Dorothy Troutman    4 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 1  For my evidence-based project I will need to collect independent variables including the nurses’ response to whether they are more comfortable recognizing and treating hemorrhage. Additionally, I must collect data on the dependent variables including hemorrhage rate and transfusion rate. I will evaluate if the nurses’ improved comfort level in recognizing and treating hemorrhage decreases the rate of hemorrhage and rate of transfusion. It is important to remember that the dependent variable depends on another variable (the independent variable). We must understand the relationship between the two in order to understand the outcomes of research (L. Flannelly, K. Flannelly, and Jankowski, 2014).  The goal of my project is to decrease the overall number of hemorrhages patients experience after giving birth, as well as to decrease the number of transfusions needed to treat hemorrhage. By decreasing the hemorrhage, and transfusion rates we will improve patient outcomes and decrease maternal morbidity. I plan to track hemorrhage rates post education and compare them to the pre-education hemorrhage rates. I will do the same thing with transfusion rates.  

Reference  Flannelly, L. T., Flannelly, K. J., & Jankowski, K. R. B. (2014). Independent, dependent, and other  variables in healthcare and chaplaincy research. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(4), 161–170.  doi:10.1080/08854726.2014.959374

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Anne Kolsky    4 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 1  Dependent and Independent Variables Defined:   A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. The dependent variable responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it “depends” on the independent variable. In a scientific experiment, you cannot have a dependent variable without an independent variable (Helmenstine, 2018).   The PICOT question for the capstone project is, “Do preschool aged children (P) who are given early childhood screenings (I) compared to children who are not screened (C) score higher in assessments related to kindergarten readiness (O) upon entry to kindergarten (T)?” The independent variable is the early childhood screening and the dependent variable is the scores of the kindergarten readiness assessments.   The independent variable for the capstone study is the variable that can be controlled by the person conducting the research. In this case, the early childhood screens are the independent variable because the researcher can either conduct screenings or can do study reviews to determine which subjects have completed screenings. The dependent variable is the scores of all the children entering kindergarten that have been assessessed for kindergarten readiness using a standardized assessment tool. The scores between those who have been screened and those who have not been screened can be analyzed using a statistical comparative analysis to determine the difference by comparing the scores between the two samples. A two-sample t test comparison between the means should be sufficient to compare (CliffsNotes, 2016).  CliffsNotes. (2016). Two sample t test for comparing two means. Retrieved from  https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/statistics/univariate-inferential-tests/two-sample-t-test-  For-comparing-two-means  Helmenstine, T. (2018). What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?  Retrieved from  https://www.thoughtco.com/independent-and-dependent-variables-

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Carrie Smithson    1 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 2            Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results. In this discussion, I will define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance. “Statistical significance measures how likely that any apparent differences in outcome between treatment and control groups are real and not due by chance” (Leung, 2019, para. 2). There are common measures used with statistical significance such as p values and confidence intervals. The p values give the probability that any particular outcome would have arisen by chance with the assumption that the new and the control treatments are equally effective as the null hypothesis. Confidence intervals estimate the range which the real results would fall if the trial is conducted many times. “Clinical significance measures how large the differences in treatment effects are in clinical practice” (Leung, 2019, para. 3). Relative risk is independent of the prevalence of the disease and can be applied to populations with different prevalence of the disease. Relative risk is the ratio of the risks in the treatment group to the event rate in the control group. Statistical significance is all about numbers and data collection whereas clinical significance is how the EBP affects the clinical setting as a whole. I can use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in my project. Once the staff is taught how to teach the patients, and teaching is performed, patient outcomes start to progress. It is important to base education on what is specific to your unit so that the patients will receive the most optimal and pertinent information. When patients are educated more about what caused their diagnosis, such as tobacco use causing a stroke or heart attack, they can then take measures to prevent these diseases from occurring again. Patients use the information provided by the nurse staff to make informed decisions on their health care. When a patient makes a life changing change such as tobacco cessation, patient outcomes are more positive. This is my goal with my EBP project.  Reference  Leung, W.-C. (2019, March 1). Balancing statistical and clinical significance in  evaluating treatment effects. Retrieved from  https://pmj.bmj.com/content/77/905/201

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Dorothy Troutman    4 posts   Re: Topic 9 DQ 1  One of my personal strengths regarding professional presentations is my ability to explain things. I enjoy teaching and helping people understand information. One way that I can improve this is to make sure that I use simple language so that everyone in my audience is able to understand the material.  One of my personal weaknesses is keeping my presentation short. I feel like completing my BSN has helped me with this. The limited word count on our assignments has helped me to be more concise. Practicing my presentation will help me stay within my allotted time.  It is important for me to improve these skills if I plan to present in a more formal setting so I may provide my audience with clear communication and demonstrate respect for their time by staying within the allotted time.  To be a successful speaker, one must know their audience, adjust the presentation as needed, and have planned outcomes both for the speaker and audience (Zamfir, 2019).     Refernce  Zamfir, C., M. (2019). Effective strategies for successful presentations: An NLP analysis.  Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series,(1), 333. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-  com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspxdirect=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.9c771af8424a4dbf80fed977d3de4  e07&site=eds-live&scope=site

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When it comes to constructing projects for presentation, organization is a great strength of mine. I have somewhat of a phographic memory, and am a visionary planner. Therefore, I can envision what I want my project to look like, including all of the information I want to be included in the project. This comes in handy for making sure the project has everything it is suppose to have. I am very organized in my thoughts and produce the end product in a very systemmatic manner, with a well thought out agenda. My weakness however, is stage fright. I become very intimidated when speaking in front of an audience, especially people I do not know. In order to improve on presentations, I have found that it is very important to connect with stakeholders in a collaborative way. It then becomes easier to speak in front of them because I have already gotten to know my audience. For example, it is important to meet with the stakeholders privately either in their office or on the phone. This way each stakeholder can be filled in informally first so that when the formal meeting takes place, the background is done and I am familiar with them. It is important to work on public speaking skills because the stakeholders must be engaged. The entire team must be lead through the process of the change practice that is being presented for it to be successful (Gallagher-Ford L. etal 2011)ReferenceGallagher-Ford L., Fireout-Overholt E., Melnyk B., Stillwell S. (2011) Evidence-Based Practice, Step By Step: Implementing an Evidence-Based Practice Change; ASN American Journal of Nursing Mar 2011; 111(3): 54-60 https://lpes.idm.oclc.org/loginurl=http://gateway.ovid.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN=00000446201103000-00031&LSLINK=80&D=ovft

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