Need help with my writing homework on Hypothyroidism and dna. Write a 500 word paper answering; Hypothyroidism and DNA Affiliation Hypothyroidism and DNA Introduction Nearly every physiologic process is affected by thyroid hormones. The Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that controls every physiologic process in the body. The relationship between thyroid hormones and DNA is intricate. Two terms describe the amount of thyroid hormone in the body. hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism implies that thyroid hormone levels do not have any impact on body tissues while hyperthyroidism indicates that thyroid hormone levels have excessive impact on the body tissues. The paper will particularly assess the relationship between hypothyroidism and DNA.

According to Lavin (2009), hypothyroidism can be termed as thyroid hormone deficiency whereby the thyroid hormone levels in the body have no effects on the body tissues as required. He notes that thyroid hormones deficiency has numerous negative impacts on the overall functioning of the body tissues (Lavin, 2009). How does hypothyroidism affect DNA? It affects DNA by interfering with the usage of the messages carried by the DNA and DNA transcription. By binding to the receptors found on the nucleus of each cell, DNA transcription is affected. Hence, hypothyroidism leads to low levels of transcription of DNA. It reduces DNA synthesis (Thurlbeck & Churg, 1995).

The cause of hypothyroidism could be injury to the thyroid gland. An illness such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can cause it. It leads to the production of antibodies that destroy the thyroid gland. Such illness is regarded to as an autoimmune disease. If the pituitary gland is destroyed or is not functioning properly, then thyroid hormone production is reduced. Some medications like lithium cause hypothyroidism. (Harvard Health Publications. White, & Garber, 2010). Genetics is can be used to explain how DNA mutation and alteration cause hypothyroidism. When there are DNA changes in various genes, then this can cause congenital hypothyroidism. The number of chromosomes also leads to hypothyroidism (Valente, Hosford-Dunn, & Roeser, 2008).

DNA and hypothyroidisim have an intricate relationship. Ptaff (2002) asserts that relations of thyroid hormone with the proteins that bind Deoxyribonucleic acid is the main means through which thyroid hormone controls transcription of thyroid hormone-responsive genes (Ptaff, 2002). In hypothyroidism, DNA methyltransferase activity is regulated more while that of histone acetylases is regulated less (Acton, 2012).

The thyroid –stimulating hormone β gene defect has been found in various families with hypothyroidism. The defect in the gene is caused by substitution of one base in the gene. It leads to failure of the formation of a functioning hormone (Bernstam, 1992). The Bcl-2 gene’s expression is enhanced by thyroid hormone. However, the expression of Bcl-2 family genes is altered by hypothyroidism. The alteration encourages improved apoptosis in the cerebellum. The fragmentation of DNA is widespread under hypothyroidism (Barnett, 2007).

Precise repair of DNA is vital for the protection of the integrity of the genome. DNA can be repaired through nucleotide-excision, mismatch repair, or base-excision repair. In base excision repair, small chemical changes of the bases are targeted. In mismatch repair, the bases that have been mispaired are corrected. While in nucleotide-excision repair, there is favoured repair of the helix-distorting lesions (Balajee, 2007). Treatment of hypothyroidism can be done through lifetime hormonal replacement therapy with artificial hormones (Abbate, 2011).

References

Abbate, S. (2011). Advanced Techniques in Oriental Medicine. New York: Thieme.

Acton, Q. A. (2012). Hypothyroidism: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional. ScholarlyEditions.

Balajee, A. (2007). DNA Repair and Human Disease. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.

Barnett, G. H. (2007). High-Grade Gliomas: Diagnosis and Treatment. Totowa, New Jersey: Springer Science & Business Media.

Bernstam, V. A. (1992). CRC Handbook of Gene Level Diagnostics in Clinical Practice. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

Harvard Health Publications. White, Sandra S. Garber, Jeffrey R. (2010). Thyroid Disease: Understanding Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism. Boston: Harvard Health Publications.

Lavin, N. (2009). Manual of Endocrinology and Metabolism (4th ed.). (N. Lavin, Ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ptaff, D. W. (2002). Hormones, Brain and Behavior. San Diego: Academic Press.

Thurlbeck, W. M., & Churg, A. (1995). Pathology of the Lung (2nd ed.). (W. M. Thurlbeck, & A. Churg, Eds.) New York: Thieme.

Valente, M., Hosford-Dunn, H., & Roeser, R. J. (2008). Audiology Treatment (2nd ed.). New York: Thieme.

 

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Need help with my writing homework on Implementing The Learning Organization. Write a 2000 word paper answering; The Learning Organization is a group that prepares its workers to be ready to anticipate, adapt and change as the situation warrants.

One of the key components of a Learning Organization is a commitment to lifelong learning (Stinson, Pearson, &amp. Lucas, 2006, p. 309). The rapid pace of change in technology, medicine, and education demands that a successful organization places value on learning and makes adequate time for it to take place. Placing learning at the forefront of an organization’s priorities characterizes it as a Learning Organization. At Booz Allen, a strategy consulting firm, they have a program called Discover Booz Allen. Senior executives have informal chats with junior colleagues on management techniques and insights into career success throughout a yearlong immersion process (Holistic approach to learning, 2006, p. 28). According to Stinson et al.

 

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Need help with my writing homework on In what ways is it evident that paine and publius were influenced by montesquieu and locke. Write a 1250 word paper answering; Thomas Paine was an English-American political writer who lived between (1737–1809).among his most remarkable publications, Common Sense (1776). Paine argued that the British colonies in America should revolt against the Crown. Paine’s work had great influence on the public during the American Revolution.

Thomas Paine and Publius contributed greatly to the revolution of Americans and the world at large. Paine and Publius through their writings among them “common sense” greatly altered the character and destiny of America and World History (Loughran, 74). Thomas Paine’s ideologies and efforts inspired and brought together the American Revolution. Paine and publius provided the colonists with the fuel to charge their rebellion. Paine’s phrases chorused through colonies and united Americans in a common goal. His oratorical skills and the power of his pen imparted the courage and ideals needed for the founding of a new nation. In his efforts to bring together and direct the colonists, Paine created the phrases – The United State of America, which may have been one of his greatest phrases.

The American idea of equality, freedom and human rights that came from Paine’s and Publius’s mind and the philosophies of their predecessors Locke and Montesquieu set the 18th century world on fire. They gave Americans and Europeans the sense, inspiration, and courage to reject outdated social and political structures of the past centuries and the confidence to create new ones that would ensure a better future for humans. People were looking forward to a social order where they could achieve their human potential. Democracy would enable them reach these aspirations they had been holding on to for ages. Paine and Publius changed the format and meaning of Locke’s and Montesquieu’s book of thought.

 

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Need help with my writing homework on Internation Marketing: The Involvement of Ethnocentrism in the International Marketing Scenario. Write a 2250 word paper answering; While retail stores and other associated channels provide areas where final transactions take place and consumption begin, the impact of retailing activities on customer demand has largely been ignored in the theory of marketing, with few exceptions such as the late Hollander whose research has continuously proved to be of great contribution to market researchers.

Hollander argued that the fundamental of the market theory was aimed at understanding how retailers have acted (and still act) as consumption modifiers and gatekeepers. Likewise, Hunt noted in 1983 that marketing study involves the study of exchange behavior and institutional frameworks through which exchange occur. Hunt’s view was that the study should be fundamental marketing explained.

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Need help with my writing homework on International Human Resource Management CZ18. Write a 3000 word paper answering; There is a very close relationship between national culture and the human resource management as the document analyzes. The essay analyzes the impact of national cultural on the human resource management.

The national culture framework by Hofstede attributes national culture to aspects such as collectiveness versus individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance as well as femininity versus masculinity. The national culture of various countries will handle these aspects from different points of view. These aspects entail the feelings of people and human thinking which tends to create basic problems in every society that every society is expected solve. These problems, however, manifest in varying dimensions from one country to the other. Selection, as well as recruitment, is a chief function of the human resource management. Before an organization starts the process of recruiting and selecting, it is essential for the human resource professional to carry out an analysis of that country’s national culture (Davila & Elvira 2008).

If the national culture of that nation is individualistic in nature, the human resource management professionals have to develop strategies that are in line with the national culture of that country. In a nation that uses individualism, the HR professionals will have an assurance that the employees they acquire are transferable to any part of that nation as well as outside that nation. This is because these people are concentrating on their individual career only and are not expected to take care of their immediate family. However, if the cultural dimension of a particular nation is collective in nature, the HR professionals have to come up with strategies bearing in mind that the people they will attain are family conscious. This clearly shows that for the business will acquire the employees as per the culture of the respective nature.

 

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