Community activism is defined as actions through which organizations, groups and individual work together to promote economic, social, cultural policies and practice changes. Basically, the key goal of community activism is to endorse actions that decrease health disparities, improve living conditions and enhance community environments. Nowadays, advanced nurse practitioners engage in cooperative and nonstop actions to remove barriers (e.g., social, political, economic barriers, etc.) and change underlying structures aimed to improve the lives of patients subjected to unequal and discriminatory conditions (e.g., minorities groups, LGBTQs, etc.) (Maryland & Gonzalez, 2012).
The key concepts associated with community activism include social justice, praxis, empowerment, critical reflection and consciousness raising. Consciousness raising is a key concept in which is involves the presentation of pertinent information in order to engage with others in critical reflection. Critical reflection is a key concept through which community activists activate possible collective actions and transformations. On the other hand, praxis is a decisive reflective action derived of individual and collective consciousness and theories to create commitment in order to build a justice society (Murphy, 2018).
In addition, empowerment is another key concept that entails processes and results of the implemented transformational actions through which people, communities and organizations increase their control and mastery within political, social and economic frameworks in order to enhance a better quality of life. On the other hand, social justice is a fundamental concept which involves philosophical, public health and political elements embedded in the epitome of human rights and social fairness and impartiality (Murphy, 2018).
Recent data estimates that approximately 38 millions of people are smokers in the United States. Basically, Big Tobacco targets communities such as lower-income ones and creates products which include more addictive substances. These are the key reasons why the prevalence of smokers is higher, particularly among individuals with lower incomes. Therefore, it is crucial that nurses engage in community activism to halt or decrease the negative health impact from Big Tobacco. Some of the actions nurses can implement include the promotion of smoking cessation, education about the negative effects of smoking, increase their understanding of the tobacco industry, and increase awareness about the relationship between smoking and chronic medical conditions such as COPD, cancer, aortic aneurisms, etc. (Savell, Gilmore & Fooks, 2014).
In addition, nurses can alert patients to watch out for deceptions and lies used by these companies to prevent them from quitting. Moreover, nurses must alert smokers the multiple strategies these companies implement to increase their addiction, for instance; several studies have disclosed that nowadays the tobacco industries are delivering products with higher levels of nicotine in other to make smokers more difficult to quit (Savell et al, 2014)
In summary, nursing advocacy is essential to provide actual nursing care and represent a key role that illustrates the competent power of nursing. The engagement of nurses in community activism is crucial and patient advocacy is an extremely important role which has been included in the moral codes of nursing organizations. Undoubtedly, the need for justice is a basic human right and nurses are regarded as the health care professionals that most interact with patients and their difficulties. Therefore, nurses can make available justice for the patients better than any other health care professional (Davoodvand, Abbazzadeh & Ahmadi, 2016).
References
Davoodvand, S., Abbazzadeh, A. & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from clinical nurses’
viewpoint: a qualitative study. Journal of Ethics and History of Medicine, 9 (5), 1-8.
Maryland, M. A. & Gonzalez, R. I. (2012). Patient advocacy in the community legislative arena.
The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, Volume 17, Number 1. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol17
No.01Man02.
Murphy, D. (2018). Introduction to social media, activism and organizations. SAGE Journals,
1-4. doi: 10.1177/2056305117750716.
Savell, E., Gilmore, A. B. & Fooks, G. (2014). How does the tobacco industry attempt to
influence marketing regulations? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, Volume 9 (2), 1-10.
Community Activism
Community activism can be described as a collaborative and sustained action to bring social transformation in a community by changing structures or removing barriers that impede people’s wellbeing. It entails identifying specific policies and practices that may be adversely impacting people’s lives and developing interventions that can improve their living conditions, community environment, and overall health (Mason, Leavitt, & Chaffee, 2017). To attain this goal, community activists work with multiple stakeholders to address underlying structures and policies that may be contributing to unequal, oppressive, or unjust conditions. Advanced Practice Nurses may play a critical role in community advocacy through involvement in community assessment and legislative advocacy (Mason et al., 2017). In the Big Tobacco problem, APN has a role in helping the victims, mobilize people against the companies and petition the government against the companies, and conduct awareness programs in the community.
Community activism involves six major concepts: social justice, community, empowerment, conscious rising, praxis, and critical reflection. First, social justice is a philosophical concept that emphasizes equitable allocation of resources and opportunities to guarantee an active and satisfying life. Hence, it advocates for equal access to resources and opportunities and equal treatment under the law (Mason et al., 2017). However, in different societies, inequalities continue to persist due to poor government policies that continue to privilege the few over the majority. Subsequently, community activism seeks to reverse these policies while pushing for more equitable ones. For instance, the nurses have vehemently opposed Trump’s proposals to the Affordable Care Act since they believe it will deny many people health insurance and access to quality healthcare.
APN should facilitate the formation of community partnerships, which are the basis for conducting awareness mobilization, treatment programs, and legislative programs (Mason et al., 2017). APNs can also organize wellness education programs that educate people about the health dangers of tobacco, and how tobacco companies are conspiring to frustrate anybody who questions their actions. They may also be involved in the treatment of the tobacco addicts (Carter, & Jones, 2017). They have exceptional clinical and leadership skills that may help them to create population-based interventions such as tobacco cessation programs. They may also organize the community to submit petitions to their representatives and later to Congress to ensure that strict action is taken against the community (Grant et al., 2017). Since the problem is national, critical reflection on the issue may play a huge role in addressing the issue conclusively.
References
Carter, M. A., & Jones, M. (2017). Nationwide doctor of nursing practice/advanced practice registered nurse survey on roles, functions, and competencies. Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice, 10(2), 108-112.
Grant, J., Lines, L., Darbyshire, P., & Parry, Y. (2017). How do nurse practitioners work in primary health care settings? A scoping review. International journal of nursing studies, 75, 51-57.
Mason, D. J., Leavitt, J. K., & Chaffee, M. W. (2017). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare 7th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Wright, T. (2017). Towards radical praxis through a new formation in practice development. International Practice Development Journal, 7(2).
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Discussion Questions Dq 1 And Dq 2
/in Uncategorized /by developerThese are two discussion questions DQ1 and DQ2 posts must be at least 150 words and have at least one reference cited for each question. In-text citation, please Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language Sources need to be journal/scholarly articles. Use only articles that are published between 2015-2018 (except for your theory articles which will be older as you must cite primary sources). No textbook or direct quotes Please separate the two DQ with their reference page My project is CLABSI prevention
DQ 1 Should all nurses be considered leaders? What characteristics of a nurse makes one a leader? How does the doctorally prepared advanced practice nurse collaborate with others for company resources? Explain.
DQ 2 Reflecting back on this and all previous courses, how has your thinking about your DPI Project changed? What will you take from this course and apply directly to your DPI Project?
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Discussion Questions Topic 7 Dq 1 And Dq 2
/in Uncategorized /by developerModule 7 DQ 1 and DQ 2
Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language
These are two discussion questions
Your DQ1 and DQ2 posts must be at least 150 words and have at least one reference cited for each question. In-text citation, please
Tutor MUST have a good command of the English language
Sources need to be less than five years old and journal/scholarly articles.
Use only articles that are published between 2015-2018 (except for your theory articles which will be older as you must cite primary sources).
No textbook or direct quotes
Topic 7 DQ 1
Choose one model for EBP implementation. Describe its components and why you believe this model is most appropriate for assisting in translational activities. Contrast this model with another.
Topic 7 DQ 2
Discuss the role of the DNP-prepared nurse in sustaining an EBP culture. What are two effective methods the DNP can use in sustaining an EBP culture?
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Discussion Replay 1 To Each Similarities Less 5 Apa 6th 2 References Min Total 2 Replay
/in Uncategorized /by developerA minimum of 2 paragraphs
Discussion
Advanced registered nurse practitioners (ARNPs) have to consider a broad range of factors when prescribing medicines. For instance, professionals in this area have to consider federal and state laws that regulate their practices. The focus on controlled substances is particularly important because registered nurses have a responsibility to prevent fraud and diversion (Klein, 2016). ARNPs have the authority to prescribe Schedule II, Schedule III, and Schedule IV drugs if they pass certification (Florida Board of Nursing, 2016). It is imperative to prevent tampering to prevent abuse and negative health effects when prescribing such substances. Similarly, nurses have to identify behavioral red flags and demonstrate outstanding communication skills when dealing with scammers (Klein, 2016).
Advanced practice nurses have to deal with a set of barriers that limit their ability to prescribe medicines. First of all, ARNPs have to consider such factors as state licensure and regulations. The situation has improved over the years, and such organizations as the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) seek to improve the prescriptive authority of nurse practitioners. Nevertheless, nurse practitioners have to deal with such issues as supervision and delegation. It is also noted that physician professional organizations believe that it is necessary to limit the scope of nursing practice because of such factors as the overall quality and safety of care (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Available research indicates that most of the concerns voiced by the opponents of unrestricted prescriptive authority are unreasonable. It is also suggested that payer policies affect the ability of registered nurses to prescribe medicines because of low reimbursement rates (Hain & Fleck, 2014). The situation is challenging because both public and private payers often prevent nurse practitioners from practicing independently. It may be beneficial to cooperate with policymakers to address the problem and eliminate the barriers that have an adverse effect on advanced practice nurse prescribers.
References
Florida Board of Nursing. (2016). Important legislative update regarding HB 423. Retrieved from https://floridasnursing.gov/new-legislation-impacting-your-profession/
Hain, D., & Fleck, L. M. (2014). Barriers to nurse practitioner practice that impact healthcare redesign. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 19(2). DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol19No02Man02
Klein, T. (2016). Legal and professional issues in prescribing. In T. M. Woo, & M. Robinson (Eds.), Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse prescribers (4th ed.) (37-50). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
Advanced Practice Nurses (APRNs) as health professionals, are tasked with the responsibility to care for and safeguard the health and safety of patients. One duty of care owed by APRNs is on ethical and legal prescribing of medication. APRNs are expected to adhere to strict standards of prescribing, which serve the needs of the patient, minimize medical errors as well as maintain high levels of professionalism and accountability (Mitchell & Oliphant, 2016). In 2007, the World health Organization (WHO), outlined 7 guidelines which were meant to serve as a universal regulatory framework for ethical prescribing for all health practitioners, including APRNs. They are as follows: (1)Evaluate and define the patient’s problem; (2) Determine the therapeutic objective of the drug therapy; (3) Select an appropriate medication; (4) Provide patients with information, warnings and instructions; (5) Monitor the patient regularly; (6) Consider drug costs when prescribing and (7) Use appropriate tools, such as prescribing software and electronic drug references, to reduce prescription errors.
While the role of APRNs has been extended to include drug prescription, the independence to do so is not absolute. The primary barrier to APRN prescribing involves state practice and licensure (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Only 22 states so far have given full independence to APRNS to prescribe to patients. In the majority of states, including Florida, APRNs can only prescribe with the supervision or collaboration of a qualified physician. Another major barrier lies in the lack of physician cooperation and goodwill. The American Medical Association for instance, is yet to accept and support APRNs as capable of handling independent practice (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Thirdly, APRNs grapple with a physician-biased insurance system that discriminates against nurse practice. Several payer policies and reimbursement models in various states fail to recognize nurse practitioners as primary care providers, thereby affecting the extent of APRN practice including prescription (Altman et al.,2016).
References
Altman, S. H., Butler, A. S., Shern, L., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). Removing Barriers to Practice and Care. In Assessing Progress on the Institute of Medicine Report the Future of Nursing. National Academies Press (US).
Hain, D., & Fleck, L. (2014). Barriers to nurse practitioner practice that impact healthcare redesign. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 19(2).
Mitchell, A., & Oliphant, C. M. (2016). Responsibility for Ethical Prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), A20.
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Discussion Replay Each Similarities Less 5 Apa 6th 2 References
/in Uncategorized /by developerA minimum of 2 paragraphs
Discussion
Advanced registered nurse practitioners (ARNPs) have to consider a broad range of factors when prescribing medicines. For instance, professionals in this area have to consider federal and state laws that regulate their practices. The focus on controlled substances is particularly important because registered nurses have a responsibility to prevent fraud and diversion (Klein, 2016). ARNPs have the authority to prescribe Schedule II, Schedule III, and Schedule IV drugs if they pass certification (Florida Board of Nursing, 2016). It is imperative to prevent tampering to prevent abuse and negative health effects when prescribing such substances. Similarly, nurses have to identify behavioral red flags and demonstrate outstanding communication skills when dealing with scammers (Klein, 2016).
Advanced practice nurses have to deal with a set of barriers that limit their ability to prescribe medicines. First of all, ARNPs have to consider such factors as state licensure and regulations. The situation has improved over the years, and such organizations as the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) seek to improve the prescriptive authority of nurse practitioners. Nevertheless, nurse practitioners have to deal with such issues as supervision and delegation. It is also noted that physician professional organizations believe that it is necessary to limit the scope of nursing practice because of such factors as the overall quality and safety of care (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Available research indicates that most of the concerns voiced by the opponents of unrestricted prescriptive authority are unreasonable. It is also suggested that payer policies affect the ability of registered nurses to prescribe medicines because of low reimbursement rates (Hain & Fleck, 2014). The situation is challenging because both public and private payers often prevent nurse practitioners from practicing independently. It may be beneficial to cooperate with policymakers to address the problem and eliminate the barriers that have an adverse effect on advanced practice nurse prescribers.
References
Florida Board of Nursing. (2016). Important legislative update regarding HB 423. Retrieved from https://floridasnursing.gov/new-legislation-impacting-your-profession/
Hain, D., & Fleck, L. M. (2014). Barriers to nurse practitioner practice that impact healthcare redesign. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 19(2). DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol19No02Man02
Klein, T. (2016). Legal and professional issues in prescribing. In T. M. Woo, & M. Robinson (Eds.), Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse prescribers (4th ed.) (37-50). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
Advanced Practice Nurses (APRNs) as health professionals, are tasked with the responsibility to care for and safeguard the health and safety of patients. One duty of care owed by APRNs is on ethical and legal prescribing of medication. APRNs are expected to adhere to strict standards of prescribing, which serve the needs of the patient, minimize medical errors as well as maintain high levels of professionalism and accountability (Mitchell & Oliphant, 2016). In 2007, the World health Organization (WHO), outlined 7 guidelines which were meant to serve as a universal regulatory framework for ethical prescribing for all health practitioners, including APRNs. They are as follows: (1)Evaluate and define the patient’s problem; (2) Determine the therapeutic objective of the drug therapy; (3) Select an appropriate medication; (4) Provide patients with information, warnings and instructions; (5) Monitor the patient regularly; (6) Consider drug costs when prescribing and (7) Use appropriate tools, such as prescribing software and electronic drug references, to reduce prescription errors.
While the role of APRNs has been extended to include drug prescription, the independence to do so is not absolute. The primary barrier to APRN prescribing involves state practice and licensure (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Only 22 states so far have given full independence to APRNS to prescribe to patients. In the majority of states, including Florida, APRNs can only prescribe with the supervision or collaboration of a qualified physician. Another major barrier lies in the lack of physician cooperation and goodwill. The American Medical Association for instance, is yet to accept and support APRNs as capable of handling independent practice (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Thirdly, APRNs grapple with a physician-biased insurance system that discriminates against nurse practice. Several payer policies and reimbursement models in various states fail to recognize nurse practitioners as primary care providers, thereby affecting the extent of APRN practice including prescription (Altman et al.,2016).
References
Altman, S. H., Butler, A. S., Shern, L., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). Removing Barriers to Practice and Care. In Assessing Progress on the Institute of Medicine Report the Future of Nursing. National Academies Press (US).
Hain, D., & Fleck, L. (2014). Barriers to nurse practitioner practice that impact healthcare redesign. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 19(2).
Mitchell, A., & Oliphant, C. M. (2016). Responsibility for Ethical Prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12(3), A20.
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Discussion Reply 1 19443247
/in Uncategorized /by developerPlease reply with one reference to the following post.
Week 5 Discussion
As a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) student and future practitioner, the three top concerns regarding credentialing are: (1) the impact of legislation and regulation on scope of practice; (2) unequal legislation regulating FNP scope of practice in various states: and (3) FNP practice reimbursement issues with some insurance companies refusing to pay for the services offered by them. Restrictive scope of practice and licensure are noticed to contribute to more rigid policies restricting APRNs ability to practice independently, and this is especially the case in Florida (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2013). Such restrictions of the FNP scope of practice in Florida is a paradox because Florida is the state with the most critical problems in the primary care sector (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2013). While Florida residents badly need quality, safe, and cost-effective primary care that FNPs can provide, the state legislators seem to be blind to the citizens’ basic human needs. To address these concerns, I suggest two strategies explained below.
The first approach is communication by media campaigns to outline the FNP role and the value of FNP care in promoting patient access to healthcare, improving quality, and safety of patient care. My second suggestion is proactive lobbying to change restrictive APRN regulations by the Government. Highlighting and demonstrating the impact of APRN care can also assist in promoting APRN care that is consistent with education, training and scope of practice. Demonstrating the value of APRN care by implementing innovative models that portray APRN skill, knowledge and experience can also be used as a strategy to strengthen the role of the APRN (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2013).
References
American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2013). Legislation/ regulation. Retrieved from https://www.aanp.org/legislation-regulation
Hamric, A.B., Hanson, C.M., Tracy, M.F., & O’Grady, E.T. (2014). Advanced practice nursing: An Integrative approach (5th ed.). Elsevier Saunders: St Louis, MO.
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Discussion Reply 2 19443261
/in Uncategorized /by developerPlease reply with one reference to the following post:
Week 5 Discussion
As a future family nurse practitioner where one of my main functions will be to provide the best care to my patients based on evidenced based practice and within my scope of practice, guided by state regulations. Three current trends or issues I believe are most important to me as a future nurse practitioner are the limitations place on scope of practice, autonomy and higher education requirements. Patients will and are affected by these restrictions especially in rural areas where there are no doctors and patients are relying on the service of the advanced practice nurse. Nurse practitioners can alleviate some of the primary care shortage facing the United States, but their scope-of-practice is limited by state regulation (Gadbois, Miller, Tyler, & Intrator, 2015), and those limitations could be from treatment and diagnosis to prescribing of controlled substances. Many states also increased barriers to entry, requiring high levels of education before entering practice (Gadbois, Miller, Tyler, & Intrator, 2015). Some states are requiring a DNP to practice independently and that could also deeply affect the patients when the masters prepared advanced practice nurse is not allowed to fully function as trained. States vary in requirements for the advanced practice nurse but relaxing of state restrictions on NP practice should increase the use of NPs as primary care providers. Many professional organizations have brought the scope-of-practice issue to the forefront with some legislators supporting the expanded role of NPs and others standing strong with physician organizations who oppose broadening the scope-of-practice for NPs (Hain, & Fleck).
My philosophy will be to treat everyone regardless of who they are, as if there are my close family members, provide the best care even if their ability to pay is limited. We should provide quality care and expand to services to all those that need it.
References
Gadbois, E. A., Miller, E. A., Tyler, D., & Intrator, O. (2015). Trends in state regulation of nurse practitioners and physician assistants, 2001 to 2010. Medical Care Research
Hain, D., & Fleck, L. (2014). Barriers to nurse practitioner practice that impact healthcare redesign. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 19(2).
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Discussion Reply Each 250 Words Min Similarities Less 10 Apa 19435093
/in Uncategorized /by developerCommunity Activism
Societal justice and critical reflection are the fundamental concepts underlying community activism. The former refers to the unbiased distribution of resources for a prolific and fulfilling lifestyle (Reichlin et al., 2019). For instance, through campaigns and demonstrations, nurses, practitioners and the general community would be able to advocate the cause of providing adequate medical amenities.
Critical reflection boosts one’s understanding of the resident community’s issues (such as inadequate staffing) as well as those of others across the globe. Through this approach, the management and staff members would be able to devise long-term resolutions that ensure adequate staffing in the present and future (Reichlin et al., 2019). For example, pursuing suitable programs at academic institutions can steer students in the direction of the healthcare industry.
Paying attention and keeping up with the trends in the tobacco industry is vital. This effort helps the advanced practice nurses to engage in community activism for preventing the negative health impacts associated with Big Tobacco in their respective societies (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). As a result, the nurses would be in a position to enlighten the community members on addictiveness and diseases (such as lung cancer) associated with the increased consumption of tobacco products.
Organizing programs to campaign against smoking is an essential stratagem that would aid nurses in educating the public on why tobacco control policy measures such as higher taxes are needed to ensure reduced consumption. With this tactic, nurses could participate in community activism to curb any further ill effects arising from the use of Big Tobacco (Salmond & Echevarria, 2017). Moreover, holding seminars that counsel smokers and non-smokers, especially the youth, to remain vigilant against industry-instigated efforts would be essential in discouraging the consumption of tobacco products.
References
Reichlin, R., Peltier, M., Raether, E., & Polonsky, S. (2019). Nursing curriculum through a social justice lens: An upstream approach. Public Health Nursing, 36(3), 422-428.
Salmond, S. W., & Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing. Orthopedic Nursing, 36(1), 12-25.
Modern society faces numerous problems that have adverse effects on the overall well-being of a community. Community activism involves social movements that are designed to help raise awareness on issues that society could be facing. Therefore, community activism encompasses the actions taken by a group of individuals to help educate the public on matters related to health, economy, and politics (Messias, 2017). The activities undertaken by community activist groups are known as grassroots actions. One of the main issues facing the United States is the rising levels of tobacco use. Tobacco is a highly addictive drug that contributes to a wide range of health problems including cancer, pregnancy problems in women, and impotence in men. Despite the well-known adverse effects of smoking, tobacco companies still continue to flourish in the business.
Big Tobacco is a term used to refer to the largest tobacco firms in the United States. They include Altria, RJR, and Lorillard. These companies are well-established and shutting them down seems like an almost impossible task; they have lobbyists and lawyers that work hard to ensure that their clients remain profitable (Branston & Sweanor, 2016). Therefore, nurses should step up and take action against the growing use of tobacco in the United States. Nurses make up the largest proportion of healthcare workers. Additionally, they are also in direct contact with patients in different settings. Therefore, nurses can educate the public on the adverse effects of smoking tobacco and help stem the widespread smoking culture (Wolfson, 2017). If the masses are well-educated on the side effects of smoking, they will cease to use tobacco products, thus condemning Big Tobacco out of business.
References
Branston, J. R., & Sweanor, D. (2016). Big tobacco, e-cigarettes, and a road to the smoking endgame. International Journal of Drug Policy, 29(1), 14-18. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.023
Messias, D. K. (2017). An introduction to community activism. Retrieved from https://nursekey.com/an-introduction-to-community-activism/
Wolfson, M. (2017). The fight against big tobacco: The movement, the state and the public’s health. Abingdon, UK: Routledge Publishers.
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Discussion Reply Each 250 Words Min Similarities Less 10 Apa 19435097
/in Uncategorized /by developerCommunity activism is defined as actions through which organizations, groups and individual work together to promote economic, social, cultural policies and practice changes. Basically, the key goal of community activism is to endorse actions that decrease health disparities, improve living conditions and enhance community environments. Nowadays, advanced nurse practitioners engage in cooperative and nonstop actions to remove barriers (e.g., social, political, economic barriers, etc.) and change underlying structures aimed to improve the lives of patients subjected to unequal and discriminatory conditions (e.g., minorities groups, LGBTQs, etc.) (Maryland & Gonzalez, 2012).
The key concepts associated with community activism include social justice, praxis, empowerment, critical reflection and consciousness raising. Consciousness raising is a key concept in which is involves the presentation of pertinent information in order to engage with others in critical reflection. Critical reflection is a key concept through which community activists activate possible collective actions and transformations. On the other hand, praxis is a decisive reflective action derived of individual and collective consciousness and theories to create commitment in order to build a justice society (Murphy, 2018).
In addition, empowerment is another key concept that entails processes and results of the implemented transformational actions through which people, communities and organizations increase their control and mastery within political, social and economic frameworks in order to enhance a better quality of life. On the other hand, social justice is a fundamental concept which involves philosophical, public health and political elements embedded in the epitome of human rights and social fairness and impartiality (Murphy, 2018).
Recent data estimates that approximately 38 millions of people are smokers in the United States. Basically, Big Tobacco targets communities such as lower-income ones and creates products which include more addictive substances. These are the key reasons why the prevalence of smokers is higher, particularly among individuals with lower incomes. Therefore, it is crucial that nurses engage in community activism to halt or decrease the negative health impact from Big Tobacco. Some of the actions nurses can implement include the promotion of smoking cessation, education about the negative effects of smoking, increase their understanding of the tobacco industry, and increase awareness about the relationship between smoking and chronic medical conditions such as COPD, cancer, aortic aneurisms, etc. (Savell, Gilmore & Fooks, 2014).
In addition, nurses can alert patients to watch out for deceptions and lies used by these companies to prevent them from quitting. Moreover, nurses must alert smokers the multiple strategies these companies implement to increase their addiction, for instance; several studies have disclosed that nowadays the tobacco industries are delivering products with higher levels of nicotine in other to make smokers more difficult to quit (Savell et al, 2014)
In summary, nursing advocacy is essential to provide actual nursing care and represent a key role that illustrates the competent power of nursing. The engagement of nurses in community activism is crucial and patient advocacy is an extremely important role which has been included in the moral codes of nursing organizations. Undoubtedly, the need for justice is a basic human right and nurses are regarded as the health care professionals that most interact with patients and their difficulties. Therefore, nurses can make available justice for the patients better than any other health care professional (Davoodvand, Abbazzadeh & Ahmadi, 2016).
References
Davoodvand, S., Abbazzadeh, A. & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from clinical nurses’
viewpoint: a qualitative study. Journal of Ethics and History of Medicine, 9 (5), 1-8.
Maryland, M. A. & Gonzalez, R. I. (2012). Patient advocacy in the community legislative arena.
The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, Volume 17, Number 1. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol17
No.01Man02.
Murphy, D. (2018). Introduction to social media, activism and organizations. SAGE Journals,
1-4. doi: 10.1177/2056305117750716.
Savell, E., Gilmore, A. B. & Fooks, G. (2014). How does the tobacco industry attempt to
influence marketing regulations? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, Volume 9 (2), 1-10.
Community Activism
Community activism can be described as a collaborative and sustained action to bring social transformation in a community by changing structures or removing barriers that impede people’s wellbeing. It entails identifying specific policies and practices that may be adversely impacting people’s lives and developing interventions that can improve their living conditions, community environment, and overall health (Mason, Leavitt, & Chaffee, 2017). To attain this goal, community activists work with multiple stakeholders to address underlying structures and policies that may be contributing to unequal, oppressive, or unjust conditions. Advanced Practice Nurses may play a critical role in community advocacy through involvement in community assessment and legislative advocacy (Mason et al., 2017). In the Big Tobacco problem, APN has a role in helping the victims, mobilize people against the companies and petition the government against the companies, and conduct awareness programs in the community.
Community activism involves six major concepts: social justice, community, empowerment, conscious rising, praxis, and critical reflection. First, social justice is a philosophical concept that emphasizes equitable allocation of resources and opportunities to guarantee an active and satisfying life. Hence, it advocates for equal access to resources and opportunities and equal treatment under the law (Mason et al., 2017). However, in different societies, inequalities continue to persist due to poor government policies that continue to privilege the few over the majority. Subsequently, community activism seeks to reverse these policies while pushing for more equitable ones. For instance, the nurses have vehemently opposed Trump’s proposals to the Affordable Care Act since they believe it will deny many people health insurance and access to quality healthcare.
APN should facilitate the formation of community partnerships, which are the basis for conducting awareness mobilization, treatment programs, and legislative programs (Mason et al., 2017). APNs can also organize wellness education programs that educate people about the health dangers of tobacco, and how tobacco companies are conspiring to frustrate anybody who questions their actions. They may also be involved in the treatment of the tobacco addicts (Carter, & Jones, 2017). They have exceptional clinical and leadership skills that may help them to create population-based interventions such as tobacco cessation programs. They may also organize the community to submit petitions to their representatives and later to Congress to ensure that strict action is taken against the community (Grant et al., 2017). Since the problem is national, critical reflection on the issue may play a huge role in addressing the issue conclusively.
References
Carter, M. A., & Jones, M. (2017). Nationwide doctor of nursing practice/advanced practice registered nurse survey on roles, functions, and competencies. Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice, 10(2), 108-112.
Grant, J., Lines, L., Darbyshire, P., & Parry, Y. (2017). How do nurse practitioners work in primary health care settings? A scoping review. International journal of nursing studies, 75, 51-57.
Mason, D. J., Leavitt, J. K., & Chaffee, M. W. (2017). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare 7th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Wright, T. (2017). Towards radical praxis through a new formation in practice development. International Practice Development Journal, 7(2).
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Discussion Reply Each 250 Words Min Similarities Less 10 Apa 19445329
/in Uncategorized /by developer1 Cannabis Use in Medicine
Medical cannabis is a treatment that has gained increased attention in the United States in the recent past. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, marijuana was widely used as a patent medicine, but it was later prohibited under federal law. There has been much controversy regarding the use of cannabis for medical purposes and the regulations of cannabidiol products. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved marijuana for treatment use as the agency is concerned about patients’ safety and efficacy.
The acceptance and use of medicinal cannabis have continued to grow, as several states in the US have now approved its use for medical conditions. By 2018, thirty-three states and Washington DC had allowed medical marijuana. However, the federal government does not recognize the potential of cannabis to treat diseases, mainly because there are few studies and clinical trials proving its medicinal value. Also, medical marijuana is associated with a risk of abuse and addiction, and it may lead to low quality of life and financial issues among users.
Many Americans, including Congresspersons and members of the medical community, have viewed legalizing medical cannabis positively. The US Congress introduced the Medical Marijuana Research Act to ensure that cannabis is accessible to all qualified scientists seeking to research for medical purposes. If enacted, the bill would eliminate the unnecessary barriers of legalizing medical marijuana research needed to assess the risks and benefits associated with cannabis use. Moreover, medical community members support medicinal cannabis use since it has been reported to treat chronic pain. Also, medical marijuana has helped to control symptoms of several illnesses, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s.
Conclusively, the acceptance and use of medicinal cannabis continues to grow in the United States. Thirty-three states have approved its use for medical conditions. Although the issue of the therapeutic purpose of marijuana has become a controversial medical matter, some health practitioners support its use as a safe and effective medication for patients with chronic pains. On the other hand, the federal government does not recognize medicinal cannabis, mainly due to the lack of studies and clinical trials proving its therapeutic value. Given the increased rate of marijuana use for medicinal purposes, caregivers and patients need to be aware of potential DDIs and adverse effects in the future due to continued use.
References
Stith, S., Vigil, J., Brockelman, F., Keeling, K., & Hall, B. (2018). Patient-reported symptom relief following medical cannabis consumption. Frontiers In Pharmacology, 9. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00916
Pearce, D., Mitsouras, K., & Irizarry, K. (2014). Discriminating the effects of cannabis sativa and cannabis indica: A web survey of medical cannabis users. The Journal of Alternative And Complementary Medicine, 20(10), 787-791. doi: 10.1089/acm.2013.0190
Wheeler, J., & Hagemann, T. (2018). Medical marijuana in the United States: Historical perspectives, legal considerations, and professional obligations of the pharmacist. Journal Of the American College Of Clinical Pharmacy, 1(1), e9-e16. doi: 10.1002/jac5.1014
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The principal aim of the ‘Medical Use Marijuana’ bill no. 192 was redefining the term “medical use.” The reevaluation of medical marijuana whether the possession, use, or administration of marijuana by route of smoking or inhalation be deemed legal by those who are chronically ill. Legalities or restrictions still apply for those who are prescribed medicinal marijuana, to include not smoking indoors, on government property or in the general public. Marijuana has been federally illegal since the 1930’s post Great Depression. Marijuana has also been categorized as a schedule 1 drug alongside heroin by the United Stated federal government which has greatly affected the studies conducted on it. In regard to stakeholders, local government agencies such as law enforcement expressed concerns that crime may increase, policies and procedure with prosecuting the crime and educating the public on laws pertaining to the drug. Pharmaceutical companies are concerned with decrease in profit or lack of control with prescribing and supply. Growers and entrepreneurs are concerned with production, sales and regulation of product. Patients are concerned with cost, availability, and mostly effects and relief from medical ailments.
Certain requirements must be met in order to qualify and be prescribed medicinal marijuana such as a prescription from a qualified physician whom must submit specified documentation to the Board of Medicine and the Board of Osteopathic Medicine. If the patient is a minor under the age of 18 years old the physician is unable to prescribe medicinal marijuana by route of inhalation unless the patient is terminally ill. Additionally, the physician must have the determination from a second physician who is a pediatrician before moving forward with the prescription, as well as informed consent from the parents of the minor.
Decriminalizing marijuana was essential as it kept patients from accessing the medicinal benefit of marijuana. The Florida State laws have allowed patients additional treatment options for diseases such as cancer and pain management for terminal illness, by approving this bill. The state has acknowledged the benefits of marijuana yet was cautious considering the effects it may have on the youth and general population. Ensuring the safety of the State of Florida, definitive boundaries were put in place according to the state law. The federal government still enforces strict limitations on the medical use of cannabis and it remains illegal federally.
Impact on Healthcare
The Florida State Laws allows patients to use medical marijuana as prescribed by health professionals, including a set dose with set amount of refills the same as other prescription drugs. For instance, a patient may be prescribed 2 grams monthly to cope with their disease. In regards to minors younger than 18 years, in order to smoke medical marijuana it must be directed by a pediatrician. The law identifies ten health conditions that qualify one to use medical marijuana. The diseases include epilepsy, cancer, HIV/AIDS, glaucoma, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD), Parkinson’s disease, and Crohn’s disease (Candice M. Bowling 2019). Doctors are also allowed to establish other health complications that are comparable to the listed complications. Studies have shown data that shows that marijuana can help in palliative care and promoting comfort with symptoms such as pain, nausea, appetite loss and anxiety. The passing of this bill further allows research and studies to be done on Marijuana. The absence of such a law makes it illegal due to federal limitations, to conduct research, the marijuana plant is expected to have numerous health benefits and must be explored further.
In conclusion, Florida approved the use of medical marijuana which benefits many ill people statewide. It is beneficial for those who suffer from chronic illness who are in turn affected psychologically. The funding process involves private as well as state budgets in cohesion with the medical sector. Although the drug itself is not yet covered by state or private insurance, it is still beneficial in the treatment of patients which is why they now have the right and privilege to pay out of pocket.
References
Austin, J. (2005, January 1). Rethinking the Consequences of Decriminalizing Marijuana. Retrieved February 4, 2015, from http://norml.org/pdf_files/NORML_Rethinking_Decriminalizing_Marijuana.pdf
Candice M. Bowling and Stanton A. Glantz (2019) Conflict of Interest Provisions in State Laws Governing Medical and Adult Use Cannabis, American Journal of Public Health, 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304862, (e1-e4).
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/in Uncategorized /by developerMedical Cannabis
Medical cannabis-use elicits debate across the country. The stakeholders in support of medical marijuana include patients, clinicians, pharmaceutical industry, and nurses (Andreae et al., 2016). Patients with adverse diseases experience severe symptoms that can be alleviated by medical cannabis. Clinicians and nurses believe that cannabinoid drugs can resolve pain, vomiting, nausea, anxiety, and appetite stimulation. The pharmaceutical industry supports medical marijuana because the approval of the drug presents a business opportunity. However, the federal and some state governments classify the drug as Schedule 1 because it has the potential for dependency (Andreae et al., 2016). Furthermore, religious groups believe that marijuana legalization may lead to misuse of the drug, hence corroding the moral structure of the society.
The current research regarding medical marijuana indicates that the drug can be used safely and effectively used to improve the quality of life for patients. After evaluating the therapeutic impacts of cannabis, the Institute of Medicine indicated that the drug had significant therapeutic value due to Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2019). However, their report cautioned against the use of smoked cannabis because it introduces harmful substances into the patient’s body. Studies have found positive impacts of medical marijuana on adverse effects of glaucoma, cancer, HIV/AIDS, and multiple sclerosis (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2019). As such, there is a need to perform further research to support the effective and ethical use of the drug.
Over the years, individual states have legalized medical marijuana regardless of the federal statute that prohibits it. Currently, thirty-three states have a comprehensive medical cannabis program, while thirteen states allow limited use of the drug (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2019). The trend shows that policies and laws will continue to improve the availability of the drug across the country. Such acceptance across the board may influence the federal government to review its current opposition to marijuana legalization. Moreover, new policies and laws will guide nursing practice in advising and prescribing the drug effectively and safely; without skepticism associated with the current criminalization. Ultimately, future practice is likely to improve as patients access effective, safe, and ethical cannabis.
References
Andreae et al. (2016). Stakeholders’ views on barriers to research on controversial controlled substances. The Journal of Clinical Ethics, 27(4), 308-321.
National Conference of State Legislatures. (2019). State medical marijuana laws. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx. L
2. peer Reply
When it comes to the debate on whether cannabis should be legalized as medicine or not, it affects different stakeholders such as drug dealers, medical practitioners, law enforcement. It also affects the students and citizens in general (Compton,2017). The legalization of Cannabis has a positive impact on citizens since it can cure different diseases. In the case whereby the patients misuse cannabis by overdosing so that they may feel different than that harms their health. In the case of medical practitioners, the legalization of the use of cannabis would have a positive impact since they can conduct research and use the drug appropriately to cure different diseases. In the case of drug dealers, the legalization of cannabis will harm their illegal business since if cannabis can easily be accessed it means the price will go down leading to low income and they lose customers (Unger, 2016). For law enforcement, there is a mixed reaction since they understand both the advantage and disadvantages of cannabis. Though most law enforcers agree that if legalized few people would be abusing the drug.
The medical research shows that there is increased use of cannabis since it has several benefits in terms of improving the health of people. Cannabis helps in stopping the growth of cancer cells in the patient’s body, it also helps in preventing growth in the lungs and brain. It helps in the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease which mainly affects older adults (Compton, 2017). It helps in reducing anxiety among high smokers preventing them from being paranoid. Cannabis helps in the treatment of glaucoma preventing the affected from poor vision and blindness. It also helps in the treatment of arthritis by reducing the pain and inflammation among the affected patients.
Different policies were implemented to cope with the increased use of cannabis. The policies include; implementation of medical cannabis law which ensured that cannabis is strictly used by the affected patients only (Unger, 2016). The policies involve the prohibition of use and possession of cannabis so to assist in reducing the rate at which the drug is consumed especially among the youths.
References
Compton, W. M., Han, B., Hughes, A., Jones, C. M., & Blanco, C. (2017). Use of marijuana for medical purposes among adults in the United States. Jama, 317(2), 209-211.
Unger, J. B., Soto, D. W., & Leventhal, A. (2016). E-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette and marijuana use among Hispanic young adults. Drug and alcohol dependence, 16. Y
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