Dq8 18895513

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Dq81 19349089

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Based on how you will evaluate your EBP project, which independentand dependent variables do you need to collect? Why? EBP is on Hand washing 

 
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Dq81 Response 19351065

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Carrie Smithson    1 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 1            Based on evaluation of my EBP project there are independent and dependent variables that need to be collected. A variable is something that varies or changes. “A variable in research simply refers to a person, place, thing, or phenomenon that you are trying to measure in some way” (University of California Libraries, 2019, para. 5). Independent variables are stable and unaffected by other variables you are attempting to measure. These are often manipulated by the researcher. Dependent variables are those that depend on other factors and change as a result of an experiment. This is the response that is measured. Dependent and independent variables are important because they drive the research process. A variable as opposed to a constant is simply anything that can vary and that many researchers consistently look at the relationship between the two variables. In order to evaluate my EBP project, I will have managers audit charts to determine if education provided to the patient was effective by not being readmitted with the same diagnosis. A few independent variable are patient’s willingness to learn, age, and time. These are important factors to consider when performing the audits. Some patients are not willing to make a change to their health and are set in their ways. The time spent with the patient is also important to consider. If the patient is being discharged and is ready to go, they aren’t going to fully be attentive to the teaching as they are eager to leave. Timing is key and having enough time to perform the teaching is important as well. Some dependent variables to consider are the patients who are admitted with stroke and chest pain who are tobacco users. The outcome depends on the effectiveness of the teaching performed by the nursing staff. The variables need to be collected because they will affect the evaluation. Surveys need to be performed on all different types of patient’s so that bias isn’t a factor.  Resource  University of California Libraries. (2019). Research Guides: Organizing Your Social  Sciences Research Paper: Independent and Dependent Variables. Retrieved  from https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/variables

 
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Dq81 Response 19351069

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Dorothy Troutman    4 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 1  For my evidence-based project I will need to collect independent variables including the nurses’ response to whether they are more comfortable recognizing and treating hemorrhage. Additionally, I must collect data on the dependent variables including hemorrhage rate and transfusion rate. I will evaluate if the nurses’ improved comfort level in recognizing and treating hemorrhage decreases the rate of hemorrhage and rate of transfusion. It is important to remember that the dependent variable depends on another variable (the independent variable). We must understand the relationship between the two in order to understand the outcomes of research (L. Flannelly, K. Flannelly, and Jankowski, 2014).  The goal of my project is to decrease the overall number of hemorrhages patients experience after giving birth, as well as to decrease the number of transfusions needed to treat hemorrhage. By decreasing the hemorrhage, and transfusion rates we will improve patient outcomes and decrease maternal morbidity. I plan to track hemorrhage rates post education and compare them to the pre-education hemorrhage rates. I will do the same thing with transfusion rates.  

Reference  Flannelly, L. T., Flannelly, K. J., & Jankowski, K. R. B. (2014). Independent, dependent, and other  variables in healthcare and chaplaincy research. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(4), 161–170.  doi:10.1080/08854726.2014.959374

 
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Dq81 Response 19351073

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Nimmy James    2 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 1  Dependent variables are otherwise known as the outcome variables. The value of the dependent variable depends on the value of other variables. In research, the dependent variable takes on different values in response to the independent variable. The independent variable is otherwise known as the experimental or predictor variable. It is manipulated in the research to observe the effect on the dependent variable. The value of an independent variable does not rely on other variables as the independent variable can stand alone (Kusurkar, Ten Cate, van Asperen, & Croiset2011).  Using my EBP as an example, the dependent variable in the study is the rate of pressure ulcers in the facility. To measure this, I will need to collect data on the number of pressure ulcers in past three years. This data will help me to monitor how manipulating the independent variables affect pressure ulcer rate which is a dependent variable. The independent variables in this study include nurses’ knowledge about wound care and how effects of protein intake with wound healing. The EBP will manipulate theses independent variables by educating nurses on nutritional impact on pressure wound healing and by implementing extra protein into their daily diet. With a questionnaire, I will be able to collect data on nurses’ knowledge about the topic which help with planning the education and training.  

 Reference   Kusurkar, R.A., Ten Cate, TH J., van Asperen, M., Croiset, G (2011) Motivation as an independent and a dependent variable in medical education: A review of the literature.               Med Teach. 2011; 33(5): e242–e262. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.558539.              Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21517676

 
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Dq81 Response

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Anne Kolsky    4 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 1  Dependent and Independent Variables Defined:   A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it “depends” on the independent variable. In a scientific experiment, you cannot have a dependent variable without an independent variable (Helmenstine, 2018).   The PICOT question for the capstone project is, “Do preschool aged children (P) who are given early childhood screenings (I) compared to children who are not screened (C) score higher in assessments related to kindergarten readiness (O) upon entry to kindergarten (T)?” The independent variable is the early childhood screening and the dependent variable is the scores of the kindergarten readiness assessments.   The independent variable for the capstone study is the variable that can be controlled by the person conducting the research. In this case, the early childhood screens are the independent variable because the researcher can either conduct screenings or can do study reviews to determine which subjects have completed screenings. The dependent variable is the scores of all the children entering kindergarten that have been assessessed for kindergarten readiness using a standardized assessment tool. The scores between those who have been screened and those who have not been screened can be analyzed using a statistical comparative analysis to determine the difference by comparing the scores between the two samples. A two-sample t test comparison between the means should be sufficient to compare (CliffsNotes, 2016).  CliffsNotes. (2016). Two sample t test for comparing two means. Retrieved from  https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/statistics/univariate-inferential-tests/two-sample-t-test-  For-comparing-two-means  Helmenstine, T. (2018). What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?  Retrieved from  https://www.thoughtco.com/independent-and-dependent-variables-

 
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Dq82 19349093

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Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results.Define clinical significance, and explain the difference betweenclinical and statistical significance. How can you use clinicalsignificance to support positive outcomes in your project? My EBP is on hand washing

 
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Dq82 Response 19351085

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Carrie Smithson    1 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 2            Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results. In this discussion, I will define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance. “Statistical significance measures how likely that any apparent differences in outcome between treatment and control groups are real and not due by chance” (Leung, 2019, para. 2). There are common measures used with statistical significance such as p values and confidence intervals. The p values give the probability that any particular outcome would have arisen by chance with the assumption that the new and the control treatments are equally effective as the null hypothesis. Confidence intervals estimate the range which the real results would fall if the trial is conducted many times. “Clinical significance measures how large the differences in treatment effects are in clinical practice” (Leung, 2019, para. 3). Relative risk is independent of the prevalence of the disease and can be applied to populations with different prevalence of the disease. Relative risk is the ratio of the risks in the treatment group to the event rate in the control group. Statistical significance is all about numbers and data collection whereas clinical significance is how the EBP affects the clinical setting as a whole. I can use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in my project. Once the staff is taught how to teach the patients, and teaching is performed, patient outcomes start to progress. It is important to base education on what is specific to your unit so that the patients will receive the most optimal and pertinent information. When patients are educated more about what caused their diagnosis, such as tobacco use causing a stroke or heart attack, they can then take measures to prevent these diseases from occurring again. Patients use the information provided by the nurse staff to make informed decisions on their health care. When a patient makes a life changing change such as tobacco cessation, patient outcomes are more positive. This is my goal with my EBP project.  Reference  Leung, W.-C. (2019, March 1). Balancing statistical and clinical significance in  evaluating treatment effects. Retrieved from  https://pmj.bmj.com/content/77/905/201

 
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Dq82 Response

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Anne Kolsky    1 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 2  Clinical Significance and Statistical Significance  Clinical significance can help to validate whether a treatment effect has practical importance and if it has a real effect on daily life. If a treatment makes a noticeable difference and improvement to a patient, then this is considered clinically important and significant.  Statistical significance is measured through confidence intervals and p-values that quantify the significance of a treatment or trial’s effect on a patient or sample. For instance, if the p value is less than 0.05, then it tells us the trial is statistically significant. This means the result did not happen by chance. However, it does not tell us the importance or meaningfulness of the findings, only that there is something “real” happening (Leyva De Los Rios, 2017).  How Clinical Significance Can Support Positive Outcomes in Capstone Project  Clinical Significance can greatly support the project in many ways. For the PICOT, if scores that are compared indicate kindergarten readiness by virtue of screening over not screening, then statistical significance is established. If a body of students show marked improvements in grades, attendance, attitude, graduation rates, and staying clean, sober, and out of criminal trouble, it will lead to huge bragging rights for many stakeholders as evidenced by statistical significance in longitudinal studies that would also be established (Page, 2014).   Leyva De Los Rios, C. (2017, March 23). Retrieved from  https://www.students4bestevidence.net/statistical-significance-vs-clinical-significance/  Page P. (2014). Beyond statistical significance: clinical interpretation of rehabilitation research literature.   International journal of sports physical   therapy, 9(5), 726–736.Retreived from   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4197528

 
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Dq8case Study Chapter 14 Medical Errors An Ongoing Threat To Quality Health Care

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A nurse manager is reviewing occurrence reports of medical errors over the last six months. The nurse manager knows that medical errors are not the only indicator of quality of care. They are, however, a pervasive problem in the current health care system and one of the greatest threats to quality health care. The nurse manager is putting together a list of possible solutions to decrease the number of occurrences of medication errors.

1. Recognizing that health care errors affect at least one in every 10 patients around the world, the World Health Organization’s World Alliance for Patient Safety and the Collaborating Centre identified priority program areas related to patient safety. What are the patient safety program areas the nurse manager should consider for implementation?

2. Describe the Joint Commission 2017 National Patient Safety Goals for Hospitals.

3. Discuss the Institute of Medicine’s four-pronged approach to reducing medical mistakes? 

Please use the numbers of questions in the paper. 

 
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