Comment1.
In medicine, Levels of evidence (LoE) are arranged in a ranking system used in evidence based practices to describe the strength of the results measured in a clinical trial or research study (Wikipedia, 2018). A method utilized in evidenced based medicine to determine the clinical value of a study (Moore, n.d.). In grading scheme, scientific evidence can range from level 1 that is the most scientifically valid; to level 5 that is the weakest form of evidence (Sharma, n.d)
Different levels of evidence is categorized as follows:
Level 1: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) is a study in which the patients are randomly assigned to the treatment or controlled group and are followed prospectively. It can also be in a form of Meta-analysis of randomized trials with homogenous results (Moore, n.d). Sharma (n.d) states that optic neuritis treatment trial study is a perfect example of this level of evidence.
Level 2: Lesser quality RCT is a prospective comparative study. It is a study in which patient groups are separated non-randomly by exposure or treatment, with exposure occurring after the initiation of the study (Moore, n.d). Example of this study according to Sharma (n.d) is a scatter laser photocoagulation for occult choroid neovascularization.
Level 3: Retrospective cohort study pertains to the study in which groups are separated by the current presence or absence of disease and examined for the prior exposure of interest. A perfect example of this level is thrombolytic therapy for acute retinal arterial occlusion (Sharma, n.d).
Level 4: Moore (n.d) states that a level 4 is a Case Series, which means a report of multiple patients with the same treatment, but no control groups or comparison group. Example is macular translocation surgery for the treatment of Chroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) (Sharma, n.d).
Level 5: Is a case report, or expert opinion, a mere personal observation. An interventional case reports can be classified as level 5 evidence, example is a removal of choroid neovascular membrane (Sharma, n.d).
Comment2
Meta-analyses –This is a high level of evidence due to the ability of meta-analyses being able to establish statistical significance across studies that may have had contradictory results. By evaluating multiple studies at one time this increases the statistical significance than with just one study alone. Practice changes in psychology can occur as a result of meta-analyses. The researcher looks over published studies, and then studies the results for trends.
Experimental studies and Quasi-experimental studies-These types of studies help to determine how effective certain nursing interventions are for patient outcomes. As a result this could lead to many practice changes in nursing.
Nonexperimental studies-Descriptive and correlational studies are sometimes referred to as nonexperimental and the reason being is that evaluating the study variables is observed naturally and not under any type of control set by the researcher.
Program Evaluations, RU studies, quality improvement projects, case report. In our textbook there is an example of a descriptive study design where women were studied with postpartum depression after having pregnancy complications. The purpose was to describe barriers to treatment, use on internet resources for assistance for postpartum and their inclination for Internet treatment for postpartum depression.
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Combining Nurse Leader With Advocacy 19238003
/in Uncategorized /by developerRate yourself using the results from the “Nurse Manager Skills Inventory”:
http://www.aone.org/resources/online-assessments.shtml
Write a reflection of 750‐1,000 words in which you identify your strengths and weaknesses related to the four content areas below:
Discuss how you will use your current leadership skill set to advocate for change in your workplace.
Identify one personal goal for your leadership growth and discuss your implementation plan to achieve that goal.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in‐text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
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Combining Nurse Leader With Advocacy 19266075
/in Uncategorized /by developerRate yourself using the results from the “Nurse Manager Skills Inventory”:
http://www.aone.org/resources/online-assessments.shtml
Write a reflection of 750‐1,000 words in which you identify your strengths and weaknesses related to the four content areas below:
Discuss how you will use your current leadership skill set to advocate for change in your workplace.
Identify one personal goal for your leadership growth and discuss your implementation plan to achieve that goal.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in‐text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
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Combining Nurse Leader With Advocacy 19273863
/in Uncategorized /by developerRate yourself using the results from the “Nurse Manager Skills Inventory” Topic 5 study material.
Write a reflection of 750‐1,000 words in which you identify your strengths and weaknesses related to the four content areas below:
Discuss how you will use your current leadership skill set to advocate for change in your workplace.
Identify one personal goal for your leadership growth and discuss your implementation plan to achieve that goal.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in‐text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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Combining Nurse Leader With Advocacy
/in Uncategorized /by developerRate yourself using the results from the “Nurse Manager Skills Inventory”:
http://www.aone.org/resources/nurse-manager-skills-inventory.pdf
Write a reflection of 750-1,000 words in which you identify your strengths and weaknesses related to the four content areas below:
Discuss how you will use your current leadership skill set to advocate for change in your workplace.
Identify one personal goal for your leadership growth and discuss your implementation plan to achieve that goal.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
Combining Nursing Leader With Advocacy
/in Uncategorized /by developerRate yourself using the results from the “Nurse Manager Skills Inventory”:
http://www.aone.org/resources/nurse-manager-skills-inventory.pdf
Write a reflection of 750-1,000 words in which you identify your strengths and weaknesses related to the four content areas below:
Discuss how you will use your current leadership skill set to advocate for change in your workplace.
Identify one personal goal for your leadership growth and discuss your implementation plan to achieve that goal.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
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Comm 18878943
/in Uncategorized /by developerComment1
Extraneous Variables are undesirable variables that influence the relationship between the variables that an experimenter is examining. These variables are undesirable because they add error to an experiment. A major goal in research design is to decrease or control the influence of extraneous Variables as much as possible. (Psychology world, 2017). The extraneous variables can be hold constant by creating a standardized environment and procedure so that all variables are the same in each condition and therefore cannot be confounding. These variables exist in all studies and can interfere with obtaining a clear understanding of the relationship among the study variables. For example, if a study focused on the effect of relaxation therapy on the perception of incisional pain, the researchers would have to control the extraneous variables, such as type of surgical incision and time, amount, and type of pain medication administered after surgery, to prevent their influence on the patient’s perception of pain. Selecting only patients with abdominal incisions who are hospitalized and receiving only one type of pain medication intravenously after surgery would control some of these extraneous variables. Controlling extraneous variables enables researchers to determine the effects of an intervention or treatment on study outcomes more accurately. (Grove, Gray & Burns, 2015).
Comment2
Quantitative research is a type of formal, objective type of research and generates numerical information about concepts and relationships between variables and includes descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental and experimental (Burns & Grove, 2011).
The type of quantitative research used is based on the amount information the researcher has on the subject before the experiment. If a researcher knows little about the topic they may begin with descriptive to gather better information then move on to correlational, quasi-experimental or experimental studies (Burns & Grove, 2011). Descriptive research is typically without manipulation and leads to further quantitative studies (Burns & Grove, 2011).
Correlation studies describe relationships between variables in a positive, negative relationship or no relationship such as smoking cigarettes negatively affecting the smoker’s life span however does not study to which a degree or the exact cause and often will lead to a more extensive study such as quasi-experimental or experimental research (Burns & Grove, 2011).
Quasi-experimental research examines relationships to better determine a cause-and-effect relationship between variables and involve implementing a treatment to a concern and evaluating the effects (Burns & Grove, 2011). Quasi-experimental research involves less control of variables than strict experimental research and often utilize humans or patients as a variable and is most often used in nursing research (Burns & Grove, 2011). An example of quasi-experimental research can include a certain exercise program for cardiac rehab patients post CABG and the effects on improving the health or assisting in the rehabilitation.
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Comment 150 Words 19446489
/in Uncategorized /by developerNurses advocate for their patients in many ways and on a daily basis. Many do not realize that by providing care and communicating with patients, they are practicing advocacy. Ways the nurses advocate for patients include; through inter and intrapersonal communication, therapeutic communication, collaboration, socialization, implementation, networking with organizations (specifically those that move to influence legislative change), and identifying health care disparities and health care delivery Grand (Canyon University, 2018).
We are all put in daily situations in which we advocate for our patients. One that jumps out to me, is a patient who came in as an outpatient and was status post op for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient came over from PACU into second phase recovery after over an hour and a half in the PACU. Bedside report revealed that the patient was thrashing upon arrival to PACU, pain was not manageable, and the patient’s blood pressure decreased while heart rate increased. The patient was still uncomfortable and thrashing around. I immediately contacted the physician who came to assess the patient. He stood there stating he didn’t know what was wrong or could be wrong with the patient. I, alongside my charge nurse, pushed for an order to draw a stat hemoglobin and hematocrit as I felt the patient was bleeding internally. It took convincing, but there were no further interventions we could do at this time to help this patient. When the H&H came back, it had dropped significantly compared to his preoperative levels the day before and below the norms. The patient was rushed back into the operating room where it was discovered he had ripped his internal stitches due to the thrashing around postoperatively. If it wasn’t for us advocating and pushing for the lab draw, the surgeon may have let the patient discharge where he would have bled a significant amount more. He could have potentially died. An Incident Report Form was completed on this situation.
Reference
Grand Canyon University. (2018). Professional Engagement. Retrieved from
https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs430v/dynamics-in-nursing-art-and-science-of-professional-
practice/v1.1/#/chapter/5
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Comment 150 Words
/in Uncategorized /by developerAdvocacy is one of the pillars of the nursing profession. An important role for nursing professionals is to be an advocate for their patients to reach their healthcare goals. Advocating is about standing up for the rights of your patients and firmly defending them even if you personally may not agree. Nurses can be a patient advocate by helping to make an informed decision. Every individual has the right to make their health care decision about their own health. Especially when the patient is alert and competent, the nurses should take the patient’s decision seriously. Nurses must make the patient their priority, for example, a terminally ill patient may decline extensive treatment and may only wish for comfort care even though the family might seek extensive treatment. In this situation, the nurse must advocate the patient’s wishes.
Nurses can also advocate for their patients by being a resource person. I would like to share an example of a prescription drug cost. I had a patient diagnosed with severe neuropathy and the physician had prescribed him Lyrica which is a very effective medication to treat neuropathic pain. Unfortunately, the patient was uninsured, and the drug was very expensive, so the patient was unable to afford the medication. I did extensive research and found out about a program called “Pfizer patient assistance program” that provides medication (Lyrica) to the uninsured patients with no cost for a certain period. I then explained all this information to the patient and helped him fill the application form. Finally, the patient received his medication and took for 3 months. One day, when I was working on the floor, the patient called me and said his pain was well controlled and now he was able to get back to his work. I was so happy to hear that he was getting better and back to his normal job. If he wouldn’t have received this medication he would have been in pain every day and even get depressed. This might have resulted in multiple visits to the hospital and or healthcare facility. As nurses, we have the responsibility to stand up for what is right for our patients.
Reference
Tricia Hussung (2016) Critical Care: The Role of Nurses as Patient Advocates retrieved from https://online.alvernia.edu/nurses-as-patient-advocates/
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Comment 18877201
/in Uncategorized /by developerComment1
According to Grove, Gray, & Burns (2015), extraneous variables are present in all studies and can affect the study and the relationships among the variables. Researchers
must continually look for extraneous variables throughout the research to prevent a biased impact. They can be confounding, which means they are not recognized until the study is in progress, or environmental, which includes the climate, family, etc. Extraneous variables are more of a concern in quantitative research because they can prevent the researcher from obtaining a clear understanding and they are not recognized until the study is in progress but profoundly affect the outcome of the study (Gray, et al, 2015). While in most qualitative studies, extraneous variables are usually controlled because subjects are studied in their natural environments. By selecting a sampling of
participants who are characteristic of the population being studied, extraneous variables can be controlled by the researcher. Grove, et al (2015) provides the example of research on the effect of relaxation therapy and the patient’s perception of incisional pain. In order to control extraneous variables, the researcher needed a sampling of patients who are in a hospital environment and receiving one type of intravenous pain medication. This type of sampling would reduce the extraneous variables such as surgical incision and time, amount and type of pain medication administered postoperatively and their perception of incisional pain (Grove, et al, 2015).
Comment 2
There are 4 types of extraneous variables:
*Situational variables- which are aspects of the environment that might affect the participant’s behavior. For example; noise, temperature, lighting conditions. Situational variables should be controlled so they are the same for all participants.
*Participant/person variables- This refers to the ways in which each participant varies from the other, and how this could affect the results. For example; mood, intelligence, anxiety, nerves, concentration.
*Experimenter/ investigator effects- The experimenter unconsciously conveys to participants how they should behave – this is called experimenter bias.
*Demand characteristics- these are all the clues in an experiment which convey to the participant the purpose of the research. Experimenters should attempt to minimize these factors by keeping the environment as natural as possible, carefully following standardized procedures.
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Comment 18880997
/in Uncategorized /by developerComment1.
In medicine, Levels of evidence (LoE) are arranged in a ranking system used in evidence based practices to describe the strength of the results measured in a clinical trial or research study (Wikipedia, 2018). A method utilized in evidenced based medicine to determine the clinical value of a study (Moore, n.d.). In grading scheme, scientific evidence can range from level 1 that is the most scientifically valid; to level 5 that is the weakest form of evidence (Sharma, n.d)
Different levels of evidence is categorized as follows:
Level 1: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) is a study in which the patients are randomly assigned to the treatment or controlled group and are followed prospectively. It can also be in a form of Meta-analysis of randomized trials with homogenous results (Moore, n.d). Sharma (n.d) states that optic neuritis treatment trial study is a perfect example of this level of evidence.
Level 2: Lesser quality RCT is a prospective comparative study. It is a study in which patient groups are separated non-randomly by exposure or treatment, with exposure occurring after the initiation of the study (Moore, n.d). Example of this study according to Sharma (n.d) is a scatter laser photocoagulation for occult choroid neovascularization.
Level 3: Retrospective cohort study pertains to the study in which groups are separated by the current presence or absence of disease and examined for the prior exposure of interest. A perfect example of this level is thrombolytic therapy for acute retinal arterial occlusion (Sharma, n.d).
Level 4: Moore (n.d) states that a level 4 is a Case Series, which means a report of multiple patients with the same treatment, but no control groups or comparison group. Example is macular translocation surgery for the treatment of Chroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) (Sharma, n.d).
Level 5: Is a case report, or expert opinion, a mere personal observation. An interventional case reports can be classified as level 5 evidence, example is a removal of choroid neovascular membrane (Sharma, n.d).
Comment2
Meta-analyses –This is a high level of evidence due to the ability of meta-analyses being able to establish statistical significance across studies that may have had contradictory results. By evaluating multiple studies at one time this increases the statistical significance than with just one study alone. Practice changes in psychology can occur as a result of meta-analyses. The researcher looks over published studies, and then studies the results for trends.
Experimental studies and Quasi-experimental studies-These types of studies help to determine how effective certain nursing interventions are for patient outcomes. As a result this could lead to many practice changes in nursing.
Nonexperimental studies-Descriptive and correlational studies are sometimes referred to as nonexperimental and the reason being is that evaluating the study variables is observed naturally and not under any type of control set by the researcher.
Program Evaluations, RU studies, quality improvement projects, case report. In our textbook there is an example of a descriptive study design where women were studied with postpartum depression after having pregnancy complications. The purpose was to describe barriers to treatment, use on internet resources for assistance for postpartum and their inclination for Internet treatment for postpartum depression.
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