1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19074175

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1-Qualitative and quantitative methods both are unique with each-other and have both advantages and disadvantages, mostly quantitative data includes closed-end information and deals with statistical analysis and results are usually in numbers. Quantitative data is mostly subjective and are open ended (Grove, Gary, & Burns, 2015).

     It is believed by many researchers that combined use of both qualitative and quantitative methods in study increases reliability and outcomes of research. Combined use of these methods allows the use of varieties of approaches that answers the research questions which would not have been possible using single method (Doyle, Brady, & Byrne, 2009)

    The term that describes use of both methods is known as mixed method s research or third method and is believed to have huge benefit for health and science researches. The advantages of this type of research are the results or outcomes of the research may include both statistical analysis and observational evidence and support for the finding, researches can use both words and numbers to communicate. The disadvantages of this methods are they usually are time consuming as they involve tools of both method, they require more resources to collect both types of data (Grove, Gary, & Burns, 2015).

References:

Doyle, L., Brady, A.-M., & Byrne, G. (2009). An overview of mixed methods research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 14(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987108093962

Grove, S. K., Gray, J., & Burns, N. (2015). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier

 

 
 

2-According to Lancaster University management school, advantages of qualitative research is that the researcher can usually insert and in depth and rich description of the study. This makes it good for research where in detailed understanding is required leading to a more holistic view of the subject. However, the study cannot always be generalizable because either the sample population is too small, or the research topic is to subjective therefore careful consideration needs to be done in these two fronts. Also, it is not always easy to interpret the study due to its descriptive nature therefore the researcher need to take great care in identifying themes and carefully mold the conclusion.

The advantages of quantitative method of research is that the larger sample sizes available for these types of studies often make the conclusions generalizable to the target population. This type of research is appropriate for situations where systematic, standardized comparisons are needed. Therefore statistical methods mean that the analysis is often considered reliable.

The disadvantages are it does not always shed light on the full complexity of human experience or perceptions therefore the research may not feel holistic. This might also give a false impression of homogeneity in a sample (2016).

Reference

Lancaster University Management School (2016, June 28). Lums Effective Learning. Retrieved from  Qualitative and quantitative research: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster.university/content-assets/documents/learning-skills/quantitativevquanlitativeresearchanswers.pdf

 

 
 

      3-   Chanthakone, to further support the use of both methods, Wisdom and Creswell states,  Comparing samples through collecting both types of data at roughly the same time; assessing information using parallel constructs for both types of data; separately analyzing both types of data; and comparing results through procedures such as a side-by-side comparison in a discussion, transforming the qualitative data set into quantitative scores, or jointly displaying both forms of data can validate findings. An example presented is, the investigator can gather qualitative data to assess the personal experiences of patients while also gathering data from survey instruments measuring the quality of care. The two types of data can provide validation for each other and also create a solid foundation for drawing conclusions about the intervention.

Reference

Wisdom, J., & Creswell, J. (2013). Mixed Methods: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis While Studying Patient-Centered Medical Home Models. Retrieved from https://pcmh.ahrq.gov/page/mixed-methods-integrating-quantitative-and-qualitative-data-collection-and-analysis-while

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19078595

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1-  I can totally see where there would be tension between these two, especially in today’s world.  I am no expert on religion or science for that matter, but I do feel like some of the tension is unnecessary.  I feel that the two can work to benefit our patients by balancing them with the needs of the patient.  Let’s take my kids for instance, if they were sick with some known treatable disease there would be no other option in my mind to treat them with science and medicine that has been proven to work.  I wouldn’t only pray for them to get better and not do anything about it, but I would pray for them and do whatever was necessary to help my family deal with the stress and worry of a child being sick.  Here we have used them both to our benefit and they each serve a different purpose and effectiveness.  Thanks again for your post! 

 
 

2-My perception of the tension between science and religion is founded at first glance and then not when looked at more closely.  Science and religion can coincide in health care if respected for their own strengths and limitations.  I feel that a healthy balance of both can benefit our patients providing different needs when they’re needed.  I have seen with my own eyes CRP markers drop in an infant receiving antibiotic treatment and I have also seen an infant that wasn’t supposed to live by scientific probability actually make it and thrive with prayer being the only obvious intervention.  So, trying to single out one over the other as more effective than the other seems less beneficial than trying to work them both in when the patient requires such help.

I feel that science is good for some of the more usual cases and things we feel we can help with its information, and I also feel that we can use religion to help a patient with their mental aspects of  healing.  We can quantify an improvement in a patient through lab levels and such, but it’s hard to do the same with religion and how a patient uses that tool as comfort or however they use it in their lives.  “Some observational studies suggest that people who have regular spiritual practices tend to live longer. Another study points to a possible mechanism: interleukin (IL)-6. Increased levels of IL-6 are associated with an increased incidence of disease. A research study involving 1700 older adults showed that those who attended church were half as likely to have elevated levels of IL-6. The authors hypothesized that religious commitment may improve stress control by offering better coping mechanisms, richer social support, and the strength of personal values and worldview” (NCBI, 2001).  In this example we see the benefits were surveyed to be founded, but the exact workings aren’t exactly known.  The great thing about science is that usually we have some tangible results that are repeatable and there’s safety to be found in that.  The great thing about religion is that we can have faith in whatever we believe in and that’s all that’s needed.  It’s our faith and belief that drives the comfort in religion.

I understand how people will want one to win over the other and I feel that it depends on the person and how they view it.  I feel that there doesn’t need to be this tension because they both can serve separately but benefit the patient when both are utilized.  If you have multiple tools in the box, why not use a variety of them and pick whichever is most appropriate for the task at hand?  Each tool has their own specialty and doesn’t mean one has to be better than the other or tension between the two, they just need to work for the purpose they’re intended. 

Reference

Puchalski, C. 2001.  The role of spirituality in health care.  Retrieved from:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305900/

 

 
 

3-I was able to develop a greater understanding of the tension between science and religion based on the article, the role of spirituality in health care and the lecture notes this week. I have always believed in God and often pray in silence for my patients or families in the Peds ED. Many times, it will be for something as small as obtaining an IV on a patient that has been deemed a “hard stick.” However, what I refrain from doing is addressing my patients’ spiritual beliefs throughout their stay. My thoughts include “what if they don’t believe?”, “will they be offended?”  Today there is often tension in any conversation. Politics, healthcare, beliefs in God, what to post on your social media account, etc.. Everyone has an opinion but verbalizing that opinion can cause tension with your closest family member. Specific to healthcare in the West, scientism and relativism has exacerbated the perceived tension between scientism and religion (“Worldview Foundations of Spirituality and Ethics”, 2018) . If we base all healthcare beliefs off scientism and relativism, there is no room for hope or belief that God (or the patient’s higher power) has any room for preforming a miracle or comforting the patient in their time of need. As Puchalski (2001) said, “Healing can be experienced as acceptance and peace with one’s life. This healing, I believe is at its core spiritual.” Patients need to understand the science and reality behind any diagnosis, whether acute or chronic. However, they need the opportunity to heal as a whole person which includes their spirituality. “It is critical that we as physicians and health care providers listen to all aspects of our patients’ lives that can affect their decision making and their coping skills” (Puchalski, 2001).  

I believe that it is important to have a balance between science and religion without the tension. One were our patients can express their spirituality and we can be honest with our professional knowledge and offer our presence and compassion at the same time.  

Reference:  

Puchalski C. M. (2001). The role of spirituality in health care. Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) , 14 (4), 352-7.  

Worldview Foundations of Spirituality and Ethics. (2018). Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?viewPage=current&operation=innerPage&currentTopicname=Worldview Foundations of Spirituality and Ethics&topicMaterialId =a52bac38-a38a-4edc-8747-efe8f3c85261&contentId=6775b54b-52b8-4bb1-b4de-a5bd34e39a90&

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19096795

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1-Principalism, also known as the four-principal approach for ethical decision-making, focuses on the common ground moral principles.  I would rank the importance of these four principles as the following:

  1. Nonmaleficence      − A principle requiring that people not cause harm to others. Harm and its      effects are considerations and part of the ethical decision-making      process.
  2. Beneficence      − A group of principles requiring that people prevent harm, provide      benefits, and balance benefits against risks and costs. A nurse’s actions      should promote good and do what is best for their patient.
  3. Respect      for autonomy − A principle that requires respect for the decision making      capacities of autonomous persons. Acknowledges a person’s right to take      actions based on their values and beliefs.
  4. Justice      − A group of principles requiring fair distribution of benefits, risks and      costs. To treat others equally.

The Christian Narrative consists of four parts: creation, fall, redemption, and restoration. Regardless of the religion you choose to follow, there is nothing that exists that does not have God as its creator. (GCU, 2015)

I believe the four principles would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative as:

  1. Respect      for autonomy
  2. Beneficence
  3. Nonmaleficence
  4. Justice

References:

Lecture 3 Notes. GCU. 2015

Principles of medical ethics. Retrieved from (2018): https://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Ethics.html

 

2-You’ve defined utilitarianism correctly as the view that leads us to act in ways that produce the best outcome for the most people.  But, as I read your last statement, it may sound as though the actions that we should really allow ourselves to pursue are those that provide the best outcome for our own happiness.  Opposite of utilitarianism, we call this Ethical Egoism, meaning that we make ethical decisions based on how the outcome affects us individually.  I don’t mean to imply that you intended that contradiction.  I simply think its worth noting that although we want the best for all, we often find that we want the best outcome for ourselves first.  Even the best intentions are often driven by the pursuit of own good.

How would you advise another nurse who is faced with a decision that he/she believed would produce the most good for the most people but, with closer reflection, it is apparent that it would serve their own good more, or at least before others?

Dr. Smartt

 

 
 

3-The principle of Justice in health care is usually defined as a form of fairness, or as Aristotle once said, “giving to each that which is his due.” It is generally held that persons who are equals should qualify for equal treatment. This is borne out in the application of Medicare, which is available to all persons over the age of 65 years. This category of persons is equal with respect to this one factor, their age, but the criteria chosen says nothing about need or other noteworthy factors about the persons in this category.

                                                                              Reference:

Grand Canyon University.  (2015).  Lecture 3 PHI 413V.  Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?currentTopicname=&viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=a788df13-3e3d-4f98-83d7-029c35f3f96c&contentId=7c6bddaa-839a-46a4-b020-48f1f8451ce9&

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19104589

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1-, thank you for reading and replying to my post.

Knowing what I know now , something that would have helped me prepared for my first fetal demise was to be prepared with the words to say.  The first time I experience my first fetal demise I froze, I did not know what to say and I had no idea if it was acceptable to cry.  I remember crying and trying to hide my tears from the doctors, nurses and family members.  Now, I know that it is ok to cry and to show your true emotions with your patients.  After, the birth of the dead fetus the parents cried and I cried with them.  I was there to comfort and support them but I froze with words.  I was not prepared and had no idea what proper words to say.  I learned that “it is ok to say I am sorry for your loss.  I cannot imagine what you are feeling right now, but I am here for you”. 

I do have a couple of tips to share with orientees to prepare them for this type of event.  First, I will tell them that in this situation it is ok to cry and show their emotions.  But to do it in a professional manner.  Also, to encourage parents to hold their babies this helps them to cope and grieve.  Another tip: To always, refer to the baby by their name.  If you do not have the answers to the patients questions, find them.  Don’t ignore them.  Patient’s sometimes do not want to hold or look at their baby.  Do not to send the babies body to the morgue right away but wait as long as possible.  I had a patient that did not want to see or hold her baby after delivery, but she changed her mind 3 hours after.  The morgue had already picked up the baby and I could not grant this patients wish to see and hold her baby.   

 

 
 

2-Bonnie, thank you for reading and responding to my post.  Yes, I do catch myself wondering about where the baby is and how is she doing.  She is about 6 years old now, and I can still see her beautiful little face.  She was a healthy full term baby with a full head of hair.  Every time I talk about this I remember that it was one of the hardest moment I have endured in my career.  It still haunts me from time to time. I had just finished my four month training as a labor and delivery nurse two months prior to the incident. I was fairly new and so inexperienced. Even though the patient was not assigned to me I was there helping.  In, our unit we all work together especially when we have an emergency.  I remember taking care of the baby while they rushed the patient to the OR and then to ICU.  Even, though I know we did everything in our power to save the patient, it is still hard to endure the fact that the baby was left without her mom.

 

 
 

3-All end-of-life choices and medical decisions have complex psychosocial components, ramifications, and consequences that have a significant impact on suffering and the quality of living and dying. However, the medical end-of-life decisions are often the most challenging for terminally ill people and those who care about them. Each of these decisions should ideally be considered in terms of the relief of suffering and the values and beliefs of the dying individual and his or her family. In addition, any system of medical care has its own primary values that may or may not coincide with the values of the person.

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19112003

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1-My definition of spiritual care is being there for someone. An ear for someone to speak to. Sometimes it’s not what you say, it’s about you being there, supporting someone. Other times it might mean to offer some advice or support if they are struggling with something. My idea of spiritual care is similar to the description in chapter 14 Called to Care: A Christian Worldview for Nursing. In this chapter, spiritual care is stated as, “Sometimes spiritual care means simply being present, praying, sharing from Scripture, offering a word of witness and encouragement or participating in a healing service. At other times it may include arranging referrals, planning   creative strategies for follow-up care in the home or helping a person become connected to a Christian community.” Depending on how spiritual the individual is or how appropriate the situation is, a short prayer might help someone a great deal. There might be times when you might have to get more involved in their care if needed.

Reference:

Shelly, J.A., & Miller, A.B. (2006). Called to care: A Christian worldview for nursing (2nd ed.). Downers Grove,IL: IVP Academic.

2-I think that as long as I am not harming anyone in the process of accommodating these spiritual needs than there isn’t much I can think of that I would not be willing to do. 

Also, if it would result in me losing my job than I probably wouldn’t do it. I say that because I’m pretty sure I’ve done things that are not allowed or that I could technically lose my job for when accomodating someone’s needs. Examples include sneaking someone’s dog in the building before they went into a high risk surgery and going on a walk outside with someone so they could smoke a cigarette and calm down before the police arrived to take her report on an assault. 

If I had lost my job for either of those things than it would 100% have been worth it. 

 

 
 

3-This course and the discussion of spirituality and religion and how it influences our health has really had me thinking about how we spend our day. In the ER, things are a little different than on the floor as far as the time we get to spend with our patients due to quick turnover. However, the case remains the same. Sometimes all that our patients need is someone to talk to and listen to them. Occasionally we become so task oriented because we have so much to do, but slowing down and allowing our patients to feel our presence, feel comforted and not rushed can make all of the difference in how they perceive their care.  

 

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19118733

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1-Ischemic ulcer or arterial ulcer occurs when the artery is blocked (Anthony, 2018). Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the tissue and If this artery is blocked, then the supply of oxygen and nutrients to that body part or tissue will be deprived. Finally, this tissue dies and develop to an ulcer. Some potential causes of the arterial ulcer are diabetes, smoking and atherosclerosis whereas venous ulcer is caused by damage to the vein and when a vein is damaged there is deficiency blood flow to the heart and this can result in accumulation of blood in one body part and results in fluid shift to cause edema (Caprini, Partsch, & Simman, 2013). Then this edema halts circulation and eventually the tissue dies to cause an ulcer. Some potential causes are varicose veins, DVT.

Another difference is based on their symptoms. Arterial ulcer has a symptom of pain at night, feeling cold to touch due to poor circulation, deep wound where, as venous ulcer has a sign of swelling, aching or flaking sensation on the body part. Most of the time both tend to affect the extremity but are not restricted to any part of the body (Anthony, 2018).

Reference

Caprini, J. A., Partsch, H., & Simman, R. (2013). Venous Ulcers. The journal of the American College of Clinical Wound Specialists, 4(3), 54-60. Doi: 10.1016/j.jccw.2013.11.001

Anthony K. (2018) Arterial and Venous Ulcers: What’s the Difference? Retrieved [online] from: https://www.healthline.com/health/arterial-vs-venous-ulcers

 
 

2-Ms. G. will definitely need outpatient wound care. For healthy people wounds will heal relatively quickly with treatment. Ms. G. has many risk factors to delay the healing process as previously noted with her obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes and poor nutrition. I worked as a homecare nurse for about 5 years and did a lot of wound care and teaching during those years. I worked with a physical therapist who was also certified in wound care. He would provide consultations and recommendations for treatment. These wounds can take weeks to months sometimes to heal or become chronic in nature. Ms. G. would likely need aquacel on the wound base to help debride the wound and absorb the drainage. These dressings don’t need to be changed daily which is nice. We still see people coming out of the hospital with daily dressings or BID dressings and we usually can change that around pretty quickly. I am now in Hospice care and so the goals of care are comfort, but we still care for the wounds even though they aren’t likely to heal for most of our patients.

 
 

3-There are various differences between venous and arterial ulcers. Venous ulcers can vary in size, they are generally irregularly shaped, shallow, and seen on lower extremities. Some risk factors for venous ulcers are lack of mobility, malnutrition, heart failure, and obesity. Arterial ulcers have smoother edges. The skin around them tends to be pale and shiny. They have less drainage than venous ulcers. Some risk factors for arterial ulcers are uncontrolled diabetes, poor footwear, vascular insufficiency, and foot structure defects (London Health Sciences Centre, 2018). The area surrounding arterial ulcers is generally cool in temperature. Treatment for both ulcers includes restoring blood flow and oxygenation to the affected area. For arterial ulcers this sometimes requires angioplasty. In order to promote healing, arterial ulcers should be kept clean and dry. For treatment of venous ulcers, dressing changes and compression would likely be indicated (Anthony, 2018).

References:

Anthony, K. (2018, February). Arterial and venous ulcers: What’s the difference? Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/arterial-vs-venous-ulcers#causes

London Health Sciences Centre. (2018). Venous stasis & arterial ulcer comparison. Retrieved from https://www.lhsc.on.ca/wound-care-management/venous-stasis-arterial-ulcer-comparison

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19127571

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1-Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps, and tanning booths. It causes early aging of the skin that can lead to skin cancer. People of all ages and skin tones should limit the amount of time they spend in the sun, especially between mid-morning and late afternoon, and avoid other sources of UV radiation, such as tanning beds. It is important to keep in mind that UV radiation is reflected by sand, water, snow, and ice and can go through windshields and windows. Even though skin cancer is more common among people with a light skin tone, people of all skin tones can develop skin cancer, including those with dark skin. Wear a hat with a wide brim all around that shades your face, neck, and ears. Wear sunglasses that block UV radiation to protect the skin around eyes. Wear long sleeves and long pants. Tightly woven, dark fabrics are best. Some fabrics are rated with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The higher the rating, the greater the protection from sunlight. Use sunscreen products with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Ionizing radiation can cause cell damage that leads to cancer.

Reference:

Sunlight and ionizing radiation. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521879/

 

 
 

2-Educating a person with life style modification (smoking, excessive body weight, safe work place) and removing the factors that can predispose to different types of cancer can enhance the layperson exposure and awareness to the disease. But one point is not clear to me, how can physical inactivity be a predisposing factor to cancer?

3-Modifiable risk factors are a risk factors to cancer, that a person can control them (NCI, 2017). Cancer can be caused by environmental factors, diet and life style however our knowledge to the modifiable risk factors can impact for cancer exposure. Some of the modifiable risk factors for lung cancer are smoking, workplace risk factors, radon etc. so I would educate and recommend my patient to avoid those risk factors. For instance, quitting smoking can decrease the exposure to lung cancer. To do so smokers need advice from experts (counselor) on how to quit smoking such as the use of nicotine replacement products and antidepressants therapy. A person who quits smoking for 10 years can lowers his/her risk of developing lung cancer by 30% to 50% (NCI, 2017).

A safe work place is a work place environment without chemicals that can cause to lung cancer such as asbestos, arsenic, nickel and chromium. In addition to that a work place should be smoke free to avoid secondhand smoke. Prevent high level of radon at your home for example on preventing leakage by sealing the basement (NCI, 2017).

Reference

National Cancer Institute (NCI) (2017) Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)–Patient Version retrieved [online] from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq

 

4-, after reading your post I stopped to think about the link between nutrition/ lack of activity and cancer.  Cancer does not “run” in my family.  So there is definitely no chromosome issue that is being passed along.  For many, many generations back my ancestors have been farmers.  I even have family in North Carolina who were tobacco farmers.  They did not develop cancer.  I did have one second cousin contract brain cancer.  The doctor felt like it was caused by gasoline.  He was a garage attendant for many years as a teenager and young adult.  This was a time when you could get full service at the gas station.  Anyway, my point is ….i wonder if family after me will start to develop cancer as our society becomes more and more sedentary.  Everyone I know is still very active even though no one farms anymore.  We all have jobs that naturally have moderate activity built into it. Will my grand children become sedentary due to so much automation in our lives?  I guess we will see if things like this start to cause cancer in an otherwise healthy family.

 

5-Developing the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for developing cervical cancer. This is a group of over one hundred and fifty viruses that can cause symptoms such as warts. The virus can cause infections around the genitals, mouth, throat, and anus, spreading through unprotected sex. Sometimes the infections resolve on their own, but other times the infections can become chronic and lead to cell changes and cervical cancer. HPV can be prevented through the vaccine and practicing safe sex. It is also important to have regular pap smears (American Cancer Society, 2019). I would focus on educating my patients on the importance of reproductive health and seeing their gynecologist regularly. I would educate on the importance of safe sex practices and give vaccination education. 

Reference:

American Cancer Society. (2019). HPV and HPV treatment. Retrieved from 

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/infectious-agents/hpv/hpv-and-hpv-testing.html

 

6-I think it would be important to educate on the importance of eating healthy and moving everyday. The American Cancer Society website is a great resource to provide them with. They recommend staying lean and maintaining a healthy weight. They recommend that adults have one hundred and fifty minutes of moderate activity each week or seventy-five minutes of vigorous activity. They recommend limiting sedentary activity. They recommend limiting processed food, increasing fruits and vegetables, and choosing whole grain foods (American Cancer Society, 2019). I think all of these recommendations would be important to educate patients in order to decrease their risk of cancer. Even if some of these changes might be difficult for patients to make, if they could start to incorporate some of these behaviors, it could help to make a difference. 

References:  

American Cancer Society. (2019). Summary of the ACS g

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19174801

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1-Research supports that the baccalaureate-educated nurse brings a more comprehensive and in-depth education to the healthcare arena than the associate-degree or diploma nurse. This past spring, renowned nurse researcher Linda Aiken co-authored a study that contributes to a growing body of evidence suggesting that a more educated nursing workforce translates into better patient outcomes. “Among the conclusions made by Aiken was that patients in hospitals in which 60% of nurses had bachelor’s degrees and nurses cared for an average of six patients would have almost 30% lower mortality than patients in hospitals in which only 30% of nurses had bachelor’s degrees and nurses cared for an average of eight patients.

Reference

Passmore, S. (2019, March 12). How Does Your Nursing Degree Affect Patient Mortality Rates? Retrieved March 22, 2019, from https://www.americansentinel.edu/blog/2014/06/04/how-does-your-nursing-degree-affect-patient-mortality-rates/

 

 

 
 

2-From my experience all nurses including BSN, Diploma and Associate Degree RN’s have better understanding of the entire healthcare system and an in-depth understanding about a patient’s overall history that automatically helps them make better and faster decisions, make fewer errors and better guide the patients and their families. However times are changing and rapidly expanding clinical knowledge and mounting complexities in health care mandate that professional nurses possess educational preparation commensurate with the diversified responsibilities required of them. As health care shifts from hospital-centered, inpatient care to more primary and preventive care throughout the community, the health system requires registered nurses who not only can practice across multiple settings – both within and beyond hospitals – but can function with more independence in clinical decision making, case management, provision of direct bedside care, supervision of unlicensed aides and other support personnel, guiding patients through the maze of health care resources, and educating patients on treatment regimens and adoption of healthy lifestyles. Having a BSN degree allows more opportunity for employment, increased responsibility, and career progression.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2013). 2012-2013 Enrollment and graduations in baccalaureate and graduate programs in nursing. Washington, DC

 

 

 
 

3-The capacity of a nurse to deliver quality care and safeguard the safety of a patient is dependent on the nature of training in nursing school. Anbari and Vogelsmeier (2018) explored the perceived benefits of Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) on the capacity of nurses to uphold patient safety in the course of service delivery. The duo engaged ADN-to-BSN graduates to find out the perceived implications on education on their capacity to promote the safety of the patients. Attainment of BSN qualifications expanded the nurses’ clinical reasoning, as they can approach care with a broadened scope as well as accept inputs from other people. Through the paradigm shift in the delivery of care, it can be argued that advanced training of nurses is instrumental in the enhancement of making decisions that conform to the needs of patients. In turn, this predisposes improved patient safety. However, some nurses believed that BSN is essential for career progression rather than improved their capacity to uphold patient safety.

From a personal viewpoint and based on my experiences, I consider BSN critical for the improvement of patient safety. In the course of acquiring the qualifications, nurses learn about new concepts in nursing and are exposed to approaches that may be helpful in the management of complex situations that may arise in the clinical setting. Through the learned concepts, nurses can significantly improve their clinical reasoning, as well as engage other healthcare professions. Through this, they are likely to apply evidence-based practice and limit engagement in behaviors that may adversely affect the safety of patients.

Reference

Anbari, A. B., & Vogelsmeier, A. (2018). Associate degree in nursing-to-bachelor of science in nursing graduates’ education and their perceived ability to keep patients’ safe. Journal of Nursing Education, 57(5), 300-303.

 

 

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19181113

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1-As a nurse , Erin Murphey is a great legislator becuase she can advocate for health care system reform bills and help to make a change at the corporate level. Murphey is a registrered nurse with 20 years of experience in the acute care settingAs governor, Murphy said she would sign a bill to legalize recreational marijuana, but she comes at the issue from a criminal justice perspective. She would want any proposal that legalizes recreational marijuana to also include a way to expunge low-level cannabis possession crimes from people’s records.”There is a disproportionate number of people of color, specifically men of color, who are incarcerated for this crime,” she said.She said she also believes it will be easier to keep marijuana out of the hands of young people if it were “regulated and legal.””Minnesotans are ahead of policymakers on this question,” she said. “They are ready to make this move and if the Legislature puts it on my desk, I will sign it into law.” This can be also seen from a healthcare perspective because many pharmaceautical companies are using marijuana in for many different conditions in patients. It is exciting to have a nurse in politics. This is someone just like us who is able to make an impact from the source. Hopefully she does well in implementing her promises.

Miller, K. (2018). DFL governor candidate Erin Murphy shares her views. Retrieved from https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/07/24/dfl-candidate-erin-murphy-shares-views

 

 

 
 

2-Lauren Underwood is the newest elected, and youngest registered nurse serving in the U.S. House of Representatives since January 3, 2019. She is representing Illinois 14thcongressional district. In her short time serving, she has been loud and clear about her support regarding affordable health care to all Americans. Just last week she introduced legislation that would improve affordability by reducing premium costs for consumers who purchase plans through the Health Insurance Marketplace and in February, she introduced legislation that would help protect Americans with pre-existing conditions by overturning an Administration rule that expands limited duration insurance, commonly known as “junk plans.” She also supports the prevention of gun violence by serving as a member of the Congressional Gun Violence Prevention Taskforce. Prior to her election into congress she was working to improve healthcare by serving as a Senior Advisor at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) where she helped communities prepare for and respond to disasters and emergencies.

Reference:

Representative Lauren Underwood. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://underwood.house.gov/

 

 

 
 

3-The congresswomen, Eddie Bernice Johnson, was a Chief Psychiatric Nurse in a hospital (VA Hospital) in Dallas before she became congresswomen (C-Span, 2019). She has recently introduced the National Nurse Act of 2019 in Congress. Eddie Bernice Johnson is the first registered nurse elected to Congress and can be counted between the most well-known nurses in history because of her outstanding accomplishments in that capacity. As an African-American woman, she has encountered many obstacles in both her nursing and political careers. Ms. Johnson is an excellent example of the value of education.

Reference

C-Span. (2019, January 9). Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson Urges House to Support the Allred Health Care Resolution. Retrieved from C-Span: https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4771977/congresswoman-eddie-bernice-johnson-urges-house-support-allred-health-care-resolution

 

 
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1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19189533

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1-The Clinical Nurse Leader is a nurse with her masters and is prepared to practice across the continnum of care within any healthcare setting. The CNL was created by the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN) with the collaboration of health care leaders and educators to address the need to improve the quality of patient outcomes (AACN, 2018). The CNL can do a number of things including are coordination, outcome measurements, transitions of care, interprofessional communication and team leadership, risk assessment, implementation of best practices based on evidence, quality improvement.

Reference

Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aacnnursing.org/CNL

 

 

 
 

2-The American Association of Colleges of Nursing proposed the clinical nurse leader (CNL) role in 2007 as their response on how to manage the needs of an aging population and improve the nursing profession. When the CNL position was first proposed and implemented in 2008, candidates to be a CNL had to have a baccheluers degree with a minimum of two years nursing experience and be well respected by peers and physicians. They were expected to oversee units with 12-18 patients, perform daily rounds, serve as a resource for nurses, review patient outcomes, and teach change management and evidence based practice to nurses (Sotomayor, 2017).

In units where a CNL was present, there was shown to be a significant reduction in patient falls, CAUTIs, central line-associated infections, and hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (Sotomayor, 2017).

A CNL influences direct patient care by assessing how nursing care is currently being delivered and how it can be improved. They are responsible for educating nurses on their unit regarding how improvements can be made and also tracking how effective these changes are.

This role is not only reserved for inpatient units but can also be used for nursing positions out in the community to improve access to care and care coordination.

Reference:

Sotomayor, G. (2017). CNE SERIES. Clinical Nurse Leaders: Fulfilling the Promise of the Role. MEDSURG Nursing, 26(1), 21–32. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=121353509&site=ehost-live&scope=site

 

 

3-Thank you for sharing your findings with the rest of the class. It was a great post. I actually have clinical nurse leaders at my facility and I find them to be extremely helpful, bot only to the nurses but the patients as well. They are familiar with policies and procedures and serve as a great resource when needed. As I new nurse I am always looking for a clinical nurse leader. My charge nurse is a great resource. She has made every mistake into a teachable moment and it has made transitioning into the nursing practice much smoother had she not been there. Thank you again for your post.

 
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