1-This is a tough topic. Here you are, a working family, you are going to school to better yourself even further and you millions of others are still faced with these decisions about health care. When you say you pray I know you mean that literally because our daughter is in the same boat. My husband keeps talking about wanting to retire early but he just does not understand the cost of having good health care. I will probably be working until I am 90 because I will be afraid of Medicare and not being able to afford good care. Wish we had better answers but we are not getting anywhere fast…that’s for sure.
2-The most important elements of the Affordable Care Act were to get more people insured, to keep costs down and to improve overall care and outcomes. New laws were to make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law would provide consumers with premium tax credits that will lower costs for households that qualify. To qualify households must have incomes between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level. Another component was to expand the Medicaid program. This would now cover all adults with income below 138% of the federal poverty level. In addition, the goal was to support medical care delivery methods designed to lower costs of health care overall.
As nurses, we need to continue to be innovators and continue our work in research. We need to focus on continuing to improve on patient safety and improving quality of care. Nurses need to continue to be lifelong learners and meet demands of a changing society. We must also continue to raise the bar for education with advanced degrees. We must continue to push for more diversity in our profession to keep up with our diverse society to make patients more comfortable. We also need to continue to bring our ideas to the table and be leaders within our organizations. As we foster interprofessional collaboration the patients will benefit from teams working more closely together to improve patient care.
3-The key elements of the Affordable Care Act are the following: providing national access to healthcare coverage for the entire population from birth through retirement, this will provide coverage for about 94 percent of the American people, to improve quality, affordability and fairness of health insurance coverage, to enhance healthcare efficiency, quality, diversity and values, to reduce wasteful spending, and to improve public health by expanding clinical preventive care and community investments.
The Act focuses on improving public health by investing in primary health care, especially in medically underserved communities. It also increased insurance coverage for clinical preventive services and procedures. For instance, physical examination, annual wellness visits, well child visits, immunizations, screening exams, like colonoscopy, mammograms and cervical cancer, are all covered by insurance with no cost sharing. In addition, the development of a national preventive plan and the establishment of a Prevention and Public Health Trust Fund, to fund investments in communities that will improve public health. Further investments are being made to in school-based health programs, preventive oral health care, tobacco cessation and adding prevention planning to Medicare.
Nurses are play a vital role and a an extremely important driving force in the implementation of this law. By developing innovative care models like transition of care, home care, care management, and nurse managed clinics, nurses will improve quality of care and lower health care cost. Also, participating in research to aid in scientific evidence-based practices which improves quality, safety and patient outcome. Advanced practices nurses help increase the availability of primary care providers and provide cost effective care. Lastly, nursing leadership will be needed to implement better workflows to reduce medication errors, improve quality and care coordination, and increasing access to medical care. For these reasons and many others, nurses are of upmost importance in the implementation process of this Act.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Base In This Answer In Apa Format Write At Least 250 Words Please Answer The Comments By Number And List Your Answers Please Thank You 18873213
/in Uncategorized /by developer1-This is a tough topic. Here you are, a working family, you are going to school to better yourself even further and you millions of others are still faced with these decisions about health care. When you say you pray I know you mean that literally because our daughter is in the same boat. My husband keeps talking about wanting to retire early but he just does not understand the cost of having good health care. I will probably be working until I am 90 because I will be afraid of Medicare and not being able to afford good care. Wish we had better answers but we are not getting anywhere fast…that’s for sure.
2-The most important elements of the Affordable Care Act were to get more people insured, to keep costs down and to improve overall care and outcomes. New laws were to make affordable health insurance available to more people. The law would provide consumers with premium tax credits that will lower costs for households that qualify. To qualify households must have incomes between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty level. Another component was to expand the Medicaid program. This would now cover all adults with income below 138% of the federal poverty level. In addition, the goal was to support medical care delivery methods designed to lower costs of health care overall.
As nurses, we need to continue to be innovators and continue our work in research. We need to focus on continuing to improve on patient safety and improving quality of care. Nurses need to continue to be lifelong learners and meet demands of a changing society. We must also continue to raise the bar for education with advanced degrees. We must continue to push for more diversity in our profession to keep up with our diverse society to make patients more comfortable. We also need to continue to bring our ideas to the table and be leaders within our organizations. As we foster interprofessional collaboration the patients will benefit from teams working more closely together to improve patient care.
3-The key elements of the Affordable Care Act are the following: providing national access to healthcare coverage for the entire population from birth through retirement, this will provide coverage for about 94 percent of the American people, to improve quality, affordability and fairness of health insurance coverage, to enhance healthcare efficiency, quality, diversity and values, to reduce wasteful spending, and to improve public health by expanding clinical preventive care and community investments.
The Act focuses on improving public health by investing in primary health care, especially in medically underserved communities. It also increased insurance coverage for clinical preventive services and procedures. For instance, physical examination, annual wellness visits, well child visits, immunizations, screening exams, like colonoscopy, mammograms and cervical cancer, are all covered by insurance with no cost sharing. In addition, the development of a national preventive plan and the establishment of a Prevention and Public Health Trust Fund, to fund investments in communities that will improve public health. Further investments are being made to in school-based health programs, preventive oral health care, tobacco cessation and adding prevention planning to Medicare.
Nurses are play a vital role and a an extremely important driving force in the implementation of this law. By developing innovative care models like transition of care, home care, care management, and nurse managed clinics, nurses will improve quality of care and lower health care cost. Also, participating in research to aid in scientific evidence-based practices which improves quality, safety and patient outcome. Advanced practices nurses help increase the availability of primary care providers and provide cost effective care. Lastly, nursing leadership will be needed to implement better workflows to reduce medication errors, improve quality and care coordination, and increasing access to medical care. For these reasons and many others, nurses are of upmost importance in the implementation process of this Act.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18886573
/in Uncategorized /by developer4-The mode, median and mean tell us something about a set of observations. The mode is the only measure of center appropriate for nominal data. For example, if we were looking at the most frequently purchased food item in a certain snack bar in 1999, it make sense to say that the most frequent (modal) food purchased was mini chocolate. The median is at the middle of an ordered data set and is a useful measure for ordinal variables, while the mean only makes sense for interval and ratio scales of measurement
5-A populationis is a set of persons or objects that has a common observable characteristics and a complete set of items that share at least one property in common that is the subject of a statistical analysis. An example is the people in certain locality that share a common geographic origin, language, literature, and genetic heritage, among other traits, that distinguish them from people of different nationalities.
6-The mean is the summary of an entire population. Sometimes it is called the average. It isn’t a particular individual, but rather the entire population (University, 2013). The mean could be used to determine the average age of a population. If you add all the ages of all the people in the population and divide by the number of individuals, it would give you the mean. This is the “summary” of the population. The median is more centralized and would be used to explain what a “typical, normal, or average” member of the population is (University, 2013). You could use the median to again find the median age. This is slightly different than the mean in the way that there is only 1 answer. The median is the middle of the data set (University, 2013), meaning it may be slightly higher or lower than the mean. Sometimes outliers will skew the numbers, but it isn’t affected as much as the mean would be. The mode is used to calculate the number that appears the most in a set of numbers. Going along with the ages of the individuals, we would write out all ages of the individuals in the community. If the age of 60 showed up 18 times and was the highest amount of all the numbers, the mode would be 60. The mode is not used very often because it is not a measure of the centre of the data in the same way that the median and mean can be.
Reference
University of Wollongong. (2013, August 12). Appropriate use of mean, median and mode. Retrieved from http://www.uow.edu.au/student/qualities/statlit/module2/3.2mmm/UOW153116.html
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18893235
/in Uncategorized /by developer1-The key concept behind random sampling is getting an accurate representation by getting a wider variety of results. The main limitation to random sampling however is to get a spread that truly represents the entire population while also staying random. It is nearly impossible to stay random while also capturing a representation of the population as a truly random sample could just as easily have a group that all show the same result while the entire population would show another.
2-I really enjoyed reading your post. Random sampling can give researchers the most unbiased opinion of a study. Each individual that has been chosen for the study had an equal opportunity to be chosen. I really like how you described the limitations of random sampling, because the sample size can be to small and not have enough variation.
3-Random sampling is a method of sampling that is unbiased in way that allows for any sample to be chosen. Random sampling does have its limitations though one being that of having a small sample size which can affect the study. The other limitation is having a big group that has the same interest. For example taking a college and asking who their favorite college team is the chances are most will pick their school thus not giving the best results. In order to help prevent that it is important to have a large amount of people while also having the group be unbiased in a way that allows for a great variety in their choices in order to have the best results of random sampling.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18900593
/in Uncategorized /by developer1-The advantages of using repeated measures are that you do not need a large sample size. Because each participant is taking part in all treatments, need at least half the amount of participants than if you used a between subjects design. Not only does this save on money it also saves on collecting large amounts of data to analyse (Poletiek, 2013). Another advantage of a repeated measures design is that it allows for good control of individual differences, resulting in small effects as the amount of random error is very small. This is because with there being only one group to test, the experimenter need not worry about the individual differences between the two groups, in statistical terms this means there is less ‘noise’ (Poletiek, 2013). However it is almost impossible to produce data without any noise at all, this is because although you do not have to worry about individual differences between groups, you still have individual differences within the group. Not everyone in that group will react in the same way to the treatment, thus creating a small amount of noise.
2-This kind of t-test is used when a study uses repeated measures, or within subjects. In this kind of study design one group is exposed to both treatments, whereas for independent groups or between subjects there are two separate groups and each group is exposed to a different treatment (Poletiek, 2013). For example if a researcher wants to observe the effects of sleep deprivation on memory recall, for a repeated measures design, they would ask all participants to take part in a memory recall task without sleep deprivation and then again but having been sleep deprived. Whereas if the experimenter were to use independent groups they would ask one group to take part in a memory task without sleep deprivation, and ask another completely independent group to take part in the same memory task but with sleep deprivation (Poletiek, 2013).
3-Your DQ was amazing. I think you had the most in depth DQ that I have ever read. You provided great information and also gave great examples. I also stated in my DQ that the T-test was used for sample sizes that are smaller than 30. I also stated that the z-test could be used for sample sizes that are larger than 30. I like how you stated the different examples that each author uses for the different tests. Did you know all of this information before starting this class? I only knew the basics.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18900595
/in Uncategorized /by developer4-I enjoyed reading your post, it reminds me of myself. Every time I think I am starting to understand a little, I read something else and feels like I start over. In statistics it seems that there are many things that we would have to master to be an effective researcher. Every week adds something new that we must learn before moving on. I will say, this has been one of my hardest classes so far.
5-This is some useful information that you provided for us. We can see that the most common alpha numbers are the 0.10, 0.05, and the 0.01, however I am interested in what will dictate the researcher to use an alpha number other than those three. The fact that it could be any number between 1 and zero leaves many possibilities.
6-The number represented by alpha is a probability, so it can take a value of any nonnegative real number less than one. Although in theory any number between 0 and 1 can be used for alpha, when it comes to statistical practice this is not the case (Johnson, 2013). Of all levels of significance the values of 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01 are the ones most commonly used for alpha. As we will see, there could be reasons for using values of alpha other than the most commonly used numbers (Johnson, 2013).
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18905227
/in Uncategorized /by developer1-I really enjoyed reading your post. I really like the way you were able to describe analysis of variance. It is a way to determine the difference in samples. It also helps determine if the null hypothesis is true or false. Analysis of variance also has two types, the first is one-way and the second is two-way. ”
2-If any of the assumptions are violated the results could be misleading or produce errors in the analysis. The tests can still be conducted and the findings trusted even if the assumptions of homogeneity or normality are somewhat violated as long as the groups are large and of equal size.
3-I really enjoyed reading your post. I really like the way your were able to describe analysis of variance into basic terminology for someone who has never take a statistics class. The example you provided to show how analysis of variance was very help and descriptive. It is important to understand analysis of variance.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18905233
/in Uncategorized /by developer4-I really enjoyed reading your post. I agree that interaction is when one variable relies on the effects of another variable. I really like the example you gave about over weight men having higher cholesterol than overweight woman. This The variable being that if it is a man or woman that is over weight will affect how high the cholesterol is.
5-If I was comparing chantix, nicotine patch, and placebo these three variables would be appropriate for ANOVA versus a t-test that compares less variables.
6-An interaction is when one variable is dependent on another variable. This means that if one variable changes it can affect the outcome of another variable. There are many factors that go into my job working as an Occupational therapy assistant at a hand and shoulder rehabilitation center. First the doctor that preforms surgery with efficiency. As therapists we need to do our jobs and follow protocol, to get the body part functioning properly again. The patient needs to do their job and complete their home exercise program as instructed by the therapist. All these variables will assist in allowing the patient to have the best possible outcome.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18928085
/in Uncategorized /by developer1-Inaccuracies or misrepresentation of data can occur both purposely. Sometimes poor sampling methods or other sources of injustice influence the accuracy of the data without the researcher realizing there is a problem, these could be caused by a lot of factors such as; insufficient or deceiving data, misleading visualization of the result and insufficient reasoning on the basis of results (Smith, 2015). A simple example, which occurs very frequently, is the presentation and clarification of data where some data items are absent. A much-reported example of this concerned the analysis of the failure of O –rings on the US space shuttle in 1986. NASA staff and their contractors examined the pattern of failures of O-rings during starts against temperature. They concluded that the data showed no apparent relationship between the number of failures and temperature.
2-Most of our politician’s abuse numbers exploit them and misinterpret them for their gain. All politicians love to quote numbers and say, look what I have done but are those numbers accurate. When they share what they have done for example creating so many new job but how many jobs were lost. They never reveal the negative side or never include all the variables when presenting their numbers .I hope America has realized that politicians will say and do anything to win.
3-Statistics is a collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and drawing conclusions based on the data (Jones, 2016). Using statistics and graphs can be misrepresented in many ways that can be either accidental or intentional.
Data can be ill judged if the sampling is not done appropriately. A random selection without background knowledge or without specified criteria leads to misunderstanding of the data. Another reason of misunderstanding is difference in causation and connection. Feature may co-exist though, may not be reliant on one another. One of the influenced areas in medical world is pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceutical companies use mistaken data in competitive markets. Generic medicines for same purposes are branded out and to advertise a misguiding catalog is used. The most essential thing to consider while comprehending or predicting a result of a statistical analysis is a well-balanced and well-selected population. Sample partakers should be chosen considering different aspects of the problem so that the result will not be unfair. This demands the proper understanding of the statistical tools and how to select the sample population. Furthermore, the sample size should be sufficiently large enough to get more fixed conclusions.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18930033
/in Uncategorized /by developer4-The mean, median, and mode are all measures of central tendency. “A measure of central tendency is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data” (Laerd Statistics, 2018). The mean is going to be the most popular when used in central tendency. Mean is known as the average of all numbers/data being calculated. Median and mode will then follow. Median is explained as the middle score in the set of data. The data first needs to be but into chronological order and then you can figure out the median from there. Lastly, the mode will be the score seen the most throughout all of the data, but this is normally not as reliable when measuring central tendency. Usually, all of these answers should coorelate with each other, if they don’t the data could be skewed. This is one way for people to evaluate whether data can be credible or not.
Laerd Statistics (2018). Measures of central tendency. Laerd Statistics. Retrievied from https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/measures-central-tendency-mean-mode-
5-Mean, median and mode are the three measures of central tendency used to describe study variables. Central tendency is a measure of average.
The mean is the average of the values of the data collected. By adding the values of the data and dividing by the total number of values, one will get the average of the data. Mean is sensitive to unusually low or high scores known as an outlier. If the outlier is included in the math, it will skew the results and may not be the appropriate average to use in these situations (Bluman, 2015).
The median is used to find the center or middle value of a data set. It is necessary to use to find out whether the data values fall into the upper half of lower half of the distribution. The median is used for open-ended distribution and is not as sensitive as the mean by extremely low or high values (Bluman, 2015.
The mode is the only measure of central tendency that can be used in finding the most typical case when the data are nominal or categorical such as religious preference, gender or political affiliation. It is the easiest average to compute and used when the most typical case is desired. The mode is the highest variable or the one that appears the most in a set of data. A data set can one mode or no mode at all (Bluman, 2015).
Reference:
Bluman, A.G., (2015). Elementary Statistics: A Step by Step Approach, A Brief Version, 7th edition. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, NY.
6-In nursing research when processing raw data to get conclusions, researchers use statistical analysis through mean, mode and median to categorize the data. The mode though a part of these three measures of computing data, it lacks mathematical significance in analysis. The median is the middle number in the data set when arranged in ascending or descending order. When the data set has four variables, you add the middle two and then divide the number. Mean is the average number when all the numbers are added within the data set, and then divided by the number of variables.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 18934531
/in Uncategorized /by developer1-In order to get real results, and a truly random study we need to not have bias. Its one of the things that I notice most when people are having their vaccine debate, or with political garb. You can almost always tell when someone has an agenda they are trying to push.
2-An important feature of a good study is that the sample is randomly selected from the target population which is the entire group of individuals that the researcher is interested in studying. To choose randomly means that every member of the target population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. This will prevent biased in the sample group.
To prevent problems in obtaining a truly random sampling, several steps can be taken.
In any research project, steps must be taken to prevent biased. Part of that process is to realize the importance of random sampling. Bias can easily be introduced by not defining the target population well enough, ensuring the sample matches the target population and ensuring the sample size is large enough.
Reference:
Rumsey, D., (2010). Statistics Essentials for Dummies. Wiley Publishing, Inc. Indianapolis, IN
3-Sampling is the process of selecting a representative group from the population under study. It is more or less impossible to study every single person in a target population so psychologists select a sample or sub-group of the population that is likely to be representative of the target population we are interested in. If the sample we select is going to represent the target population then we need to make sure that the people in it are similar to the other members of the target population. This is important because we want to generalize from the sample to target population. The participants in research, the sample should be as representative as possible of target population. The more representative the sample, the more confident the researcher can be the results can be generalized to the target population. Everyone in the entire target population has an equal chance being selected. This is s similar to the national lottery. If the ‘population’ is everyone, who has bought a lottery ticket, then each person has an equal chance of winning the lottery. Random samples require a way of naming or numbering the target population and then using some type of raffle method to choose those to make up the sample. Random samples are the best method of selecting your samples from the population of interest. The advantages are that your sample should represent the target population and eliminate sampling unfairness, but the disadvantage is that it is very difficult to achieve.
One of the problems that can occur when selecting a sample from a target population is sampling bias, sampling bias refers to situation where the samples doesn’t reflect the characteristics of the target population. Many psychology studies have a biased sample because they have used a opportunity sample that comprises university students as their participants
Reference:
McLeod, S.A. (2014) .Sampling methods. Retrieved from www. simply psychology.org//sampling.html
Reply | Quote & Reply
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"