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1-Professor, I honestly think my manager is original in the sense that she is both professional and business like, yet human and compassionate. I am referring to the fact that she is not afraid to “jump in” and provide nursing care when the unit in need of an extra hand. I have not heard of another unit in “my” hospital where managers are like my manager. When it comes to listening to nurses and their suggestions, I know of at least one other unit that is managed in a similar way. I feel lucky. 

  

2-you talk about that at your place of work; beverages are not allowed at the nurses’ station only in the break room. That too was true at my place of work, however we recently implemented a hydration station at the nurses’ station, which gives us a place to contain our beverages. There are however specific rules, for example they have to be in a proper beverage container, containing a lid, they have to have the name of the nurse and current date, or else it will get thrown out. According to United States Department of Labor and OSHA (n.d.), they do not have a prohibition against having beverages at the nurses’ station, all they require is that it is not near blood or infectious material and because of that we do have a weekly audit of the hydration station, which verifies that we are in compliance with OSHA. Just a thought. Thank you for sharing.

Reference

Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]. (n.d.). Requirements for Covered Beverages at the Nurses’ Station. Retrieved from

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2006-05-17-1

  

3-in our critical care unit, we have units champions; we have cardiovascular champions, foley catheter champions, infectious disease champions, and they too are encouraged to review evidenced-based practice, present their ideas to the unit educator and unit manager for review and if it turns out to be something that is feasible, they are encouraged to present it to staff. Not too long ago, we had our cardiovascular champions give a brief presentation on transvenous cardiac pacing, and what is needed at the bedside to assist the physician during insertion. 

 
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4-The functions of management include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Within each of these functions, decisions must be made to optimize the care provided while remaining fiscally responsible.

Leadership is a more challenging role to define. At times, leaders may not have formal authority, but they may have power through their ability to influence others. A leader’s emphasis is on interpersonal relationships; they may be known as mentors, coaches, advocates, or role model. (Lecture 1)

Management and leadership may coexist in one, though they may not at all. Some managers are leaders as well, and some are not. You may think they would go together, but we have all had experience with a manager that is NOT a leader. You know the one. The one who is the boss, and handles business, but not one that inspires, advocates or mentors staff.

One the other side of the coin, you may have had the pleasure of experiencing a manager that is a leader as well, someone who is part of the team and inspires, mentors, and coaches staff. The inspiration and the management. The boss who rally’s the troops and makes you WANT to be there and WANT to work for them. The two overlap in multiple areas.

As a nurse leader, I do believe I can expand my influence to create change by taking advantage of this overlap. I feel that I am inspiring and able to mentor and encourage and advocate for not only my patients, but my coworkers, company, and my profession. I would take advantage of the overlap by using my leadership abilities to continue to mentor, inspire, and encourage others in doing their best and being team players. A huge part of this is leading by example, which I strive for daily.

Resources

Lecture 1. (2018). NRS-451V. Theories and Concepts in Leadership and Management. Phoenix, AZ: Grand Canyon University.

  

5-management and leadership does overlapped to be a good manager you must have good leadership skills, managing is also means to lead making things happen,leader shares what he/she knows with others so that they can follow willingly. good leadership and  managment together can build a successful organization

  

6-Although often used interchangeably leadership and management are very different. “management and leadership do share many similar duties which consist of working with people and influencing others to achieve goals. Management skills are used to plan, build, and direct organizational systems to accomplish missions and goals, while leadership skills are used to focus on a potential change by establishing direction, aligning people, and motivating and inspiring.”(Algahtani, 2014). As a nurse leader you can expand your influence to create change and accomplish goals by overlapping your leadership and management skills. By using your leadership skills you can motivate other nurses to go above & beyond when caring for patients and encourage them to come up with solutions to our everyday problems. Leadership skills will also help you when developing your nurses to become future leaders or to meet their personal goals, doing so will in turn provide them with a sense of fulfillment. By using your management skills you can also ensure that your nurses have the adequate staffing and supplies needed to get perform their duties. A managers main function is “to provide services to the community in an efficient and sustainable manner”(Algahtani, 2014).

Algahtani, D. A. (2014). Are Leadership and Management Different? A Review. Journal of Management Policies and Practices,2(3). doi:10.15640/jmpp.v2n3a4

 
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4-I so agree with you, its not what you but its how you do it, i always say it never the big things that are done but its always the smallest things that is done will make a difference. Treating employees with kindness will go along way, dont tell the staff that how good their doing but show them sometimes its good to let people knows that they are appreciated and mean it and you wil get more out of them. A few weeks ago we were short staff by 4 CNA i called in a few of them they came in and work we had no grievences on monday i went into my own funds with two other nurses and give each staff members gift cards and then brought them in lunch i do this to let them know that i appreciate all they did those two days for us when they didnt have after all it was their weekend but they gave it up to come in and work, when the administrator heard she call me into the office and told me that i didnt have to do that i looked at her and said i know but the reason i do it is because i wanted to number one and i appreciate them and we need each other,  this is not a one mans band and sometimes its nice to show and tell staffs how we truly feels about them expecially if there help is needed and they come to the  rescue and their hard work she said oh they didnt do it for free they getting paid she said that i must not kid my self they came in because they needed the overtime, i looked at her and walked out, there was nothing more to be said.

  

5-As a nurse leader, I would develop an outreach program that would benefit our much diverse population in our community. First I would create a vision of a needy program such as having a monthly health fair in the local adult community center.  Leaders and managers overlap in their job functions and this is where a leader can collaborate with the managers to carry out his or her vision.  With leader’s motivation and inspiration, and manager’s task–oriented skills and solid actions, the outreach program can become a reality.  Nurse Managers and Leaders must understand their roles and good communication is crucial to carry out plans either by verbal, non-verbal or written communications (Lecture 2, 2018).

  1. A      vision is your personal view that you create for the benefit of your      community
  2. Look      at your community makeup, for example, buildings, public spaces, jobs,      kind and types of people (cultural diverse)
  3. Think      of some of their needs and develop a vision
  4. Communicate      your vision and get feedback, talk to people, go to different community centers,      adult clinics and discuss your vision through seminars, posters, flyers      and get a feel of how strong your vision is
  5. Develop      a plan and strategies for your shared vision

Strategic planning is an organizational management process that allows you to involve your staff and monitor the results regularly.  We can be proactive and keep up and stay ahead with the changing trends in the workplace.  It can offer a great foundation with realistic objectives and goals.  It guides managers’ discussion and decision making in resources and budget for the vision.  It can increase profits, provide marketing success and have a strong foundation (Ong, 2015). 

Now as a leader, you have to help people make this vision their own, so that with a sense of ownership everyone can work together in a committed group.  You should do this by communicating effectively and be courageous to all members in order to have the same basic goal of the vision.  The outreach program will be presented to the stakeholders, such as staff and board members during meetings and get feedback. Then step is to go out to the community center and execute the vision and finally get evaluation to see if changes need to be made.

References

Lecture 2. (2018). NRS-451V. Theories and Concepts in Leadership and Management. Phoenix, AZ: Grand Canyon University.

Ong, C. (2015). 5 Benefits of Strategic Planning. Retrieved from https://www.envisio.com/blog/benefits-of-strategic-planning

  

6-I think that in order to implement any kind of new program, I feel that it is necessary to do the research first. It is also necessary to have good communication with an effective way to present the information that has been gathered. The new program will need to share the same values of the stakeholders in your organization, so it will be important to ensure the match before the presentation. Huber explains that the following steps are useful in developing the framework of a new plan.

•Developing a strategic mission or vision

•Setting objectives

•Developing strategies to achieve the objectives

•Implementing the strategies

•Evaluating the results (Huber, 2014, p. 331).

After the information is gathered, I would develop a PowerPoint presentation that would allow for the information to be shown to the stakeholders. This would include a summarized list of the information, and a detailed packed would be given for reading on their own time. I would want to keep the information short, as I would not want to overwhelm or bore them with the topic. I would include a time for discussion and questions to be asked and answered. Good verbal abilities and eye contact would be necessary for a successful presentation.  In order for this plan to become a reality, the stakeholders of the organization would have to find common ground with the presenting nurse. When they are on the same page, there is the possibility to provide quite the impact on the members in need in the community.

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [Pageburstls].

           Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/9781455740710/

 

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1-In having an idea on improving patient care and wanting to approach upper management for support, one could approach management using the following communications tools. Prior to approaching upper management with a quality improvement idea using oral communication, one would have to conduct research on the topic gathering all facts and necessary data. One could reach out to upper management using written business communication via e-mail requesting a meeting to present the idea (GCU, 2018). The e-mail should be clear, short, and concise containing a brief explanation stating the reason for the meeting in which one will briefly present the quality improvement idea, background information and the importance of why action and support is needed, including how this will improve patient outcomes (GCU, 2018).

During the initial meeting with upper management, one would use both verbal communication, and technology, by the use of a PowerPoint presentation, in order to gain support (GCU, 2018) all while trying to remain calm and focused while speaking in front of a group. The PowerPoint presentation should include the objectives of the idea/project, any supported data based on evidence-based practice, what the idea consists of and why it would improve patient care, the support and/or funds required, and projected patient and financial outcomes.

It may take a few meetings prior to management agreeing with the project. They may come back at you with different ideas and/or suggestions of how one should proceed, however if you believe in your project you will choose your battles and hold firm on aspects of the project that you believe to be true. We must not forget that we work on the unit, we know the staff, we know the routine, and we know what is, and what is not being done on the unit.

Reference

Grand Canyon University [GCU] (2018). NRS-451V Lecture 2: Roles and Responsibilities in Leadership and Management. Retrieved from

https:// lc-upgrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform

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2-Effective communication is essential for understanding and interpreting information, perceptions, and meaning from person to person (Huber, 2014). When proposing an idea to upper management to support and fund, the style of communication will need to be direct and strategic for your vision to be seriously considered. After researching your audience and preferred style of presentation, you will develop the proper medium for your presentation to be most effective. Strategic planning and a written plan are used to determine how to maximize the delivered message (Huber, 2014). Many people choose to do a powerpoint presentation, utilize visual boards, or make handouts that will allow the management to share your vision. Benefits to using a visual medium will be that management will have a clear idea of what you are proposing and will be able to take home and ponder the issue. Including evidence based research and positive outcomes can be utilized as leverage for your proposal. Tools that are effective for getting the management team to share your vision would be using strategies such as persuasion and negotiation. According to Huber (2014), people are more willing to commit themselves when they see personal benefits. If you can prove that your idea will not only help the unit, but also benefit the upper management team, they will likely support and fund your idea.

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and nursing care management (5 th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier

 

3-Patient safety is one of our high reliability organization (HRO) topics of concern in today’s healthcare.  From the many ways to improve patient safety, I would pick one idea to bring to the upper management to support and fund.  First I would research the latest evidence base practice with statistics and outcomes: collect strong facts and data to support your idea.  Then discuss the idea with my manager to bring a change in our unit through effective communication. Get to the point; be clear and specific so that your listeners don’t get impatience.  Managers want to know the benefits for the patient and not just data (Grant, 2017). As a caring person and nurse, I would be a servant leader and want and have the desire to serve my patients. 

I would communicate my idea for patient safety to the upper management through a power point presentation.  I believe this is the best approach for managers to see my proposal clearly and to succeed in their support and funding. I will present with empathy by listening to comments and recommendations.  Emotional intelligence and stewardship plays an important to built trust and promise for our patients.  My mission and values will be clearly identified to lead to higher satisfaction of patient care/safety by creating goals and facilitating decision making contribution to my organization (Lecture 3, 2013).

Each color slide with diagrams, pictures, graphs and charts will contain:

  1. Reason      for an improvement
  2. State      the current practice
  3. State      the improved evidence base practice
  4. State      patient improve outcomes
  5. State      the objectives
  6. Give      a time frame
  7. Piloting      the idea on one unit at a time
  8. Evaluation      and feedback of practice

I would also make my power point presentation into a handbook for members of management and coworkers for any suggestions, comments or changes.

References

Grant. A (2016) Your Guide to Communicating with Upper Management. Fast Company. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/3049998/your-guide-to-communicating-with-upper-management

Lecture 3 NRS-451VN. (2013). Applying Servant Leadership in Practice.  Retrieved from gcu.edu/student portal

 
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1- excellent post. I can imagine it is a great challenge to be without a manager, and I am glad to hear you may have a new manager soon. I agree that stress, job dissatisfaction, and a negative work environment can lead to conflicts. Our text book states that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group or organization. Conflict has the potential to be a positive force in determining group performance. Since conflict is natural and Huber (2014) states it should be accepted, one important part is how we deal with a negative conflict, and how we work as a team work to solve it. I also agree that not everyone can be a manager. It is indeed a challenging job, and it takes a very special person to handle being a manager while being successful and appreciated by his/her employees.

Thank you.

Reference: 

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Nursing Management, 5th Ed. [Pageburstls]. 

Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/9781455740710/

2-The readings this week discuss power and conflict extensively. Our textbook states that common sources of conflicts within organizations include communication, power, personalities, values, roles, and resources. Furthermore, change increases the risk for conflict within a group or an organization. Changes can be both positive and negative; they may lead to either stress and conflict, or something positive that results in an improvement within the workplace (Huber, 2014).

Conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group or organization and should be accepted; the crucial part is how employees deal with conflict and how they try to solve it. Also, according to Huber (2014), there are different types of conflicts. In this particular example, the situation appears to be related to relationship conflict; awareness of interpersonal incompatibilities, which includes feelings of frustration and tension among the nurses and the new director. Also, this director appears to have an autocratic leadership style; she makes all the decisions without inviting feedback from other employees (Sfantou et al., 2017).

As mentioned above, power can be a source of conflict in a group setting. When used incorrectly, power may lead to conflict within a team of individuals. Consequently, this may lead to ineffective teamwork, and a negative work environment. As a nurse leader, it is important to address conflicts as soon as possible, as it may result in dysfunctional and destructive outcomes. In this scenario, I would suggest using the creative problem-solving mode. The goal is to come to a solution that leads to feelings of gain and no feelings of loss for all participants; a win-win solution. According to Huber (2014), creative problem solving is the most effective mode of conflict management. When using this approach, there are a few important steps to include. These steps are:

1)    Initiate discussion

2)    Respect individual differences

3)    Be empathic with everyone involved

4)    Have assertive dialogue; keep feelings and facts separate, clearly state the main issues, be an active listener

5)    Agree on a solution that balances the power and satisfies everyone involved

Though the word power relates to strength, it can also mean the ability to control and dominate. In addition, power can be viewed as something positive. Nurse leaders recognize that understanding and acknowledging power and learning to seek it appropriately, is imperative in nurses’ efforts to help shape their own practice and the broader health care environment. As the largest health care professional, nursing must use power and influence to facilitate change in health care organizations (Huber, 2014).

References:

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. Retrieved from http://evolve.elsevier.com

Sfantou, D. F., Laliotis, A., Patelarou, A. E., Sifaki-Pistolla, D., Matalliotakis, M., & Patelarou, E. (2017). Importance of Leadership Style towards Quality of Care Measures in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 5(4), 73. doi:10.3390/healthcare5040073

3-I can see why there could be some resentment when input was not requested from the current employees. I am currently going through a reorganization with management at my place of employment. For months, we have been without a nurse manager, but we just received word of a newly hired manager. I feel that this new manager will be faced with conflict from current staff since we have gone without for so long.

There are three different types of conflict, these include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup (Huber, 2014). Intrapersonal conflict comes from within a person; this could be stress or internal conflict (Huber, 2014). Interpersonal conflict occurs when conflicting roles occur between different responsibilities (Huber, 2014). Leadership and Nursing Care Management gives the example of the working parent deciding if they should go to work or stay home to take care of their sick child (2014). Intergroup conflict when there is conflict between different groups (Huber, 2014).

There are different factors that could lead to conflict. A few examples include job dissatisfaction, stress, and negative work environment (Huber, 2014). In order to resolve conflict, one must first assess the situation; it is helpful to have an open mind to new ideas and be accepting to help that is offered (Huber, 2014). It is also best to address problems soon after they arise, scheduling a staff meeting is one way that the problems are able to be addressed promptly (Huber, 2014). I feel that having open communication with staff members is appreciated. If I was a Nurse Manager, I would be sure to listen to my staff member’s concerns, and address issues early on. I would also be sure to make the staff aware that they are appreciated. A staff member who feels appreciated will likely go the extra mile at work.

I feel that not everyone can be a manager. Managers can have difficult jobs when attempting to restructure or change an organization, and they will likely face pushback from some employees. It is helpful to understand that change is never easy, especially for employees who are used to doing things a certain way. Having an open mind and a little understanding from all involved will go a long way.

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [Pageburstls].

 Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/9781455740710/

 
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4-When nurse leaders network, new opportunities can arise and present themselves through networking ( www.nursingworld.org). The most important advantage of building a professional network is the opportunities it can bring for career advancement (www.nursingworld.org). 

As a nurse, networking and personal affiliations are key components for future advancement opportunities in a nurses career. There are several groups a nurse can affiliate with to network. When a new job is open many nurses who have networked and affiliated with other groups may stand out because one of the hiring managers has met the candidate and interacted with them at a conference as an example. It sometimes is not about what you know when applying for jobs but “who you know”. 

Currently, I network with Riggs ambulance to help coordinate EMS, ED relationships as well as education at Riggs. I am also affiliated with the AMerican Heart Association and I’m a Faculty member for them. As faculty, I assess other instructors and assure CPR disciplines are being taught according to AHA standards. In addition, I have networked in my community by going to schools to teach “Hands Only CPR”. I often go to assemblies and give talks and actuall teach students hands only CPR. I am affiliated with the ENA and CNA as well and plan to become more active after I earn my BSN because I do not have much extra time with work, school and my current affiliations.

Affiliations have helped me already in my career. I have been offered every job I have applied to because many managers are impressed by my community affiliations and my Instructor status as well as Faculty status with the AMerican Heart Association. I am also involved in disater preparedness for the community involving EMS response and ED response and coordinate annual training and drills to ensure our community is properly prepared for disasters. I hope to advance my career in EMS by these networks. After I earn my BSN, I will most likely work part time as a CCT Rn for Riggs in flight and ground transprt as well. Eventually, I want to manage an ED or an Ambulance company or work in  COunty EMS for the community I live in 

Reference

Retrieved from  https://www.nursingworld.org/resources/individual/networking/

Retrieved from 

https://cpr.heart.org/AHAECC/CPRAndECC/Training/AHAInstructors/UCM_476669_AHA-Instructors.jsp

Retrieved from 

https://www.co.merced.ca.us/1460/Merced-County-Healthcare-Partnership-for

 

5-Personal networking focuses on your personal development as a nurse leader with contact outside of your work organization (Drake, 2017). There are numerous professional organizations available in the U.S. Examples are American Organization of Nurse Executives and American Nurses Association (ANA). Benefits of belonging to a professional organization include networking i.e. meeting other professionals in the same field (in person at conferences or in online forums). Also, as a member you receive information about new developments within the field, continuing education opportunities, and information about upcoming conferences both nationally and internationally.

Connecting with other nursing leaders, building new relationships, and creating personal affiliations lead to opportunities where nurse managers from different organizations can offer and receive support, share experiences, and commiserate with one another (Drake, 2017). Also, knowing other people in the same field may lead to future career opportunities within your current field or a different area of nursing. “Things change at such a fast pace, whether it’s technology or techniques or nursing practice, that belonging to an association is more of an imperative than an option” (Capella University, 2018). Another benefit relates to the collecting power in the members of an association; membership helps influence policy at the state and federal levels (Capella University, 2018).

According to Williamson (2017), research shows a correlation between professional networking and productivity in the workplace. Focused and frequent communication among peers and other professionals can build knowledge and support within one’s organization, challenge individuals to think more strategically when addressing challenges and seeking solutions, and create new professional opportunities (Williamson, 2017).

References:

Capella University. (2018). 7 Reasons to Join a Professional Nursing Association.

Retrieved from https://www.capella.edu/blogs/cublog/7-reasons-to-join-a-professional-nursing-association/

Drake, K. (2017). The power of networking, 48(9), 56. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/nursingmanagement/Fulltext/2017/09000/The_power_of_networking.11.aspx

Williamson, J. E. (2017). Networking essential for sharing challenges, solutions, best practices. Healthcare Purchasing News, 41(8), 38. Retrieved from https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=124493772&site=ehost-live&scope=site

 
 

6-A professional affiliation is an organization or group a person belongs to based on involvement in a particular profession. A nurse could become a member of the American Nurses Association, for instance. Affiliations range from paid membership to active involvement in organization activities or leadership roles.  By joining professional organization, it provides unparalleled networking opportunities. Associations are where you encounter the movers and shakers, open career opportunities, and meet professional. Through professional associations, you’ll have access to continuing education, specialty journals, and conferences. These are critical to continuing competency, which in turn can lead to better patient, systems, and personal career outcomes. There is so many organization are available according to specialty e.g. American Nurses Association, National Association of Indian Nurses of America.

Membership in a professional nursing organization provides nurses with continuing education, certification opportunities, role-related competencies and educational conferences. Changes in healthcare occur almost daily. Aligning with a nursing organization that supports your specialty or population of practice positions nurses to be on the forefront of practice changes. Nursing organizations promote and encourage the use of evidence-based practice to its members. Nurses who are certified in their specialty will find that their nursing professional organization will offer continuing education that is pertinent to their practice. (S. Abigail 2015)

The opportunities that can present themselves through networking are limitless. The most important advantage of building a professional network is the opportunities it can bring for career advancement. In addition to helping grow your professional network and making lifelong friends, attending conferences can also give nurses a chance to break away from the stress of their everyday work. (ANA ,2015)

Reference:

American Nurses association (April 2015) Professional Networking for Nurses Retrieved from

https://www.nursingworld.org/resources/individual/networking/

What Are “professional Affiliations”? ,2018 Retrieved 30 October 2018 from https://www.reference.com/business-finance/professional-affiliations-e07a2353d31c6d4e

S.Abigail ,2015, Nursing Organizations: The Role they Play in Professional Development Retrieved from https://www.rn.com/nursing-organizations-the-role-they-play-in-professional-development/

 
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4-The similarities between the phenomenological and grounded theory is they both are based on philosophical orientation, and this orientation will affect the expected outcome of the research. The phenomenological and grounded theory both involve social aspect and are completely based on subject, or both are subjective (Grove, Gary, & Burns, 2015).

   The difference is the aim of phenomenological research is to provide description of the real experience. It is usually in written or narrated form described by the researcher. In grounded theory mostly, outcomes are provided by researcher in form of diagram or in comparison with another concept. Phenomenological research deals with real people, real events, subject and their experiences and develops a concept and philosophical and narration based on it whereas grounded theory is more straight forward (Grove, Gary, & Burns, 2015).

References:

Grove, S. K., Gray, J., & Burns, N. (2015). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

 

BD

 
 

   5-Grounded theory is a research method that will enable you to develop a theory which offers and explanation about the main concern of the population of your substantive area and how that concern is resolved or processed (Scott,2009). Phenomenology is based on the premise that reality consists of objects and events (“phenomena”) as they are perceived or understood in the human consciousness, and not of anything independent of human consciousness (Branch, n.d). 

   Both grounded and phenomenology investigates real life situations, they are usually done through interviews and observations, they also evaluate data from the respondents view and try to make sure that the findings are not influenced by preconceived ideas. Exploration of the individuals experience according to the world they live in is common for both groups.

  However, differences exist between these groups. While phenomenology is a product of philosophy, grounded theory is a product of sociology. Phenomenology seeks to explore subjective understandings of ones own experiences and although grounded theory looks at experiences it includes as many other data sources as possible to develop a more objective understanding of the subject of the study.

References

January, 2. 3. (n.d.). What is the difference between grounded theory and phenomenology? Retrieved from https://www.nursingtimes.net/roles/nurse-educators/what-is-the-difference-between-grounded-theory-and-phenomenology/5024881.article

Scott, H. (2009, November). Retrieved November 20, 2018, from http://www.groundedtheoryonline.com/what-is-grounded-theory/

Phenomenology. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_phenomenology.html

 

 
 

6-Grounded theory attempts to explain
why events take place. A large group is usually analyzed in their unique
settings, and it explores the reasons why certain behaviors occur within a
group of people. An example of this would be observing a large portion of
mothers in order to understand how they function in the kitchen to prepare
their child’s food (Charmaz & McMullen, 2011). Ethnographic research is a
type of research in which the behaviors of the participants are observed in
order to ascertain their unique needs. An example of this would be to have a
study in which a product was provided to a consumer, and they are observed
using that product. The observer immerses themselves in the experience rather
than focusing solely on a hypothesis (Anderson, 2009).

           The two
forms of research both go into the study with the intent of observation rather
than attempting to prove a specific hypothesis. Grounded theory focuses more on
the reasoning behind certain actions, while ethnographic research functions
more along the lines of a needs assessment. Using these two forms of research
together might involve beginning with grounded theory to see what issues might
come up within a certain population, and then using an ethnographic research
study to determine whether or not the proposed solutions that were created as a
result of the grounded theory research are going to be effective in solving the
problem. The subtle differences in the research can work together to find the
strongest solution to a problem that a community might be facing.

References

Anderson, K. (2009, March). Ethnographic
research: A key to strategy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved
from https://hbr.org/2009/03/ethnographic-research-a-key-to-strategy

Charmaz, K., &
McMullen, L. M. (2011). Five ways of doing qualitative
analysis: Phenomenological psychology, grounded theory, discourse analysis,
narrative research, and intuitive inquiry. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

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Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19055277

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1-Experimental research involves a variable that can be manipulated. With this type of experiment, participants can be randomly assigned to either the control group or treatment group. It often demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship.  

On the contrary, nonexperimental research involves a variable that cannot be manipulated or change. The variable is controlled and has to remain constant. Participants will not be randomly assigned to either the control or treatment group. This type of experiment does not demonstrate a true cause-and-effect relationship but instead, relies on observation and correlation.

For instance, in 2013, New England Journal of Medicine released an article on what was believed to have been an experimental study. The article suggested that Mediterranean diet lowers the chance of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases by 30%. Mediterranean diet has been recommended since for general prevention. However, it was retracted in 2018 after it was reported that 14% of the participants were not randomly assigned to either a control or treatment group. Married couples were put into the same group and even participants from an entire village was placed into a single group. All this was never reported in the paper.

References:

Yu, C. (2018). Experiment and Non-experiment. Retrieved from http://www.creative-wisdom.com/teaching/WBI/doe.shtml

Bonds-Raacke, J.M., & Raacke, J.D. (2014). Nonexperimental Research Methods from Research Methods: Are You Equipped?.Retrieved from https://he.kendallhunt.com/sites/default/files/uploadedFiles/Kendall_Hunt/Content/Higher_Education/Uploads/Bonds_Raacke_Research_2e_Ch4.pdf

 

 
 

2-Experimental research is when the researcher manipulates or controls the independent variable. Experimental research normally is used when the researcher has a specific question or hypothesis (Price et al, 2017). This is done to identify a cause and effect relationship, normally conducted with an experimental group and placebo or non-manipulated group. An example of this is to determine effects of certain medications such as pain relievers. Half of the group will receive a pain pill to manage their pain symptoms while the other half will receive a placebo pill. The expected results should be that the half who received the placebo pills did not experience pain relief. 

Non-experimental research is when the research lacks manipulation or control of the independent variable (Price et al, 2017). Variables are usually measured as they naturally occur and the researcher relies on observation and interactions through case studies, surveys, or correlations. It is also used when the conditions of the experimental research is not met. An example of this is to study if there is a correlation between crime rates and poverty levels. A researcher would not manipulate or control any variables of this research but rather would observe and take data as it naturally occurs. 

Grove, & Burns. (2011). Understanding nursing research. Retrieved from https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/product/9781455770601

Price, P. C., Jhangiani, R. S., Chiang, I. A., Leighton, D. C., & Cuttler, C. (2017, August 21). What is Non-Experimental Research. Retrieved from https://opentext.wsu.edu/carriecuttler/chapter/overview-of-non-experimental-research/

 

 
 

3-Experimental research designs: This type of research is controlled in order to find an answer. This type of research can deliver evidence and prove a cause and its effect. Statistics Solutions states, “..they typically involve the manipulation of variables and random assignment of participants to conditions. A traditional experiment may involve the comparison of a control group to an experimental group who receives a treatment (i.e., a variable is manipulated). When done correctly, experimental designs can provide evidence for cause and effect. Because of their ability to determine causation, experimental designs are the gold-standard for research in medicine, biology, and so on” (Statistics Solutions, 2018).

Experimental research is tightly controlled and i may contain groups who are taking a placebo for instance, and the other group actually taking a medicine. An example would be testing if a medication causes birth defects. One group will take the medication while pregnant, and other group will be given a sugar pill and having them believe it is an actual medication. This can prove what happens to the actual group taking the medication and also the group not taking the medication and come to a conclusion based on results.

Nonexperimental research designs: This type of research is not controlled. This type of research is typically observational. This information is grasped after the fact and known as “retrospect” because it is studying things that have already occured and sometimes more prone to bias. A journal on research study designs gives the following example: “..an investigator may be interested in the average age, sex, most common diagnoses, and other characteristics of pediatric patients being transported by air. They may be interested in the prevalence of a clinical presentation pattern or a specific symptom for a given disease. In such studies, the research question would be focused on prevalence rates, or such, rather than causality. They may propose some associations but cannot effectively prove them” (Air Medical Journal, 2007).

Some examples of nonexperimental research designs are:

  • cross      sectional study
  • case      control study
  • historical      controls
  • surveys/      questionaires
  • case      series
  • case      report

Reference:

Air Medical Journal. 2007. Research Study Designs: Non-Experimental. Retrieved from

https://www.airmedicaljournal.com/article/S1067-991X(06)00309-9/pdf

Statistics Solutions. 2018. Research Designs: Non-experimental vs. Experimental. Retrieved from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/research-designs-non-experimental-vs-experimental/

 
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Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words

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1-I was in the same mind frame Sarah, how will I use statistics in my field? If I stop and think about it now, it is used with so much. Like your example an increase in falls and UTI’s. My place of work is using hand hygiene observations and rechecking of abnormal blood pressure readings. I believe the BP rechecks are being tracked to increase the awareness of possible patients that may need to be referred back to their PCP’s for further evaluation regarding HTN. Our goal in our clinic is to be at at least 70% by the end of the year. I was never a math wiz, so I pray that I don’t struggle too much with this class.

  

2-I agree, if we don’t do our own research to be sure the data is coming from a crediable source/study, we could be giving out false information. What if we took this information and gave it to our patient and it lead to a poor outcome. I try to take what I hear and see with a grain of salt, because I know that the information is more than likely not the whole truth. If I truly am interested, I would take the time to research the information for myself. I’m very tight lipped when it comes to spouting of statistics about anything, for one I don’t know it for fact, I did not do the research.

  

3-You are right, if the person being surveyed is not honest this could definitely skew the results.  We do depression screenings on all of our patients (12 and up) that are being seen in our office for their yearly physical.  The providers have noticed that the younger patients are not honest on their paper screening if a parent is in the room with them when they are filling it out, but they will be honest with the provider when the parent is out of the room.  We have used this to now remove the parent from the room (with their consent) to allow the child to fill out the questionnaire in privacy (we also step out of the room).  By doing this, the providers are finding that they are getting more accurate answers on paper and when they ask them during the appointment.

 
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Please Answer Based On These Answers How To Respond Is In Apa Form And No Less Than 250 Words The Answers Must Be Substantial

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1-I like these questions!  Our hospital does have drills but we have not had an “active shooter” drill yet.  We talk about it within our department but not as an entire hospital yet.  They have set up emergency response communication via  text messaging and they have used that a few times but not for anything catastrophic.  The topic makes me sick and sad as this is becoming our reality and that this is becoming a part of life.  

I did perform CPR on a Grandfather who was attending “”Disney on Ice” at our huge arena.  It was a snowy night and I got there early.  I was on the level above when I saw him go down and heard the screams from family.  Not many people there yet.  By the time I had gotten down to the level where he was seemed like an eternity.  He was pulse less and blue.  I did do CPR and continued until EMS arrived.  He did die at the hospital and I later found out if was from a pulmonary embolism.  The family was very thankful and obviously devastated.  

I have been called several times from the stands at my girls sporting events to help with injuries or emergnecies as most of us as nurses have been.  

RProfile PictureKim 5 Re:Re:T

2-enjoyed reading your post and also feel like the tertiary prevention phase is very important in the recovery phase. This is the phase that will help individuals long term . The aftermath of the 2010 Haitian earthquake was devastating it is at this phase focus can be put on prevention measures such s counseling, chronic disease rehabilitation, services for housing and any type long term maintenance.

MProfile PictureKim 5 Re:Comp

3-I can definitely identify with compassion fatigue. I am a mental health nurse and each night I clock in I have the privilege of being a listening ear for someone who feels that life is hopeless. Sometimes I am able to lift spirits sometime not. What I try to do is take my time away so regardless of how much they call me stating staffing is low I don’t come in. During that time off I go  do to the gym, spend time with my family and most importantly worship,  pray and praise my Lord.

 
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