Comment1
The aspect that I found most interesting in the reading is the polarity between the older and the newer nursing theories. The older nursing theories are associated with taxonomies and quantitative measures, whereas the newer more holistic nursing theories are more qualitative measures and softer phenomena (Shelly, J., 2006). The revolution in the approach of how we think about nursing and nursing interventions in association to ethical decision making relates to a belief that nursing as a profession is both a science and an art-based profession, and the the new theories expand upon the concept. The other aspect that is interesting to me is using world views to challenge contemporary ethos by using philosophical clarity, religious sensitivity, and proportionate level of care for the sick and others who may need other forms of physiological and psychological interventions and/or wellbeing.
As medicine is traditionally considered a healing profession, and modern medicine claims legitimacy to heal through its scientific approach to medicine (Starr, P., 1982), the marriage of science and medicine has generally empowered nurses and physicians to intervene actively in the course of disease, to effect cures, to prevent illness, and to eradicate disease Hauerwas, S. (1990). In the wake of such success, nurses and physicians trained as biomedical scientists, have focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. In the process, cure, not care, became the primary purpose of medicine; as nurses and physician’s role have transformed to the “curer of disease” rather than “healer of the sick (Starr, P. (1982). Thus, healing in a holistic sense has faded from medical attention and is rarely discussed in the medical literature.
Comment2
The polarity between the older and newer nursing theories is the aspect which I have found to be the most interesting during my reading. From my reading, I have found that the older theories are a quantitative while, the newer ones are of qualitative measures.The revolution in the approach of how we consider nursing and nursing intercessions in relationship to basic moral leadership identifies with a conviction that nursing as a calling is both a science and a craftsmanship based calling, and the new speculations develop the idea (Puchalski, Blatt, Kogan, & Butler, 2014).The other perspective that is intriguing to me is utilizing world perspectives to challenge contemporary ethos by utilizing philosophical clearness, religious affectability, and proportionate level of watch over the wiped out and other people who may require different types of physiological and mental intercessions and additionally prosperity.
As medication is customarily viewed as a recuperating calling, and present-day solution claims authenticity to mend through its logical way to deal with prescription, the marriage of science and drug has by and large, engaged attendants and doctors to intercede effectively over the span of ailment, to impact cures, to avert ailment, and to destroy illness. In the wake of such achievement, medical attendants and doctors prepared as biomedical researchers have concentrated on the finding, treatment, and anticipation of the malady. All the while, cure, not give it a second thought, turned into the central role of the solution; as medical attendants and doctor’s part have changed to the curer of ailment instead of healer of the wiped out. Along these lines, recuperating in an all-encompassing sense has blurred from restorative consideration and is once in a while examined in the therapeutic writing.
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Comment 18885541
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In labor & delivery we have recently adopted a research-based or evidence-based practice, which is the use of the Peanut Ball during labor. It is a tool used for promoting the progress of labor, by facilitating normal fetal descent (bringing the baby down) for an easier delivery, and to prevent the patient from having to have a primary C-section. Failure to progress during labor is the most common indication for a first time C-section (Tussey, et al., 2015). Before last year, my hospital had let the mother labor down on their own without any assistance, other than letting the patient reposition themselves in bed as needed. Needless to say the hospital primary C-section rate was high and needed to be lowered. According to, Reducing Length of Labor and Cesarean Surgery Rate Using a Peanut Ball for Women Laboring With an Epidural 2015, “The ball promotes spinal flexion, increasing the uterospinal angle, and increasing the pelvic diameters to facilitate occiput posterior rotation, which results in a widened pelvic outlet.” Now, once the patient comes in and it has been established that she is in labor, we utilize the peanut ball on all patients by placing it between their legs to keep the pelvis open and rotating the patient from side to side to help shorten the length of labor and to help decease the primary C-section rate.
Comment 2
Evidence-based practice is utilized to promote quality, cost-effective outcomes for patients as well as the healthcare professionals and healthcare system (Burns & Grove, 2011). Evidence-based practice is the action of implementing best evidence-based care, supported by research, and integrating the care with patient’s needs and values as well as clinical expertise (Burns & Grove, 2011). Nurses utilizing evidence-based care began as the profession began. Florence Nightingale realized that cleanliness to air, water and diet promoted health to her wounded soldiers and aided in their recovery (Burns & Grove, 2011). Examples of evidence-based practice include better management of patient’s blood pressure on a primary care level to better avoid heart attack, stroke and kidney disease, as well as understanding risks factors for diabetes leading to earlier screening for patients who possess the risk factors, or the appropriate guidelines for IM medication administration to promote effectiveness of medication delivery and patient’s comfort (Burns & Grove, 2011). In Singapore, 64% nurses expressed positive attitude towards evidence based practice and bettering their patient’s outcomes, however also expressed concern on their already heavy workload while attempting to keep up with data and new evidence (Majid & et. al, 2011). The main barriers in implementing evidence-based care to this facility in Singapore was found to be lack of time, lack of ability to understand the statistical data as well as jargon used in the research articles (Majid & et. al, 2011).
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Comment 18888265
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According to the textbook, nurses in various settings are adopting a research-based (or evidence-based) practice that incorporates research findings into their decisions and interaction with clients. How do you see this being applied in your workplace?
Sepsis is a major cause of hospitalization and death throughout the world, the hospital I work out has a screening process that we as nurse must assess the patients every 4 hours for signs of sepsis. The symptoms can be easily overlooked, and death rates continues to increase for septic shock. The point of the screening is to recognize early signs of septic shock and initial treatment right away. Patients, BP, heart rate, respirations, temperature and wbc indicates to the nurse if patient has a positive screen for sepsis, once the test is positive the nurse must obtain a lactated acid, blood cultures, and informed the doctor.
According to Birriel, 2013, Early treatment of sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock with quantitative fluid resuscitation has been shown to improve patient outcomes in multiple studies,(4,5) as has early treatment with antibiotics(5-8); however, to attain the greatest benefit from these therapies, sepsis must be identified as early as possible in its course.
Comment2
Few years ago, the facility that I work wanted all nurses to do hands off communication at bedside. A lot of nurses were very reluctant to this change. At some point the facility became very serious about it and wanted all the nurses to implement it. Now not only we have to give report at bedside, we have to wake patients and families up, so they can participate. I found it very interesting and proficient. It takes less time to give report, good for patient safety, patients and families are less anxious and ask less questions afterward because they know the plan of care for that specific day, and help nurses not to forget to pass on any relevant information to the patients’ cases. This is what two authors have to say about bedside report: “In traditional shift to shift reporting, nurses spend the end of their shift (and often into overtime) transcribing or taping a report for the oncoming nurse, who then spends the first portion of his or her shift reading the notes or listening to the tape. Bedside shift reporting saves time and allows the incoming nurse to ask questions. It also improves patient safety by involving the patient and ensuring patient and caregivers are on the same page.” (Hendren, 2010). “Conducting nurse-to-nurse shift report at the bedside, in the presence of the patient puts the patient central to all care activity information (Anderson & Mangino, 2006). It allows the introduction of the incoming nurse by the outgoing nurse to the patient and the family. Being in the room, helps incoming nurse to ask questions, visually see all medicines that the patient is having. Bedside reports also provide the opportunity to reassess the patient’s goals from the prior period and update the goals as needed. Anderson and Mangino (2006) observed increased patient, staff, and physician satisfaction as well as financial savings after implementing bedside shift report.” (Manning, 20036).
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Comment 18891345
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Science and religion is ongoing controversy that will remain in society as people’s beliefs are tested and trialed. Science is a belief that if it cannot be proven, then it does not exist, and that all other beliefs that cannot be proven are merely false (Clark, 2015). This can create many tense moments when someone’s loved one is in a hospital and maybe the end of life for them. Their faith is tested and many turn away from God and ask, “Why are doing this to me, what did I do to deserve this?” As stated, doctors are not saviors and they cannot heal all people, therefore to accept and understand the process may bring religion closer to the individuals (Meliaender, 2013). Medicine has been more scientific than it has been religious in modern day, but more like older days, medicine has made a come around to become a more holistic approach to caring for individuals, which also includes religion in the practice. I believe that there is a balance between science and religion when caring for patients. If a patient or family member wishes to have a sentimental item or belief within a picture, rosary, or specific items, then the medical staff should honor those wishes as it will create a calming effect over the family to allow the medical professionals to care for the patient.
Comment2
The perceived tension between science and religion stems from William Passavant’s description of the differences between the roles of deaconesses and nurses in 1899. Passavant defined the care provided by a deaconess as eternal service, providing care through love, and caring for the body to reach the soul (Shelly & Miller, 2009, p. 21). He defined the care provided by a nurse as service for financial compensation, with a motive based on a system rather than love, and a concern for the present welfare of a patient instead of their eternal future (Shelly & Miller, 2009, p. 21). The tension between these two concepts with regards to nursing care is ironic because regardless of the foundational discipline under which a provider has earned or accepted the responsibility to care for the ill or injured, the primary goal is the same; return the patient to the best state of well-being as physically, emotionally, mentally, and spiritually possible. Although the primary goal is the same, the philosophical and cultural differences between science and religion have the capability of pushing each discipline further from the other. With a scientific approach lacking a spiritual focus and a religious approach lacking a pathophysiologic focus, it is evident that a combination of the two is necessary to achieve the best possible outcome for our patients.
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Comment 18893043
/in Uncategorized /by developerComment1
The aspect that I found most interesting in the reading is the polarity between the older and the newer nursing theories. The older nursing theories are associated with taxonomies and quantitative measures, whereas the newer more holistic nursing theories are more qualitative measures and softer phenomena (Shelly, J., 2006). The revolution in the approach of how we think about nursing and nursing interventions in association to ethical decision making relates to a belief that nursing as a profession is both a science and an art-based profession, and the the new theories expand upon the concept. The other aspect that is interesting to me is using world views to challenge contemporary ethos by using philosophical clarity, religious sensitivity, and proportionate level of care for the sick and others who may need other forms of physiological and psychological interventions and/or wellbeing.
As medicine is traditionally considered a healing profession, and modern medicine claims legitimacy to heal through its scientific approach to medicine (Starr, P., 1982), the marriage of science and medicine has generally empowered nurses and physicians to intervene actively in the course of disease, to effect cures, to prevent illness, and to eradicate disease Hauerwas, S. (1990). In the wake of such success, nurses and physicians trained as biomedical scientists, have focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. In the process, cure, not care, became the primary purpose of medicine; as nurses and physician’s role have transformed to the “curer of disease” rather than “healer of the sick (Starr, P. (1982). Thus, healing in a holistic sense has faded from medical attention and is rarely discussed in the medical literature.
Comment2
The polarity between the older and newer nursing theories is the aspect which I have found to be the most interesting during my reading. From my reading, I have found that the older theories are a quantitative while, the newer ones are of qualitative measures.The revolution in the approach of how we consider nursing and nursing intercessions in relationship to basic moral leadership identifies with a conviction that nursing as a calling is both a science and a craftsmanship based calling, and the new speculations develop the idea (Puchalski, Blatt, Kogan, & Butler, 2014).The other perspective that is intriguing to me is utilizing world perspectives to challenge contemporary ethos by utilizing philosophical clearness, religious affectability, and proportionate level of watch over the wiped out and other people who may require different types of physiological and mental intercessions and additionally prosperity.
As medication is customarily viewed as a recuperating calling, and present-day solution claims authenticity to mend through its logical way to deal with prescription, the marriage of science and drug has by and large, engaged attendants and doctors to intercede effectively over the span of ailment, to impact cures, to avert ailment, and to destroy illness. In the wake of such achievement, medical attendants and doctors prepared as biomedical researchers have concentrated on the finding, treatment, and anticipation of the malady. All the while, cure, not give it a second thought, turned into the central role of the solution; as medical attendants and doctor’s part have changed to the curer of ailment instead of healer of the wiped out. Along these lines, recuperating in an all-encompassing sense has blurred from restorative consideration and is once in a while examined in the therapeutic writing.
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Comment 18893875
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In health care and its bases of scientific theory, test, trial, and numerical success in outcomes comes into great conflict when tested by those who are not believers of western government. There is a fine line in which providers face when attempting to initiate treatment in those individuals as well as be open and accepting on those beliefs.
There have been many recent trials in theory and test in which have not been initiated by religion but also have tested and shadowed the rational to medical treatments. Some theories include the debate of vaccines, and the use of chemotherapy.
Other treatments that have been absolutely banned include that of abortion. History presented the length in which Women have fought for the right to make a choice in regards to their bodies, and also the ability to choose to plan their families. There until this day there has been great push back from Christians to perform the sinful act of terminating a birth even past of conception. The lines are set within both sides and in some areas of the world these religious beliefs mold practice, and law.
For providers as us, we have to be proactive in allowing the patient to voice their concerns and in a way explain particular treatment plans. There can also be the opportunity to adapt for the patient and accommodate their belief practice as well
Comment2
Scientism is the belief that the best or only way to have any knowledge of reality is by means of the sciences (Moreland and Craig, 2003, pp. 346-350). I think this statement about scientism is a little crazy now days. Maybe a 100 years ago this was an ok way of thinking. However, with all the world has come to and changes that have been made in science and healthcare, we could have better ways of thinking. The fact any other claim to knowledge is opinion or false is far stretched as well. I think as nurses it is important to remember a patient needs to be taken care of as a whole, not just their specific problem. I think for a while it was shied away from, as no one wanted to touch religion during caring for a patient. Now anymore it is important and encouraged to take care of a patient not just physically, but emotionally. Often times that emotional piece for patients requires a religion or some belief they have. There are lots of different religions and nurses have to remember that and put their personal beliefs aside to help better care for patients.
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Comment 18896569
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The Christian concept of imago dei is described by Shelly & Miller (2006) as man being created in the image of God, granting dignity and honor to everyone while separating mankind from everything else on earth.
This is important to healthcare because human lives depend on healthcare. By focusing the attention on preserving life and granting each person dignity, we value each human’s life over and above everything else on earth, as God intended. While postmodernism would hold a humans life less valuable since that philosophy believes the humans are simply another organism on earth, with the same value as a rock (Shelly &, 2006).
This belief is relevant because if we are all viewed as imago dei, then there are moral consequences if we choose to treat humans as
equal to all other animals in creation. As Shelly & Miller (2006) asserts, men may eat other animals in the world, but according to the Christian concept of imago dei, we were placed here as separate and superior beings and it is not appropriate to eat another human being, shoot a person for an illness or disability, and while we are free
to choose, it is our responsibility to treat the sick and dying with dignity and respect with hope for a positive outcome.
Comment 2
The Christian concept of imago Dei as explained by our text is that all humans are created in the image and likeness of god; because of this, human life is deemed valuable and special among all other life forms (Shelly & Miller, 2006). This is an important and basic concept that bares relevance to many aspects within humanity. In the context of healthcare, this is an especially crucial and fundamental understanding. Healthcare providers, caregivers, and all disciplines of the occupation should practice with this core understanding always in mind which transcends across religions and personal beliefs/opinions. Human life is a gift, and as such, each life is significant and meaningful, deserving of respect, empathy, kindness and dignity. A person’s worth and dignity is not determined by their health status, bodily functions or medical prognosis. Healthcare workers should always uphold this truth and honor a person’s right to this understanding. This should be a standard of all care, regardless of if the person’s medical decisions are not in opposition to the healthcare worker’s personal opinion or choice (Sevensky, n.d.).
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Comment 18897901
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Meilaender uses Leon Kass’s words to help us understand the difference between reproduction and procreation. According to Kass, “The premodern Christian English speaking world, impressed with the world as given by a creator, using the term ‘pro-creation.’ We, impressed with the machine and the gross national product, employ a metaphor of the factory, ‘reproduction.” (Engelland, 2015). According to Meilaeder in his reading, he clams that procreation is natural and has some influence when it comes to divine while reproduction is unnatural and it works against God’s plans. Form various research materials; reproduction is a biological way through which human beings reproduce for continuity of the human species. The reproduction means more to the species as it is to the individual. On the other hand, procreation is a process of creating new things of the same kind.
According to Meilaender, on these two terms, it is a matter of morality. On begetting versus cloning, Meilaender argues on Christianity and theological perspective that shows the value of life and the importance of child as a gift from God and thus it is against the view that the child is a product. According to the reading, the process of creating new life or a marvel of transmission of life father to child is called propagation (Mattes, 2016).Multiplication to proliferation is partially an indication of human opportunity. Conceived, is the correct inverse. It is when something leaves something else existing before it. In this way, any conceived thing or needing to have a source. Indeed, I concur with his description as the definitions justify the readings.
Comment2
According to Meilaender (2013), procreation is the gift of life given by a Creator while reproduction is the manmade creation of life through artificial or assisted means. Being Begotten has a similar meaning as procreation as it is the “transmission of life from father to son” while to be made is similar to reproduction as it is to be made through artificial means rather than created naturally (Meilaender, 2013). I can understand the descriptions and agree the meaning for each word. However, I have a hard time with the descriptions in the details for them, especially the reproduction. To me, I have seen many parents struggle with infertility and are so joyful when they are told they cannot have children naturally but have options. With the description of children from infertility treatments being an “object” and that the “human worth increasing becomes something that to be achieved rather than the birthright of every child” as Meilaender (2013) puts it does not settle right with me. To me, I view this is a contradiction of the beginning of the book that states that human being is the right of all individuals not matter their state of being.
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Comment 18899049
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Meilaender begins with the definitions and clarification of the differences between procreation as it was labeled in the earlier years. He uses Leon Kass’ work to help describe it as “The pre-modern Christian English speaking world, impressed with the world as given by a Creator, used the term “pro-creation. “We, impressed with the machine and the gross national product (our own work of creation), employ a metaphor of the factory, “re-production.” (Kass, 2014). As he states that pro-creation is the natural way to form life and reproduction is a non-natural way to create life, this can be defined differently today.
Begotten he defines as a child that is created naturally vs being made, but also discusses that regardless this child was created for a man and woman that loved each other (Meilaender, 2013). My belief is that if God did not want children to be created, whether naturally or through assistance, then he would have not placed the knowledge into the brains of the discovery of such. This advancement in technology has been able to create children for those that are unable to conceive and that can give a great and loving life to that child. There are those parents that should not be allowed to procreate, but then the world would not be as diversified as it is today. I think the language that Meilaender uses to describe in chapter is relevant, but agreeing I am not 100%. I think today, verbiage that is used to describe something as special as conceiving a child should not be distinguished between natural vs. unnatural.
comment2
Reflecting on Meilaender’s reading his distinction between procreation and reproduction is described as, procreation referring to the world as designed or given by the Creator, whereas Meilaender defines reproduction as the work of humans to, “master and reshape our world” (2013). This could be a little confusing to some people, as the phrase begotten is used,“only begotten Son” occurs in John 3:16, which reads in the King James Version as, “For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” The phrase “only begotten” translates the Greek word monogenes. This word is variously translated into English as “only,” “one and only,” and “only begotten.” Meilaneder basically states the same thing that “The Father gives all that he is and has to the son. He begets him” he gives all he has to his one and only son. I am unsure how I feel about these topics to be truthful, I’ve never really thought of it… any thoughts classmates?
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Comment 18902593
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Also known as the four-principal approach, principalism has four main principles that explain the bioethics. I believe the principles should be ranked as follows.
The most important thing is the respect for autonomy thus allowing the patient to decide their health care. From the biblical narrative, the principles will follow one another in the following manner; creation, fall, redemption, and restoration (Reyes, & Castillo, 2017).This is because God permitting is to be on this planet, and picking amongst good and bad. Even though he may not concur with our choice, he enables us to choose what way we will take throughout everyday life.
comment2
Similar to how the U.S. has placed the respect for autonomy as the highest of the four principles, I too rank autonomy as the most important biomedical ethics principle. I believe that first and foremost, what happens to the body of an individual is the decision of that individual, assuming that those decisions do not cause harm to anyone else.
I rank nonmaleficence as my second most important principle of ethics because I don’t believe anyone should intentionally cause harm to others.
The ranking of the last two principles, for me, is slightly less clear. Beneficence and justice are tied in third. When I see the term “prevent” as in prevent harm, I want to rank beneficence higher on my list, but I need further consideration. In consideration of justice, the fair distribution of benefits is of extreme importance and is no small issue. It is of huge importance, but it is not what I think of when I initially think of ethics.
In relation to the Christian biblical narrative, I believe the order of importance for the principles would be: beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence, and respect for autonomy. I believe this would be the order because in the beginning, God provided benefits that were balanced and distributed fairly to all (beneficence and justice). This resulted in Shalom, a peaceful and orderly state. Nonmaleficence I believe would be ranked third because we were (are) not to cause harm to others. Finally, I believe respect for autonomy would be last in the Christian biblical narrative because all living things had what they needed, and they believed and trusted in God to provide all their needs.
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Comment 18902595
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The four parts of the Christian Biblical Narrative include: creation, fall, redemption, and restoration. Creation encompasses the belief that “God is the creator of everything that exists” (Grand Canyon University, 2015, The Christian Narrative section, para. 3). Fall entails the introduction of sin into society as depicted by the story of Adam and Eve who ate from the tree that God told them explicitly not to eat from. For those who have sinned, God presents the option of redemption by making “available forgiveness and salvation by grace alone, through faith alone” (Grand Canyon University, 2015, The Christian Narrative section, para. 5). Restoration is the last part of the Christian Biblical Narrative which has yet to come to fruition. “The return of Jesus, the final judgment of all people, and the restoration of all creation will inaugurate final restoration” (Grand Canyon University, 2015, The Christian Narrative section, para. 6).
In terms of creation, the Christian Biblical Narrative states that we are created not only in the image of God, but according to His plan. Moreover, “the act of creating by God was intentional… and everything is how it ought to be” (Grand Canyon University, 2015, The Christian Narrative section, para. 3). In relation to the reality of sickness and disease, what happens to us is meant to be and part of His grand design. The Fall caused a break in Shalom or peace by introducing sin into the world. Sin’s impact on the reality of sickness and disease is that it has the potential to cause death or illness that otherwise could have been prevented. Redemption is God’s offering to allow us to right our wrongs and enter back into His good grace (i.e. repent). In relation to sickness and disease, redemption can restore our hope and faith and strengthen our spiritual health which could help in the healing process. Restoration encompasses the commitment that God has made to judge all of us based on our faith and belief in His word. He promises those who have maintained their faith in Him and obeyed Him, that they will be restored to their original state (one of purity and goodness).
Comment2
Creation: God made the earth and the man Earlier the earth was brimming with peace. This sort of peace is that in which every one of the things works with the expectation of God. Here human can prosper and can live joyfully in the congruity within sight of God.
Fall:Adam and Eve defied God rules they spoke to every single person who is defiant and does not work as per God’s aim. Through our activities and musings, we have turned into the adversary of the God.
Redemption: In this stage, God has made a few arrangements to spare the heathens from being fallen, and for that, he comes himself to reestablish the world. He saw the rage of these wrongdoings as abhor, wars, ailment, malicious and enduring (Krueger, 2014).So to reclaim the universe of these sufferings, He sent his solitary child Jesus to the earth and dies for the sinners and spares ourselves from those sins.
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