Answer This Question About The Discussion Attached

 The professor wrote this

Do you think the utilization of a pilot study was appropriately utilizes? Why and Why not, support your answer.  

 
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Answer To Comments 150 Words With 1 Citation And Reference 2013 To 2015

 
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Answer To Discussion 8

Please answer to this discussion post with a minimum of 200 words, cited, APA style. 

________________________________________________________________________________________

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force is an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention who Health Screenings are examinations and tests to look for a disease before patients develop any symptoms. It is important because from a medical perspective prevention is better than cure. It is also often easier to treat or indeed cure a condition in its early stages systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services.  The purpose of screening individuals or populations is to reduce the risk of death or future ill health from a specific condition by offering a test intended to help identify people who could benefit from treatment.  Long and Colorectal cancer screening are tow among others recommendations from US preventing task force.

Lung Cancer (both small cell and non-small cell) is the second most common cancer in both men and women. The American Cancer Society’s estimates for lung cancer in the United States for 2019 are: About 228,150 new cases of lung cancer (116,440 in men and 111,710 in women) About 142,670 deaths from lung cancer (76,650 in men and 66,020 in women). (Society, 2019)

Summary of Recommendation and Evidence for lung Cancer 

Population: Adults Aged 55-80, with a History of Smoking. The USPSTF recommends annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in adults aged 55 to 80 years who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. Screening should be discontinued once a person has not smoked for 15 years or develops a health problem that substantially limits life expectancy or the ability or willingness to have curative lung surgery. The USPSTF updated its definition of and suggestions for practice for the grades A, B, C, D, and I. Lung Cancer Category B. It means that the screening is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.

On the other hand, Colorectal Cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the United States. Excluding skin cancers, it is the third most common cancer in both men and women in the U.S.

Population: 

Adults aged 50 to 75 years. The USPSTF recommends screening for colorectal cancer starting at age 50 years and continuing until age 75 years. The risks and benefits of different screening methods vary. Starting with a simple FBOT or FIT test at the office or sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and colonoscopy every 10 years. The recommendation for this group is category A (The USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial). 

Adults aged 76 to 85 years. The decision to screen for colorectal cancer in adults aged 76 to 85 years should be an individual one, taking into account the patient’s overall health and prior screening history. Adults in this age group who have never been screened for colorectal cancer are more likely to benefit. Screening would be most appropriate among adults who 1) are healthy enough to undergo treatment if colorectal cancer is detected and 2) do not have comorbid conditions that would significantly limit their life expectancy. The recommendation for this group is category C (The USPSTF recommends selectively offering or providing this service to individual patients based on professional judgment and patient preferences. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small). (Force, 2014)

References

Force, T. U. (2014, June 12). Recommendations for Primary Care Practice. Retrieved from The U.S. Preventice Services Task Force : https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Name/recommendations

Society, A. C. (2019, May 17). Cancer Facts and Statistics. Retrieved from American Cancer Society: https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics.html

 
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Answer To Two Peer For Discussion 1

Please answer this two post. APA FORMAT. do 100 to 150 world in each answer.

Suselle

 

As the population continues to grow in the USA it is becoming clear that In the near future there will be a shortage of primary care physician access or primary care physicians that will be overloaded with patients sacrificing patient centered care and possibly leading to less than favorable patient satisfaction. The next years the population in the USA is increasing and so is the number of elders. “In 2050, the population aged 65 and over is projected to be 83.7 million, almost double its estimated population of 43.1 million in 2012. The baby boomers are largely responsible for this increase in the older population, as they began turning 65 in 2011. “(Hogan, Ortman, Velkoff, 2014)

Due to the increase in aging population and lac of primary care physicians in the work force there might be a very big disparity in access to healthcare across the population. Nurse practitioners can fill this void if our practice can be standardized accross the nation and if NPs can be given more authority to attend to communities which are lacking in healthcare access and primary care. Randomized studies that compared patient services from NPs and GPs found that nurse practitioner spent more time with patients, billed more effectively and had patients follow up with more visits when necessary. Patients also reported higher satisfaction with nurse practitioner and outcomes were in par with GPs. There is no doubt that NPs will be able to fill this role in the coming future. Nurse practitioners can work together with GPs to soften their work load and work in an interdisciplinary setting to provide efficient and compassionate care to each individual. As nurse practitioners we should always work with the safety of each patient in mind and prepare ourselves to become the best practitioners we can be. (Durie, Roland, Roberts, Leese,Venning 2000).

 

Reference

Ortman, J. M., Velkoff, V. A., & Hogan, H. (2014). An aging nation: the older population in the United States (pp. 25-1140). United States Census Bureau, Economics and Statistics Administration, US Department of Commerce.

Sanny

 

Nurse practitioners (NP) play one of the most important in the health care system, this is based on the fact that they manage patients overall care; precisely they are entitled to prescrib treatment and medication. Furthermore, they also interpret and order diagnostic tests. Nurse practitioners can be highly considered when looking for primary care providers, this is because Nurses practitioners are found to be providing important health care education and meeting all the medical needs in a health care center. For Nurses practitioners to be strong in an organization, first they must have a higher and greater level of compassion, analytical skills, and self-confidence as some of their top most quality. The ability to properly communication can also be termed as one of the most valuable qualities of NP. (Sangster-Gormley, 2013) With such qualities being in place, institutions will find it easy to fix the gap with NP at the time when there is shortage in primary health care providers. 

Nurse practitioners are very important in an organization, how to improve the understanding of the NP roles really matters a lot. First, institutions and other companies must understand that NP is the one who is responsible for reducing the entire patient’s visits across all the healthcare settings. Therefore, when there is a shortage of primary care providers, insurances and other companies should learn to deploy the great use of NP so that the patients can be kept out of the hospitals, bearing in mind that NP is the primary care provider’s profession that is growing rapidly. (Sangster-Gormley, 2013)

References

Sangster-Gormley, E. (2013). How case-study research can help to explain implementation of the nurse practitioner role. Nurse Researcher20(4).

 
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Answer To Two People Apa Format With A 100 World Each Answer

Karel,

 

Practice

For effectivecare in end of life management, nurses or APRN need to operate within a standard platform when practisingprimary palliative care. This is also evident in a study by Ramanayake, Dilanka, and Premasiri, which reveals that establishing palliative care models, and encouraging doctors and nurses to learn informative palliative care principles through improved skills and opportunities need to possible in order to address the future challenges (Ramanayake, Dilanka, & Premasiri, 2016). Therefore, nurses or APRN need to have a standard knowledge on how best to conduct primary palliative care in order toensure effectivecare in end of life management. This is vital in establishing discipline and professional when practisingprimary palliative care to the patient that isin pain and face near death situations. 

Education

Integration of primary palliative care into curricula in medical institutions and schools of nursing is essential in providing effective care in end of life management for APRN. By achieving this, nurses and practitioners are able to understand the scope of palliative care as well as the disease and its implications. Therefore, education through the integrationof primary palliative care into curriculaenables APRN to communicate effectivelyand professionally without compromising the integrity of their work. According to a studyby Zimmerman, “effective communication is the cornerstone of palliative care,”(Zimmerman, 2015). This means that by training nurses and practitioners on how to communicate effectively through the integrationof primary palliative care into curricula, they are able to understand the standard way of helping their patientswithout incurring any legal consequences. Practitioners and nurses need to understand the principles and knowledge required to successfully manage end of life care. 

Research

In order to understand whether the standard practices and education approached used in primary palliative care are effective, nurses or APRN need to research and gather more evidence across all dimension of end-of-lifecare. Based on a studybyVisser, Hadley, and Wee, it is argued that starting a treatment simply on the basis of agreement among colleagues is no longer an acceptable practice(Visser, Hadley, & Wee, 2015). There is a needfor more evidence-based care in different angles of the endof life care to make an informed decision. This means that doctors, nurses or APRN need to sure that there hasbeen actual evidence that the primary palliative care practice actually works before engaging in it. This makes primary palliative care much safer; while at the same time provide effectivecare in end of life management across different dimensions. 

Administration

Establishing a work environment where excellent standard care is extended through the patient’s death and into post-death care for families not only demonstrates compassion by the APRN or nursesbut also demonstrates respect to the patient and his or her families during and after death. A study by Parris and Halereveals that the exact role of physician or nurses during and after the death of a patientis not clearly defined in primary palliative care (Parris & Hale, 2017). Therefore, APRN needsto ensure that there is a standard guideline on how to handle patient’s death and post-death process, understand the basics of logistics after a patient has died, how to support their grieving families and the bestway to avoid adverse events in the care of the deceased. 

References

Parris, J., & Hale, A. (2017). Death and Dignity: Exploring Physicians’ Responsibilities After a Patient’s Death. Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, 1- 4. Retrieved from https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(17)30483-7/pdf

Ramanayake, R. P., Dilanka, G. V., & Premasiri, L. W. (2016, April). Palliative care; role of family physicians. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5084539/

Visser, C., Hadley, G., & Wee, B. (2015, September). Reality of evidence-based practice in palliative care. Retrieved from National Center for Biotechnology Information: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4607825/

Zimmerman, C. T. (2015, July 27). The Importance of Palliative Medical Education in Fellowship. Retrieved from Amrican Society of Clinical Oncology: https://connection.asco.org/magazine/career/importance-palliative-medical-education-fellowship

Dianelys,

 

Palliative care is the ability to improve efficiency, coordination, and quality of healthcare outcomes for patients and their families (Payne et al., 2017). Patients can use their skills to manage and recognize symptoms. Nurses are required to have skills and knowledge to manage pain as well as other symptoms associated with terminal diseases. APRNs, therefore, work with patients and the patient’s family in end-of-life and palliative care decision making.

Specialist education and certification is essential to APRNs as it ensures that they have skills. One of the barriers to quality palliative care is lack of workforce (Meier, 2011). Certifications and education will ensure that there is adequate workforce to meet the needs of patients. Therefore, when a nurse gets education and certification, they will likely use palliative care to patients with terminal illness and who are at the end of their lives.

Evidence-based care involves use of scientific research as means of delivering patient care. The use of evidence-based care allows an APRN to care that is specific to a certain patient and as a result improving the outcome of health services (Duke University Medical Center, n.d.). This because it allows integration of a patient’s values and beliefs into the health care delivery. Therefore, given that it combines clinical expertise, best research evidence, and patient values and preferences, the best or optimal clinical outcomes are achieved (Duke University Medical Center, n.d.).

Promoting work environments where by standards for excellent care is adhered to is important in providing end-of-life care. Healthcare facilities have the capability of creating and enforcing policies that enhance palliative care among the workforce. This involves ensuring that from the time a patient is received in a facility to the moment he or she dies, there is accessible palliative care. Health care facilities can always insist on optimal care for patients with serious illness. This will help nurses to be aware that they always need to provide optimal care for patients at the end-of-life. Nurses can continue with caring for the family members even after death. This can include honoring cultural and religious requirements or wishes of the dead and his/her family (Henry & Wilson, 2012).

References

Duke University Medical Center. (n.d.). LibGuides: Introduction to Evidence-Based Practice : Overview. Retrieved from https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/c.php?g=158201&p=1036021

Henry, C., & Wilson, J. (2012, May 8). Personal care at the end of life and after death. Retrieved from https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/end-of-life-and-palliative-care/personal-care-at-the-end-of-life-and-after-death/5044559.article

Meier, D. E. (2011). Increased Access to Palliative Care and Hospice Services: Opportunities to Improve Value in Health Care. Milbank Quarterly89(3), 343-380. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00632.x

Payne, S., Eastham, R., Hughes, S., Varey, S., Hasselaar, J., & Preston, N. (2017). Enhancing integrated palliative care: what models are appropriate? A cross-case analysis. BMC Palliative Care16(1). doi:10.1186/s12904-017-0250-8

 
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Answer With No Less Than 250 Words Use Apa Form

As you reflect on Meilaender’s readings, what is his distinction between procreation and reproduction, as well as that of being begotten versus being made? Do you agree with his description? Why or why 

 
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Antibiotic Therapy

Discuss the use of antibiotic therapy when treating ear and throat pain in both children and adults. What is considered standard of care?  Include professional guidelines and recommendations. 

Your writing Assignment should:follow the conventions of Standard English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; anduse APA 6th Edition format as outlined in the APA Progression Ladder.

 
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Antibiotic Useoveruse Discussion

This is for a discussion post 

Please provided at least two references in APA format 

Antibiotic overuse is another issue that is of concern in our health care system. Improper outpatient use leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance.  Reasons for overuse are things like: the patient expects to get an antibiotic when they visit a provider; patient satisfaction scores, diagnostic uncertainty, and of course, time pressures on the providers. So, an antibiotic is prescribed “just in case.”

For this week’s discussion, find one peer reviewed journal article discussing antibiotic overuse in the healthcare system. Address all questions below in your initial response. You still must meet the minimum number of required references per the discussion rubric. The peer reviewed journal article stated above just has to be ONE of your references (and the main reference)  for the initial posting.

1. Summarize the main points of the article for your peers.

2. Provide the link to the article for your peers.

3. Relate the findings of the article to your area of nursing practice. Could the recommendations in the article be applied to your area of nursing practice? Why or why not?

4. What is  your role as the nurse in the dilemma of antibiotic overuse? How can you make a difference?

 
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Antimicrobial Agents 18919363

  

Antimicrobial agents are essential components in the treatment of various bacterial infections as they help to kill or prevent the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Prior to the discovery of antimicrobial agents, treatment options for patients with bacterial infections were limited. For many patients, treatment often resulted in the amputation of limbs or even death. Today, treatment options for bacterial infections typically have a more positive prognosis. Due to the various types of infections presented in patients, it is essential to be able to identify the underlying cause of the infection—whether bacterial or viral—before recommending drug treatments. This will help you identify whether or not an antimicrobial agent would be appropriate and which specific agent would target the infection. In this Assignment, you consider the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents for infections.

To prepare:

  • – Review this week’s media presentation      on principles of antimicrobial therapy, as well as Chapter 8 of the      Arcangelo and Peterson text.
  • – Consider the categories of      antimicrobial agents.
  • – Think about differences between viral      and bacterial infections.
  • – Reflect on why proper identification      of the infection is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

POST a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:

  • – Describe the categories of      antimicrobial agents.
  • – Describe differences between viral      and bacterial infections.
  • – Explain why proper identification of      viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper      antimicrobial agent.

This work should have Introduction and conclusion

– This work should have at 4 to 6 current references (Year 2012 and up)

– Use at least 3 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 8, “Principles of      Antimicrobial Therapy” (pp. 111-134)
         This chapter covers factors that impact the selection of an antimicrobial      treatment regimen. It also examines the clinical uses, adverse events, and      drug interactions of various antimicrobial agents such as penicillin.
  • Chapter 12, “Fungal Infections      of the Skin” (pp. 163-196)
         This chapter explores the pathophysiology of several fungal infections of      the skin as well as related drug treatments and examines the importance of      patient education when managing these infections.
  • Chapter 14, “Bacterial      Infections of the Skin” (pp. 181-196)
         This chapter begins by examining causes of bacterial infections. It then      explores the importance of selecting an appropriate agent for treating      bacterial infections.
  • Chapter 32, “Urinary Tract      Infection” (pp. 519-526)
         This chapter covers drugs used to treat urinary tract infections and      identifies special considerations when treating geriatric patients,      pediatric patients, and women.
  • Chapter 35, “Sexually      Transmitted Infections” (pp. 512-535)
         This chapter outlines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of      six sexually transmitted infections, including gonorrhea, syphilis, and      human papilloma virus infection (HPV). It also examines the importance of      selecting the proper agent and monitoring patient response to treatment.
  • Chapter 49, “Human Immunodeficiency Virus” (pp.      843-860)
         This chapter presents the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria,      and prevention methods for HIV. It also covers various methods of drug      treatment and patient factors to consider when selecting, administering,      and managing drug treatments.

Krummenacher, I., Cavassini, M., Bugnon, O., & Schneider, M. (2011). An interdisciplinary HIV-adherence program combining motivational interviewing and electronic antiretroviral drug monitoring. AIDS Care, 23(5), 550–561.

This article analyzes medication adherence in HIV patients and examines factors that increase adherence as well as factors that contribute to termination or discontinuation of treatment.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Scourfield, A., Waters, L., & Nelson, M. (2011). Drug combinations for HIV: What’s new? Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 9(11), 1001–1011.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines current therapies and strategies for treating HIV patients. It also examines factors that impact selection of therapy, including drug interactions, personalization of therapy, costs, management of comorbidities, and patient response.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Antimicrobials. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation outlines principles of antimicrobial therapy 

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 7 minutes.

Mayer, K. H., & Krakower, D. (2012). Antiretroviral medication and HIV prevention: New steps forward and New Questions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(4), 312–314.

 
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Antioxidant Nutrients And Nutrition And Bone Health

 

According to the CDC, more than half of all Americans consumed a supplement in 2012.  Supplements are common in our culture, and many people think they need to consume a supplement to be healthy.  Are supplements safe?  In this forum, we will investigate vitamin and mineral supplements.  

Initial Post: 

Using your favorite search engine, find a vitamin and mineral supplement and evaluate it. In your initial forum post, discuss the following:

  • What is the cost of these supplements?
  • How do the amounts of vitamins and minerals in the product compare with the DRIs, AI, and UL?
  • Are the levels of nutrients safe?
  • What compounds are included that are not essential nutrients?
  • What disclaimers or warnings are made about the product? Does the manufacturer provide scientific evidence to back up their claim? 
  • How likely is the supplement to improve a person’s health?
 
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