Purpose

This week’s graded topics relate to the following Course Outcomes (COs).

• CO 1 – Utilize prior knowledge of theories and principles of nursing and related disciplines to explain expected client behaviors, while differentiating between normal findings, variations, and abnormalities. (PO 1)
• CO 4 – Utilize effective communication when performing a health assessment. (PO 3)

The Assignment

A 10-year-old child named Elizabeth is brought into the emergency department by her mother. The mother appears anxious but sits quietly next to her daughter in the waiting room. When called into the triage area, the mother gives a history of coming home from work to find Elizabeth sitting on the couch watching television. Elizabeth did not go to the door to greet her or look toward her when she said hello. The mother thought the daughter’s behavior was odd because she always greeted her at the door with a hug. As she approached Elizabeth, she noticed that she was clutching her right arm as if in pain. The mother asked what was wrong, but Elizabeth remained silent. Then she said “Nothing is wrong.” The father is sleeping upstairs. The mother gives a family history of having an alcoholic husband who usually drinks himself to sleep. She said he has abused Elizabeth physically and psychologically in the past, and she brought her to the emergency room because she fears he has hurt her. When Elizabeth is asked about the abuse she appears scared, insecure, and withdrawn.

1. What considerations should be made by the nurse, to provide a physically and emotionally safe environment for the interview and assessment of this client who has experienced domestic abuse?
2. In your response, include some special considerations that should be taken when interviewing a child.

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

 

The 3 leadership styles I chose are: transformational, authentic, and team. 

3 pages 

Instructions attached and turnitin report needed as no plagiarism is allowed. 

Textbook attached

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

 

Case 3: Knee Pain

Photo Credit: University of Virginia. (n.d.). Normal Knee Anatomy [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/ext/7knee/01anatomy.html. Used with permission of University of Virginia.

A 15-year-old male reports dull pain in both knees. Sometimes one or both knees click, and the patient describes a catching sensation under the patella. In determining the causes of the knee pain, what additional history do you need? What categories can you use to differentiate knee pain? What are your specific differential diagnoses for knee pain? What physical examination will you perform? What anatomic structures are you assessing as part of the physical examination? What special maneuvers will you perform?

With regard to the case study you were assigned:

• Review this week’s Learning Resources, and consider the insights they provide about the case study.
• Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient in the case study you were assigned.
• Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. How would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
• Identify at least five possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient.

five references not more than 5 years

ZERO PLAGIARISM

PLEASE FOCUS ON MY CASE STUDY

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

  

To do a comment to each post below in APA style with citation, needs 2 credible reference from 2013 and above.

Post 1

Episodic/Focused SOAP Note 

Patient Information: Lily, 20-year-old, Female S. CC: “Sore throat” HPI: The patient is a 20-year-old female who developed a sore throat 3 days ago Location: Throat Onset: 3 days ago Character: sore Associated signs and symptoms: decreased appetite, headache and pain with swallowing Timing: Would ask Exacerbating/ relieving factors: Would ask Severity: Would ask Current Medications: Unknown Allergies: Unknown PMHx: Unknown Soc Hx: Student at the local college. Fam Hx: Unknown ROS: HEENT: Eyes: Ears, nose and throat: Negative for congestion. Positive for runny nose and sore throat, pain with swallowing. GASTROINTESTINAL: Positive for decreased appetite NEUROLOGICAL: Positive for headache O. HEENT: Eyes: Ears, nose and throat: Patient has runny nose, does not sound congested. Patient has slight hoarseness in voice. Diagnostic results: Full vital signs – to include temperature Through mouth and throat exam – specifically looking for puss or enlarged tonsils Rapid influenza test – One study tested 3782 subjects that presented with a fever greater than 38degrees Celsius and either a cough or sore throat. Of these subjects the influenza PCR tested positive 33% of the time and negative 67% of the time. This study showed that the influenza PCR is better at ruling out influenza (Anderson et al., 2018). Monospot test A. Differential Diagnoses Airway Reflux: Acid reflux and sometimes reach higher areas up into the throat. This can create a sore throat and typically leads to a hoarse voice (Adams, 2017). Other symptoms to address include a feeling of a lump in the throat and waking up at night gasping for air (Adams, 2017). Upper Respiratory Infection: Viral upper respiratory infections can create vocal cord inflammation which could be why Lily has a hoarse voice (Dains, Baumann & Scheibel, 2016, p. 9714). Pharyngitis: Bacterial infections can lead to a sore throat and a headache (Dains, Baumann & Scheibel, 2016, p. 9137). Epiglottitis: An infection with H influenza type B, typically presents with sore throat and pain while swallowing (Dains, Baumann & Scheibel, 2016, p. 14434). Mononucleosis: Typically presents with a gradual onset, mild sore throat, malaise and fatigue (Dains, Baumann & Scheibel, 2016, p. 14459). P. References Adams, J. U. (2017). Sore throat and hoarseness might not be just a cold. The Washington Post. Anderson, K. B., Simasathien, S., Watanaveeradej, V., Weg, A. L., Ellison, D. W., Suwanpakdee, D., & Jarman, R. G. (2018). Clinical and laboratory predictors of influenza infection among individuals with influenza-like illness presenting to an urban Thai hospital over a five-year period. Plos ONE, 13(3), 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193050 Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2016). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Post 2

Episodic/Focused SOAP Note Template

Patient Information:

J, 11, Male, XX (Race) 

S.

CC: “Mild ear ache”

HPI: The patient is 11 year old XX male who presented himself with a mild right ear ache, which started two days ago. Associated symptom include possible fever, right ear pain, difficulty hearing from the right ear. Associated symptom are exacerbated with sleep. 

Current Medications: Inquire if patient is currently taking any medications, rule out earring loss related to medication toxicity. 

Allergies: Inquire about allergies. 

PMH: Inquire if patient has a history of acute otitis media or underlying hearing loss. Inquire if patient has had tonsillectomy or an adenoidectomy in the past.
SH: Spends time in pool during summer. 

FH: Inquire if family members have history of hearing loss. 

ROS:

• GENERAL: Possible fever. Inquire      about patient’s swimming habits and ask if ear plugs used. Determine      method of cleaning ear. 
• HEENT: Right ear pain. Inquire if      patient has tinnitus, discharge from ear, vertigo, or itchiness. Inquire      if patient has a history of acute otitis media, hearing loss, vertigo,      tinnitus, discharge from ear canal.
• RESPIRATORY: Inquire if patient      has had post nasal discharge or sputum production and ask about color of      mucous. 
• ALLERGIES:  Unknown 

O.

Physical exam:

• HEENT— Assess outer ear and note      surrounding tissue, shape, color, and any lesions. Assess the external ear      for discharge or any odor. Assess for the placement of a foreign object in      ear. Assess for tenderness on the outer ear near the auricle and mastoid.      Tenderness could indicate a possible infection. Use otoscope to assess      external and middle ear. At this time, assess for erythema, lesions, and      discharge. Inspect tympanic membrane for perforations. Assess the frontal      and maxillary sinuses for swelling. No tenderness or swelling over the      soft tissue should be present. Assess tonsils and inside of mouth for      lesions, erythema, and swelling. 
• RESPIRATORY: Determine if upper      respiratory infection is present, assess for clear lungs. 

Diagnostic results: 

• Whispered Voice- Determines if      patient is able to hear whispering. If they do not pass this test, hearing      loss could be assumed. (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon, Stewart, et al.,      2015, p. 241). 
• Weber Test- Determines unilateral      hearing loss (Ball et al., 2015, p. 241). 
• Rinne Test- Determines if the      patient conducts sound better through bone or air. The patient should hear      the sound conducted through the air twice as long (Ball et al., 2015, p.      241)
• Culture of ear fluid (Attlmayr,      2015). 

Differential Diagnoses

• Otitis externa  
  • Often seen with individuals that       swim. This infection is located on the outer ear. Pain is worse when an       otoscope is inserted because sensitivity is on the outer ear. The outer       portion of the ear is often inlamted and tender to touch. When inspecting       the ear, the ear canal would appear narrow. Because of the narrowing,       fluid is unable to drain from the ear (Rosenfeld et al., 2014). 
• Otitis media 
  • Otitis media is a middle ear       infection that usually presents unilaterally, hearing loss is present,       and tympanic membrane is pink. Pus often forms inside the ear, which       could cause perforation of the tympanic membrane. Ear pain, fever,       difficulty hearing, irritability, and lethargy can also accompany this       diagnosis. While examining the ear with the otoscope, erythema, dullness,       decrease light reflex, and bulging of the tympanic membrane (Nash,       2013). 
• Eustachian catarrh  
  • Often results after an upper       respiratory infection. It would be essential to determine if the patient       has has a recent upper respiratory tract infection. Fluid collects in the       eustachian tube, which causes pain and trouble hearing (Nash,       2013). 
• Cholesteatoma  
  • The growth of a skin tag inside       the ear, behind the ear drum. The patient could be born with it or it can       develop after several ear infections. It would be essential to determine       if the patient has had frequent ear infections in the past (Chawla, Ezhil       Bosco, Lim, Shenoy, & Krishnan, 2015). 
• Mastoiditis 
  • Mastoiditis is a common       complication of acute otitis media. Pain, erythema, and tenderness are       typically present alone the mastoid process (Attlmayr, 2015). 

P.  NA

Reference

Attlmayr, B., Zaman, S., Scott, J., Derbyshire, S. G., Clarke, R. W., & De, S. (2015). 

Paediatric acute mastoiditis, then and   now: Is it more of a problem now?. The Journal 

Of Laryngology And Otology, 129(10), 955-959. doi:10.1017/S0022215115002078

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S.,   Stewart, R. W. (2015). Seidel’s guide to physical 

examination (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Chawla, A., Ezhil Bosco, J. I., Lim, T. C., Shenoy, J. N., & Krishnan, V. (2015). Computed tomography 

features of external auditory canal cholesteatoma: A pictorial review. Current Problems In 

Diagnostic Radiology, 44(6), 511-516. doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2015.05.001

Nash, L. (2013). A case study on prescribing for an acute ear infection in a child. Nurse Prescribing, 

11(4), 179-184.

Rosenfeld, R. M., Schwartz, S. R., Cannon, C. R., Roland, P. S., Simon, G. R., Kumar, K. A., & … 

Robertson, P. J. (2014). Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa. Otolaryngology-Head & 

Neck Surgery, 150S1-S24. doi:10.1177/0194599813517083

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

 CASE STUDY 3: Focused Ear Exam Martha brings her 11-year old grandson, James, to your clinic to have his right ear checked. He has complained to her about a mild earache for the past 2 days. His grandmother believes that he feels warm but did not verify this with a thermometer. James states that the pain was worse while he was falling asleep and that it was harder for him to hear. When you begin basic assessments, you notice that James has a prominent tan. When you ask him how he’s been spending his summer, James responds that he’s been spending a lot of time in the pool 

 

Nurses conducting assessments of the ears, nose, and throat must be able to identify the small differences between life-threatening conditions and benign ones. For instance, if a patient with a sore throat and a runny nose also has inflamed lymph nodes, the inflammation is probably due to the pathogen causing the sore throat rather than a case of throat cancer. With this knowledge and a sufficient patient health history, a nurse would not need to escalate the assessment to a biopsy or an MRI of the lymph nodes but would probably perform a simple strep test.

In this Case Study Assignment, you consider case studies of abnormal findings from patients in a clinical setting. You determine what history should be collected from the patients, what physical exams and diagnostic tests should be conducted, and formulate a differential diagnosis with several possible conditions.

To Prepare

• By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
• Also, your Case Study Assignment should be in the Episodic/Focused SOAP Note format rather than the traditional narrative style format. Refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text and the Episodic/Focused SOAP Template in the Week 5 Learning Resources for guidance. Remember that all Episodic/Focused SOAP Notes have specific data included in every patient case.

With regard to the case study you were assigned:

• Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the insights they provide.
• Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient.
• Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition. How would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
• Identify at least five possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient.

The Assignment

Use the Episodic/Focused SOAP Template and create an episodic/focused note about the patient in the case study to which you were assigned using the episodic/focused note template provided in the Week 5 resources. Provide evidence from the literature to support diagnostic tests that would be appropriate for each case. List five different possible conditions for the patient’s differential diagnosis and justify why you selected each.

5 references not more than 5 years

Zero plagiarism

 

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Chapter 11, “Head and Neck”

This chapter reviews the anatomy and physiology of the head and neck. The authors also describe the procedures for conducting a physical examination of the head and neck.
Chapter 12, “Eyes”

In this chapter, the authors describe the anatomy and function of the eyes. In addition, the authors explain the steps involved in conducting a physical examination of the eyes.
Chapter 13, “Ears, Nose, and Throat”

The authors of this chapter detail the proper procedures for conducting a physical exam of the ears, nose, and throat. The chapter also provides pictures and descriptions of common abnormalities in the ears, nose, and throat.

Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2019). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
Credit Line: Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care, 6th Edition by Dains, J.E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. Copyright 2019 by Mosby. Reprinted by permission of Mosby via the Copyright Clearance Center. 

PLEASE PAY ATTENTION TO MY CASE STUDY AT THE TOP

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"