1. Please introduce yourself and tell me why you decided to pursue and Advanced Practice major?
2. What is the role of the advanced practice nurse?
3. What is the evidence suggesting regarding the role of FNPs in primary care?
4. What do you think Family Nurse Practitioners could do differently to improve patient outcomes? Is EBP the answer? Give specific examples.
5. What do you think are the Skills & Personality Traits to be a  Successful Nurse Practitioner?
6. Please respond to at least one peer!

 Create an original posting with a minimum of 300 words and a meaningful response to one of your classmates with a minimum of 100 words when indicate. Back up your arguments with reliable evidence 

 

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Descriptive Epidemiology

HIV/AIDS was first recognized as an epidemic in the United States in 1981. At the beginning of the AIDS epidemic, the life expectancy for infected persons was less than 7 years. Today, because of research and new treatment options, people who begin treatment soon after diagnosis can expect to live a nearly normal life span (Cairns, 2010). The HIV/AIDS epidemic was identified through descriptive epidemiology.

Descriptive epidemiologic studies are often conducted as precursors to analytic studies. Epidemiologic concepts are used to gather data to better understand and evaluate health trends in populations. Data such as characteristics of the persons affected, place where an incident occurred, and time of occurrence are collected and analyzed to look for patterns in an effort to identify emerging health problems. In this Discussion, you will apply the epidemiologic concepts of time, place, and person to a specific population health problem.

To prepare:

• Consider      a variety of population health problems, and then select one on which to      focus for this Discussion.
• Identify      a specific population affected by your selected health problem.
• Research      the patterns of the disease in your selected population using the      epidemiologic characteristics of person, place, and time.
• Explore      three to five data sources presented in the Learning Resources that could      aid you in describing the population and magnitude of the problem. Analyze      the strengths and limitations of each data source.
• Consider      methods for obtaining raw data to determine the variables of person,      place, and time for your health problem. Ask yourself: How would the      methods I select influence the accuracy of case identification,      definition, and diagnosis?

By tomorrow Wednesday 03/07/18 by 4pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of THREE scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:

Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Evaluate your selected health problem in the population you identified by describing THREE to FIVE characteristics related to person, place, and time.

2) Appraise the data sources you utilized by outlining the strengths and limitations of each.

3) Discuss TWO methods you could use to collect raw data to determine the descriptive epidemiology of your health problem, determine how these methods would influence the completeness of case identification as well as the case definition/diagnostic criteria used.

Required Readings

Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Chapter 3, “Measures of Morbidity and Mortality Used in Epidemiology”

Chapter 4, “Descriptive Epidemiology: Person, Place, Time”

Chapter 5, “Sources of Data for Use in Epidemiology”

Chapter 3 examines several measures of disease frequency that are typically utilized in epidemiology.

In Chapter 4, the authors address a basic premise of epidemiology: that disease occurs in patterns reflecting underlying factors (rather than occurring randomly). Using the tools introduced in Chapter 3, it is possible to take a more detailed look at the occurrence of disease, focusing on characteristics related to person, place, and time. This chapter also notes the distinction between descriptive versus analytic epidemiology; descriptive studies characterize the amount and distribution of disease within a population, whereas analytic epidemiology is concerned with the determinants of disease.

Chapter 5 provides information about various data sources that are available to the general public, and the authors examine some of the critical issues related to data collection and use that require careful attention.

Nash, D. B., Fabius, R. J., Skoufalos, A., Clarke, J. L. & Horowitz, M. R. (2016). Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (2nd ed). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 12, “Information Technology”

In this chapter, the authors examine the use of information technology, noting that research based on richer, more real-time data will inform policy decisions in all parts of the health care system. The challenge of integrating individual patient is mobile applications into the electronic health record are presented.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012). Epidemiology and population health [Interactive media]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

“Descriptive Measures”

This presentation introduces you to the concept and calculation of important descriptive measures used in epidemiology—namely, incidence and prevalence. In addition, you will see how to use direct and indirect age-adjustment to compare mortality rates in two populations.

 

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Descriptive epidemiology is used to evaluate trends in health and disease and to be able to make comparisons among the population and subgroups within countries; and to provide a basis for planning, provision, and evaluation of services.
As a health officer, you have been asked to collect information to characterize and summarize tuberculosis epidemic in your state.
Write a paper in which you do the following:
Discuss the pattern and distribution of the disease in the population of your state as well as subgroups within the state.
What recommendations would you make to your administrator based on your findings?
Describe the basic types of epidemiologic study designs that are used to test hypotheses, identify associations and establish causation.
Be sure you support essay with evidence from the literature.
Length: 2-3 pages, excluding title page and references.

 

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Week 4 Descriptive Statistics

To prepare:

Review the Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research chapters assigned in this week’s Learning Resources. Pay close attention to the examples presented, as they provide information that will be useful when you complete the software exercise this week. You may also wish to review the Research Methods for Evidence-Based Practice video resources to familiarize yourself with the software.

Refer to the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page and follow the directions to calculate descriptive statistics for the data provided using SPSS software. Download and save the Polit2SetA.sav data set. You will open the data file in SPSS.

Compare your data output against the tables presented in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics SPSS Output document. This will enable you to become comfortable with defining variables, entering data, and creating tables and graphs.

Formulate an initial interpretation of the meaning or implication of your calculations.

To complete:

Complete the Part I, Part II, and Part III steps and Assignment as outlined in the Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Assignment page.

Part I

Using the Polit2SetA data set, run descriptive statistics on the following variables: respondent’s age (age) and highest school grade completed (higrade). Create a frequency distribution for the variables: race and ethnicity (racethn) and currently employed (worknow). Create a table (in APA format) summarizing the results, using the below table shell as a model. Write a paragraph summarizing the information in the table. 

Table 1. Demographic Data (N = 30)

n % M (SD)

Age (in years)     30  15(2.4)

Highest School Grade Completed  29  11(1.2)

Race and Ethnicity

   Black, Not Hispanic    14 (46.67)

   Hispanic       8 (26.67)

   White, Not Hispanic      6 (20.0)

   Other        2 (6.66)

Currently Employed

   Yes      27 (90)

   No        3 (10)

Note. Differences in sample size are due to missing data. 

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

1. Open Polit2SetA data set. 

2. Click on Analyze, then click on Descriptives Statistics, then Descriptives.

3. Click on the first continuous variable you wish to obtain descriptives for (respondent’s age), and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click on highest school grade completed and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box.

4. Click on the Options button in the upper-right corner. Click on mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and skewness. 

5. Click on Continue and then click on OK. 

To run the frequency distribution in SPSS, do the following:

1. Click on Analyze, then click on Descriptive Statistics, then Frequencies.

2. Click on the first categorical variable you wish to obtain a frequency for (race and ethnicity), and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click on currently employed, and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Click on the Statistics button in the upper-right corner, then in the Dispersion box click on Minimum and Maximum. 

3. Click on Continue and then click on OK.

Assignment: Create a table (in APA format) summarizing the results, using the below table shell as a model. Write a paragraph summarizing the information in the table.

Part II 

For the variables respondent’s age (age) and highest school grade completed (higrade) create a histogram with a normal curve displayed over the histogram.  

To create a histogram for respondent’s age in SPSS, do the following:

1. Click on Graphs, then on Legacy Dialogs, then Histogram.

2. Click on the variable respondent’s age and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Click on the Display Normal Curve button, which is right below the Variables box. 

3. Click on OK. 

To create a histogram for highest school grade completed in SPSS, do the following:

1. Click on Graphs, then on Legacy Dialogs, then Histogram.

2. Click on respondent’s age in the Variable box and click the arrow to move it back to the box on the left that contains all the variables. 

3. Click on the variable highest school grade completed and then click the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. The Display Normal Curve button should alredy be on.

4. Click on OK. 

Assignment: Using the data obtained when you ran the descriptives and the histograms, determine whether the data skewed. If so, is it a positive or negative skew?

Part III

Using the Polit2SetA data set, run descriptive statistics on the variable “Family Income Prior Month, all sources” (Income).  

Follow these steps when using SPSS:

1. Click on Analyze, then click on Descriptives Statistics, then Descriptives.

2. Click on Family Income Prior Month, all sources, and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. 

3. Click on the Options button in the upper-right corner. Click on mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, S.E. Mean (standard error of the mean), and skewness. 

4. Click on Continue and then click on OK. 

Assignment: Using the descriptive statistics for Family Income Prior Month, all sources (Income), answer the following questions:

1. What is the mean income in this sample?

2. What is the standard deviation?

3. What is the standard error of the mean?

4. Compute a 95% confidence interval around the mean. (Use 1.96 for the 95% CI and get the standard error from the descriptive statistics table). The formula is as follows:

95% CI = [mean ± (1.96 ´ SE)]

5. Compute a 99% confidence interval around the mean. (Use 2.58 for the 99% CI and get the standard error from the descriptive statistics table). The formula is as follows:

99% CI = [mean ± (2.58 ´ SE)]

6. Which interval is wider? Explain.

Review the corresponding Week 4 Descriptive Statistics Exercises SPSS Output document that has the SPSS output for the above problems. Compare your output with the output in the file.  

REFERENCES

aureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Quantitative research: Data analysis. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Polit, D. (2010). Statistics and data analysis for nursing research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

· Chapter 1, “Introduction to Data Analysis in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment”

 

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