541-7940
http:nu.libguides.com/consultation
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Drug Use And Abuse 18952241
/in Uncategorized /by developerHi dear,
can help me to finish this assignment with good quality and be on time please?
follow the instruction blow. there’s attachments of example and sources of information. the example is very clear.
Point/Counterpoint Outline Instructions
You will use this outline to write your Point/Counterpoint essay in Week 4. Submit this outline in Week 3 (one week before your Point/Counterpoint essay is due) so I can provide feedback to help you write your final essay.
This outline will not be graded but your on-time submission will guarantee an automatic 10 points if you follow all the instructions and include everything. Late submissions will be accepted but will not receive any points.
Select one of the issues from the list provided below. If you want to use a topic that is not on the list you must contact me for approval of your topic before you write your outline and essay. TOPICS THAT ARE NOT ON THIS LIST OR ARE NOT PRE-APPROVED WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
Topics
The topic you choose will also be the title of your outline and essay, word for word.
· Are sober living homes effective or ineffective?
· Is addiction a disease or a choice?
· Do addicts have to hit “rock bottom” to get help?
· Should the government fund and promote needle exchange programs?
· Should pregnant women who are addicted to drugs be criminally culpable for the state of their children at birth?
· Should participation in a drug treatment program that has a religious basis be mandated by a Court?
· Which works better – a harm-reduction strategy or abstinence in the treatment of intravenous drug users?
· Is it better to punish or is it better to treat addicts?
· Are doctors responsible for prescription drug overdoses?
· Can tighter regulation of prescription drugs reduce prescription drug abuse?
· Should medication-assisted treatment for drug addiction be more widely used?
· Should medical marijuana be legalized in all 50 states?
· Is marijuana a gateway drug that leads users to try more dangerous drugs like cocaine?
· Should we raise the drinking age to 25 in California?
· Should we lower the drinking age to 18 in California?
· Does the culture of children drinking wine with meals with their families (like in Europe) create a healthier relationship with alcohol later in life for them?
· Would raising alcohol taxes reduce abuse?
· Should liquor commercials be banned from television?
You may choose one of the following five Point/Counterpoint debate topics from your textbook: 1) Should we legalize drugs in general? 2) Should cognitive performance-enhancement drugs be used by healthy people? 3) Should alcoholism be viewed as a disease? 4) Should prescription drugs be advertised to the general public? If you choose to write about 1 of these 5 topics, you must include new and different arguments and also different sources than the textbook provides.
FORMAT:
Use the Outline Template to construct your outline. Type the following information into the boxes provided inside the template. READ THE SAMPLE OUTLINE BEFORE YOU BEGIN WRITING AND COMPARE YOUR OUTLINE TO THE SAMPLE OUTLINE BEFORE YOU SUBMIT IT.
· A title that clearly states the issue as a question. Take your title from the list of approved topics and just copy what it says there word for word.
· An interesting introductory paragraph that clearly introduces the question to be discussed with the point (argument for) and counterpoint (argument against). Do not include your opinion (do not say “I think, I believe, in my opinion.”)
· Briefly list 3 strong arguments FOR the issue (the point). ***Each of the 3 arguments must cite a source.
· Briefly list 3 strong arguments AGAINST the issue (counterpoint). ***Each of the 3 arguments must cite a source.
· Briefly state your opinion on the issue in the closing paragraph.
Writing Style and Format
· Use spell check to catch spelling, punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Then proofread your outline at least one time. Take pride in your work and strive to be mistake-free.
· Do NOT use any quotations. Instead, paraphrase (write in your own words) the ideas or information and cite the source.
· Type in Times New Roman, Size 12 font, 1-inch margins all around.
· At the top of the outline, write your name, course (COH 318), assignment (Point/Counterpoint Outline) and date.
· You are not required to use in-text citations for this assignment.
You are strongly urged to make a half hour appointment with the Writing Center [email protected] to help you write your essay next week. Their appointments fill up quickly so reserve a place as soon as you can.
References
Use at least 4 total sources for your arguments. Each of the 2 arguments for and the 2 arguments against must have at least one source.
At least 2 of the sources must support your point (for). They must come from peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports or textbooks.
At least 2 of the sources must support your counterpoint argument (against). They must come from peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports or textbooks.
Information from the course textbook is allowed, but does not count as one of your four required sources above. Other additional sources are allowed, but they also do not count toward your four required sources. Sources must be recent (e.g., published within the past 5-10 years).
You can use the National University Library database to search for sources.
URL: http://library.nu.edu
Contact the Library – [email protected] or (858) 541-7900
1-866-NU ACCESS x 7900 (toll free)
This class also has a special NU library page that was created to help you do research http://nu.libguides.com/coh318
***To find the pro and con of substance abuse issues, click on:
Ø Public Health Advocacy
Ø Federal
Ø CQ Press Library (SAGE)
Ø CQ Researcher Plus Archive
Ø Browse Topics
Ø Health
Ø Substance Abuse
Select one of the titles
Click Pro/Con on the left side to view the arguments for and against.
Use APA 6th edition format for your References list.
NOTE: If you are new to APA, you can use an online citation builder such as http://www.citationmachine.net/apa to ensure your references are in the correct format.
APA Resources
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/06/ 1-page instruction on Reference List format
· http://nu.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=8766101 2-page handout on APA
· www.apastyle.com
· http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/learn/browse/QG-29
· http://library.nu.edu/assets/resources/pageResources/APA.pdf
· http://library.nu.edu/FindResources/ReferenceTools/citations.html
thanks,
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Drug Use And Abuse 18957895
/in Uncategorized /by developerhi dear,
I just need to 2 responses to the assignments.
responses should be complete paragraph and should further the conversation using personal experience, information from the textbook or other outside sources, asking questions, and more. Think about how your classmates answered differently or similarly to you. What did you learn from their post? What was most surprising or interesting? What do you agree with or disagree with? Your responses might spark some comments and feedback for one another.
1.COLLAPSE
Organization/Program
Prescription Abuse Task Force (PATF), is located in San Diego, California. Specifically focusing on the East region in Poway and Santee street. PATF was initially known as the Oxy task force due to the high volume of OxyContin abuse. However, the city started to notice that it was not just OxyContin, the problem grew into prescription drug abuse in general. (SanDiegoRxAbuseTaskForce, 2018).
Mission/Goals
According to PATF, the organization was constructed by the federal agency who were concerned about the growth of prescription drug users. The organization would like to spread awareness amongst their city by connecting through social media. PATF would like to prevent and treat by establishing parent and youth activities, encourage the usage of Naloxone, and promote treatment programs. PATF also holds meetings quarterly to help keep their vision refreshed and focused. Their over-all goal is to reduce prescription drug addiction, abuse, and misuse in San Diego County.
Programs/Strategies
PATF would like to achieve and sustain their goals in various ways. Media is a great way to keep the city in tune with everything that goes on. PATF uses media to increase awareness and to express an apparent message to the public. The organization uses education as another tactic by educating the community and healthcare professionals. Enforcement is another important strategy that PATF is aimed to focus on by diminishing access and develop training for health care professionals. PATF is also targeting legislation and policy by partnering with the pharmaceutical industry and advertising local registries. Lastly, prevention and treatment is an important focus. The organization spotlights parent and youth prevention activities, increase treatment programs, and increase health sustainable activity goals.
Recommendations:
According to the PATF webpage, from 1992-2012, drug and medication overdose is the leading death rate in San Diego County. That is above suicides, MVA, Firearms, and homicides. The numbers in itself is very much a reality check. Some things I would recommend are to spread awareness of these numbers by having past victims of addiction educate others about this in the prevention and addiction programs. On that note, I also believe that having these victims who’ve survived their past spread awareness by public speaking at schools, meetings, and any other effective assemblies (PATF 2018). According to Gonzales et al (2011), the author explains that adolescents are one of the fastest growing segments of the general population to abuse prescription drugs. The author explains that this age group starts from the early ages of 12-17. With that being said, I believe that this awareness should also be spread amongst school teachers and faculties to help eliminate this problem before these kids are hit with it late on in adulthood. (Gonzales et al., 2011)
2. COLLAPSE
Organization/Program
The Binge and Underage Initiative (BUDI), is located in San Diego, California. It is approximately 109 miles away from my home. BUDI is funded by the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency that address the harmful effects underage drinking as well as the risk for drinking through leadership and advocacy. The leadership for the BUDI is provided by the Alcohol Policy Panel of San Diego, who are community advocates that volunteer to come together to reduce binge and alcohol related problems in the community (Alcohol Policy Panel, BUDI, n.d.). The San Diego County Alcohol Policy Panel has three groups, the Sector Leaders, a Core Team of three to four of the Sector Leaders and a General Assembly which composed of community members, law enforcement officials, youth and organizations.
BUDI is a primary program that supports six county-funded regional alcohol prevention providers through environmental prevention in San Diego County.
Mission/Goals
BUDI is supported by the San Diego Alcohol Policy Panel. Its mission is to help reduce binge and alcohol-related problems in the community by developing organizations, youth groups and community effort to address factors that promote binge and underage drinking behaviors. It focuses on community engagements to put policy-based solutions in place (Alcohol Policy Panel, BUDI, n.d.).
Programs/Strategies
Underage, binge drinking is a dangerous behavior that impact the safety and the lives of our young people. Alcohol is the most abused drug by youth and is the cause of premature death for young people including motor-vehicle crashes, homicides and suicides (NCPC, 2018). The BUDI program was formed by Policy Panel, which are community leaders from many sectors of the community to prevent binge and underage drinking by addressing the root cause of teenage binge and underage drinking. BUDI uses an environmental prevention as an approach where it addressed the environmental factors that promotes and maintain binge and underage drinking. The program implemented goals and objectives to restrict alcohol at parks, beaches and other community places, limit alcohol advertising on billboards and university campuses (Alcohol Policy Panel, n.d.).
Policy Panel hosts community breakfast every quarter to those who are interested in the program, to encourage San Diego County communities to be more involved in preventing underage and binge drinking and to learn more about San Diego County Alcohol Policy Panel (Alcohol Policy Panel, n.d.). Also, General Assembly meeting that includes seventy-five to 100 community members, law enforcement officials, agency representatives is done every quarter to stay current about the activities of the BUDI program and to advocate communities, organization and the youths about environmental prevention strategies including media advocacy, policy development, community organizing, working with enforcement officials and applied data collection and research. The San Diego BUDI also works with six regional providers, community partners, teens to change the community to reduce irresponsible alcohol use and abuse (Alcohol Policy Panel, n.d.).
Recommendations
In my opinion, I think the BUDI strategies that are more effective are the Media Advocacy, policy development, community organization and involvement of enforcement officer (Alcohol Policy Panel, n.d.). Through advocating goals and mission through media can gain community and support to change community norms and standards. It can raise awareness of the problem in the community and introduce solutions to the problem. Policy development can put action into place, which can highly create a sustainable change in the community level. Community organization promotes the general population to engage in project activities such as BUDI. Since underage drinking is increasing, we need strategic approach that involves the whole community. Lastly, working with law enforcement can help identify solutions, introduce policy solutions to policymakers and ensure new policies as well as existing policies are followed.
It is unlawful and illegal for youths to drink alcohol and our young individuals should not be found to have alcohol or ethanol level in their blood. Due to the alarming numbers of premature underage alcohol-related death, we need to see more health education and national public relation campaigns to inform the youths about the harmful consequences binge and underage drinking do on themselves. I think working and getting more community leaders involved to identify the problem including environmental factors that contribute the youths on binge and underage drinking and to promote solutions to the problem can help eliminate underage drinking in our communities. We need to continue increasing our Alcohol taxes and enhancing our law enforcements to obtain our goal to prevent binge and underage drinking (PR Newswire, 2003).
thanks,
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Drug Use And Abuse
/in Uncategorized /by developerHi dear,
can you help me to finish this assignment with good quality and be on time please?
t e research and critical thinking to describe a contemporary drug use issue, including legislation, policies, messages, attitudes, affected populations and prevalence of use.t
There is a example of the assignment attached.
A. Drug Use Issues
Choose a current issue in the news or new or proposed legislation regarding a drug discussed in Chapters 1-4. For example, the city of San Diego decided to allow both cultivation and distribution of recreational marijuana. In another example, the federal Department of Health and Human Services is investigating why insurance companies make opioids more accessible than other pain treatments by making opioids less expensive.
Use what you learned from the article/news report, from Chapters 1-4 in your textbook and from at least two additional academic sources to answer the following 8 questions. You need to obtain information from your additional sources to be able to answer these questions and not just use the one article you chose.
1. ARTICLE/NEWS REPORT: Give a very brief summary of what the article says.
2. MESSAGES:
A.What messages is this article/report giving?
b. What conflicting or mixed messages are being given about this issue to the public?
3. RESTRICTIVE LEGISLATION: What restrictive legislation or policies exist regarding this issue? (Cite your source)
4. ATITUDES: What are the present-day attitudes related to this issue? (Cite your source)
POPULATIONS: See handout below on how to report on populations. (Cite your source)
a. Does this issue have a greater impact on certain population?
b. Which ones (age, region, ethnicity, socioeconomic level or other)?
5. PREVALENCE: What is the prevalence of use of this substance (most recent year available) in your city or state? You will need to look up the prevalence. See handout on how to report on prevalence, below. (Cite your source)
6. VIOLENCE: Is this substance associated with violence or crime (pharmacological, economically compulsive or systemic – see pages 38-39 of text book)? (Cite your source)
7. OPINION: What is your opinion on this issue and why? (For example, do you agree with the proposed legislation or policy change? What do you think about increasing or decreasing access to the substance?) You do not need any citations here but you may include them if you want.
FORMAT: Use these headings to make sure you don’t leave anything out (See sample post)
1. ARTICLE/NEWS REPORT:
2. MESSAGES:
3. RESTRICTIVE LEGISLATION:
4. ATITUDES:
5. POPULATIONS:
6. PREVALENCE:
7. VIOLENCE:
8. OPINION:
Sources:
· Because this is college, you need to use at least TWO academic sources: from government reports or scholarly/peer-reviewed journal articles. This will give you experience doing academic research. You can use the course textbook or other sources as additional sources, but they will not count as one of the two required sources. Read the handout (below) on scholarly sources.
· Use the NU library to find your sources. If you don’t know how, contact the NU library for help.
· Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from an article).
· Do NOT use any quotations. Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.
· Use in-text citations. Write the source of your information at the end of the applicable sentences using APA 6th edition format. This will give you practice using APA to cite references.
· List all the references in APA 6th Edition format at the end of your post in a References list.
NOTE: If you are new to APA, I recommend that you use an online citation builder such as APA Style Central http://apastylecentral.apa.org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/ or the NU library database to automatically format your references correctly. You can also get help from the Writing Center https://nu.mywconline.com/ and the NU library on how to use APA to cite references.
READ THE DISCUSSION RUBRIC BEFORE YOU START. COMPARE WHAT YOU WRITE WITH THE RUBRIC. READ THE SAMPLE POST BEFORE YOU START.
IMPORTANT: Do NOT submit your first draft. First, read what you wrote out loud. Check for:
– Missing words or letters
– Missing or misplaced periods, apostrophes, commas
– Incomplete sentences
– 2 or more sentences strung together that should be made into separate sentences
– Putting something is past tense that should be in present tense or vice versa
– Plural words that should be singular or singular words that should be plural
– Making the verb and subject match (plural or tense)
AFTER you make these corrections, then post your discussion.
Then post 2 responses to other student posts, at least 5-6 full sentences long. You do not need to include any citations in your responses, but you can if you would like.
HOW TO REPORT ON PREVALENCE AND POPULATIONS:
Those of you who are not majoring in public health may not have had experience reporting about prevalence or populations. When you are asked to report the prevalence of use of a certain drug, it means something specific. You will need to look it up. Below are some sources where you can find this information.
For statistics on drug, alcohol or tobacco use in your city, county, state and region, or nationwide:
· The University of Michigan Monitoring the Future Study http://monitoringthefuture.org – Results of an annual survey of adolescent drug use appear in mid-December of each year.
· The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) http://samhsa.gov
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-use-illegal.htm
· Healthy People 2020 – Healthy People 2020 (select the topic area of interest, e.g., substance abuse or tobacco.)- https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#topic-area=3500
What is Prevalence? https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/what-is-prevalence.shtml
· Prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period.
How is Prevalence Estimated?
· To estimate prevalence, researchers randomly select a sample (smaller group) from the entire population they want to describe. Using random selection methods increases the chances that the characteristics of the sample will be representative of (similar to) the characteristics of the population.
· For a representative sample, prevalence is the number of people in the sample with the characteristic of interest, divided by the total number of people in the sample.
# of people in sample with characteristic
Prevalence = ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Total # of people in sample
· To ensure a selected sample is representative of an entire population, statistical ‘weights’ may be applied. Weighting the sample mathematically adjusts the sample characteristics to match with the target population.
How is Prevalence Reported?
· Prevalence may be reported as a percentage (5%, or 5 people out of 100), or as the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. The way prevalence is reported depends on how common the characteristic is in the population.
· There are several ways to measure and report prevalence depending on the timeframe of the estimate.
o Point prevalence is the proportion of a population that has the characteristic at a specific point in time.
o Period prevalence is the proportion of a population that has the characteristic at any point during a given time period of interest. “Past 12 months” is a commonly used period.
o Lifetime prevalence is the proportion of a population who, at some point in life has ever had the characteristic.
How is Prevalence Different from Incidence?
· Incidence is a measure of the number of new cases of a characteristic that develop in a population in a specified time period; whereas prevalence is the proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period, regardless of when they first developed the characteristic.
· Researchers may study incident (new) cases of illnesses to help identify causes and prevent additional cases. Incidence is often reported for infectious diseases.
I want to point out an excellent example of reporting on prevalence from one of the Discussion 1 posts:
The following is a good example of how to report on prevalence:
MDMA is most commonly used by teens and young adults, although the overall percentage of the population who have used in their lifetime is relatively small. In a 2002 study, 80-82% of 10th-12th grade students said that they did not condone the use of MDMA, and ~9% of 12th graders had used the drug in the past year (Landry, M., 2002, p. 164, 166). Recent numbers suggest that this rate has dropped significantly, with the 2016 NIDA survey reporting that only 2.7% of 12th graders had used the drug in the past year. In 2014, approximately 17 million people over the age of 12 reported using the drug in their lifetime (NIDA, 2017)
HOW TO REPORT ON POPULATIONS: (see example below)
MDMA is used mostly by young adults between the ages of 18-25, and is more commonly used by Whites than Hispanics or Blacks. While at its peak in the 1990’s and early 2000’s it was thought to be used predominantly by men, some studies found that women were more likely to use the drug in certain geographic regions (Wu, P. et al.). It is frequently used at electronic music festivals (raves) and in the nightclub scene, and research shows that it is more commonly used by homosexual men and women than heterosexuals (NIDA, 2017). Between 1980 and 2000, MDMA was mainly used by middle-class Whites, with the western United States showing the highest usage; however, due to increases in availability, other demographics appear to be catching up (Bahora, Sterk & Elifson, 2009).
ACADEMIC SOURCES
An important step in writing a term paper or in completing many assignments includes finding information in periodicals. In general, information in periodicals is more timely, current, and up-to-date, than information in books. When professors and/or librarians speak of the periodical literature, they may use several different terms, such as, magazines, serials, or scholarly journals.
In order to look for the right kind of information in the right places, you first need to understand the assignment. Does your professor want you to look for papers in scholarly journals, or will recent articles from substantive, general interest or popular magazines be more appropriate? Once you understand the assignment, you need to know how to distinguish one kind of periodical literature from another. Here are some rough guidelines:
• A serial or periodical is any publication that appears at regular intervals (weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annually) and is intended to continue indefinitely. Magazines, journals, newspapers, yearbooks, proceedings, and indexes are all serials.
• Magazines are commercial serial publications intended for any of a wide variety of readers. Some magazines provide news and general information to a popular audience, while others are aimed at professionals in various fields.
• Newspapers are commercial periodicals that are issued daily, weekly or biweekly, featuring cover age of news and current events as well as opinion and advertising. Newspapers seek to inform, explain, influence and entertain readers. Some papers such as the New York Times, USA Today or the Gainesville Sun target the general public, while others aim for a more defined audience.
•
Scholarly vs. Popular Periodicals
GEORGE A. SMATHERS LIBRARIES
August 2007
Journals, or scholarly, scientific journals, are periodicals generally published by an institution, professional association or learned society, and contain articles that disseminate current information on research and developments in particular subject fields. Before an editor of a journal publishes a manuscript, the editor and a team of specialists on the journal editorial board examine the manuscript carefully, to be sure that the article will contribute to the knowledge of the field. Because of the rigorous evaluation process, these publications are also referred to as refereed or peer-reviewed journals.
Sources of information
For statistics on drug, alcohol or tobacco use in your city, county, state and region, or nationwide:
· The University of Michigan Monitoring the Future Study http://monitoringthefuture.org – Results of an annual survey of adolescent drug use appear in mid-December of each year.
· The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) http://samhsa.gov
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/drug-use-illegal.htm
Healthy People 2020 – Healthy People 2020 (select the topic area of interest, e.g., substance abuse or tobacco.)- https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/Search-the-Data#topic-area=3500
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Drugs 19134201
/in Uncategorized /by developerUsing the text and the Internet, such as the PDR website, classify each of the following drugs and include a generic name, if possible. Also, list the clinical usage of each and the adverse effects that could arise.
Use the Classifying Drugs Template when completing this assignment.
APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
uses te template attached
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Ds 19315247
/in Uncategorized /by developerIn responding to your two peers, provide feedback on their topic analysis and describe the value of the social sciences lens for understanding diversity.
Make sure you support your response with the readings from this module, and any additional resources if needed.
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Dsicussion 5
/in Uncategorized /by developerList at least two benefits to using E-prescriptions in a health care practice setting and describe why these would be good tools to use to reduce ADE’s( adverse drug events) ? Does the place where you work utilize E-prescriptions?
250 Words
appropriate in-text citations and references in APA 6th Edition format.
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Due Asap 19112173
/in Uncategorized /by developerChoose a country other than the United States and research its health care system.
Provide an overview of your selected country’s health care system and ANSWER all the questions below:
· Describe any foreign health care system by answering the following questions:
o How do the citizens of the country access health care?
o How do the citizens of the country pay for health care?
o What is the quality of the health care they receive? Are there unique services provided?
o How is technology used within the system to benefit patients and health outcomes?
o What are at least one pro and one con of your chosen country’s system?
· Identify at least two examples of similarities between your selected country and theS. health care system.
· Differentiate between S. health care and your chosen country’s health care system by sharing at least two differences.
You must use a government resources from your chosen country and the textbook ONLY Batnitzky, A., Hayes, D., & Vinall, P. E. (2018). The U.S. healthcare system: An introduction. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu
· Chapter 8: Public Health and Policy
· Chapter 9: Healthcare Research
· Chapter 10: Healthcare and Technology
· Chapter 11: International Systems in Healthcare
ONLY your research and response. Wikipedia is not an acceptable source for any discussion or assignment. You may also want to review What Is CRAAP? A Guide to Evaluating Web Sources.
DUE 2/1/19 @8AM EASTERN STANDARD TIME ZONE
ATTACH TURNITIN REPORT WITH ANSWER
.
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Due By Sunday 102917
/in Uncategorized /by developerRead “The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research” (1979): http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html Write a 1,250-1,500 word paper that addresses the significance of autonomy, patient advocacy, and informed consent. Your paper should include: 1.A description of the concepts of autonomy, patient advocacy, and informed consent. 2.A discussion of the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki and a summary of the events that led up to the development of ethical guidelines for conducting human clinical trials, including Institutional Review Boards (IRB). 3.Three examples of ways “The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research” works to protect special populations (e.g., minors, prisoners, persons with mental illness). A minimum of three references are required.
Original work only! Free of many grammatical errors and on time.
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