Liberty University CJUS330 Test 4

·         Question 1

2 out of 2 points

In __________, it was found that a criminal defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial is violated when prejudicial pretrial publicity unfairly taints the trial process.

·         Question 2

2 out of 2 points

The __________ Amendment guarantees that people should be secured against unreasonable searches and seizures.

·         Question 3

2 out of 2 points

What might happen to a jury if a judge is concerned about publicity in a trial?

·         Question 4

2 out of 2 points

What is another name for trial juries?

·         Question 5

2 out of 2 points

Criminal trials start with two presumptions: the presumption of innocence and the presumption of ________.

·         Question 6

2 out of 2 points

Challenges to jurors that require a justification are called challenges __________.

·         Question 7

2 out of 2 points

In __________, the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment incorporates the Sixth Amendment’s right to a jury trial.

·         Question 8

2 out of 2 points

CASE 13.1

Throughout most of our nation’s history, the three broad constitutional provisions dealing with trial by jury had little applicability in state courts. The U.S. Constitution applied only to trials in federal courts. These practices changed dramatically, however, when the Supreme Court decided Duncan v. Louisiana (1968), ruling that the jury provisions of the Sixth Amendment were incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state courts, as well. Subsequent decisions grappled with the problem of defining the precise meaning of the right to trial by jury. The most important issues concerned the scope of the right to a jury trial, the size of the jury, and unanimous versus nonunanimous verdicts.

Stefanie is caught shoplifting at her local pharmacy. Which of the following is most likely true?

Selected Answer:

d. She does not have a right to a jury trial.

·         Question 9

1.5 out of 1.5 points

The U.S. Supreme Court has approved six-member juries in criminal cases.

·         Question 10

1.5 out of 1.5 points

For law on the books, venire is when judges vary in their willingness to excuse potential jurors because of hardship.

·         Question 11

1.5 out of 1.5 points

A gag order prohibits anyone involved in a case—police, prosecutor, defense attorney, defendant—from talking to the press.

·         Question 12

1.5 out of 1.5 points

The primary purpose of the jury is to prevent oppression by the government.

·         Question 13

1.5 out of 1.5 points

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that master jury lists must reflect a representative and impartial cross section of the community.

·         Question 14

1.5 out of 1.5 points

In Batson v. Kentucky, the Supreme Court restricted the ability of prosecutors who used preemptory challenges to keep African-Americans off the jury in any case involving an African-American defendant.

·         Question 15

2 out of 2 points

Executive branch influence on punishment is exercised through __________.

·         Question 16

2 out of 2 points

Advocates of the due process model believe the death penalty is __________.

·         Question 17

2 out of 2 points

“Only by ‘locking him up and throwing away the key’ can we assure that he won’t be able to rape another woman.” That statement best matches which of the following purposes of punishment?

·         Question 18

2 out of 2 points

Which Amendment to the Constitution prohibits cruel and unusual punishments?

·         Question 19

2 out of 2 points

In __________, it was decided that prisoners can sue correctional officials in federal court under 42 U.S.C. 1983.

·         Question 20

2 out of 2 points

What sentence specifically states the exact number of years to be served in prison?

·         Question 21

2 out of 2 points

In ancient societies, the primary purpose of punishment was __________.

·         Question 22

2 out of 2 points

A sum of money paid to the government by a person convicted of an offense as punishment is called __________.

·         Question 23

1.5 out of 1.5 points

A sentencing guidelines grid allows for upward and downward departures from the guidelines.

·         Question 24

1.5 out of 1.5 points

The race of the offender and victim is less important in sentencing than the race of the offender alone.

·         Question 25

1.5 out of 1.5 points

When a crime is perceived to be less serious, individual factors such as prior record are given relatively less weight than when the crime is more serious.

·         Question 26

1.5 out of 1.5 points

One reason for high rate of imprisonment is the length of sentences.

·         Question 27

1.5 out of 1.5 points

A law on the books approach to mandatory minimum sentences stresses nullification by discretion, whereas a law in action approach stresses certainty of punishment.

·         Question 28

2 out of 2 points

Severe defects in trial proceedings that require reversal of a conviction and remand for a new trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice are called __________.

·         Question 29

2 out of 2 points

The error-correction function of appellate review protects against arbitrary, capricious, or mistaken legal decisions by a trial court __________.

·         Question 30

2 out of 2 points

Oral arguments involve face-to-face contact between __________.

·         Question 31

0 out of 2 points

__________ percent of wrongful convictions come from exonerated murder and rape cases.

·         Question 32

2 out of 2 points

What is the last of the six customary phases in the appeals process?

·         Question 33

2 out of 2 points

Criminal defendants are guaranteed the right to have an appellate court directly examine their convictions for all types of alleged errors as long as they do what?

·         Question 34

2 out of 2 points

During trials, attorneys must make timely objections to judge’s rulings on points of law, or the objection will be deemed waived. What is the name of the rule?

·         Question 35

0 out of 2 points

For __________ years, the same nine justices sat on the Supreme Court; however, this changed in 2005.

·         Question 36

2 out of 2 points

CASE 15.1

Appeals courts approach appellate decision making in different ways, depending on the types of questions presented for review on appeal. Sometimes appellate courts are very deferential to what happened in lower courts, whereas other times they give no deference at all. How much deference or scrutiny an appellate court will afford to the decisions of a judge, jury, or administrative agency in an appeal is referred to as the standard of review.

The least deferential standard of appellate review in criminal cases is __________.

·         Question 37

1.5 out of 1.5 points

After a “not guilty” verdict is returned, the prosecutor cannot appeal the acquittal, even if the original trial was littered with serious mistakes.

·         Question 38

1.5 out of 1.5 points

The losing party in the lower court has an unlimited amount of time to file an appeal.

·         Question 39

1.5 out of 1.5 points

The current U.S. Supreme Court is highly polarized.

·         Question 40

0 out of 1.5 points

Differences in how state courts of last resort respond to death penalty appeals are random.

·         Question 41

1.5 out of 1.5 points

Scholars refer to Court eras according to the chief justice.

·         Question 42

Needs Grading

What presumptions apply at the start of trials? What is the burden of proof applicable to overcoming them?

 

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Liberty University ENGL 102 test 3 complete solutions correct answers A+ work

Time limit: 1 hour and 30 minutes 

50 multiple-choice, true/false, matching and reading comprehension questions

Open-book/open-notes 

Do not hit the BACK button as this will lock you out of the test. 

The timer will continue if you leave this test without submitting it.

Please use the following passage to answer the first 5 questions:

Reading Comprehension Question from the play Everyman (lines 22-79).

GOD:  I perceive here in my majesty, 

How that all the creatures be to me unkind, 

Living without dread in worldly prosperity: 

Of ghostly sight the people be so blind, 

Drowned in sin, they know me not for their God; 

In worldly riches is all their mind. 

 They fear not my righteousness, the sharp rod.

 My law that I showed, when I for them died,

 They forget clean, and shedding of my blood red;

 I hanged between two, it cannot be denied;

 To get them life I suffered to be dead;

 I healed their feet, with thorns hurt was my head.

 I could do no more than I did, truly;

And now I see the people do clean forsake me.  

They use the seven deadly sins damnable,

As pride, covetise, wrath, and lechery

Now in the world be made commendable;

And thus they leave of angels the heavenly company.

Every man liveth so after his own pleasure,

And yet of their life they be nothing sure:

I see the more that I them forbear

The worse they be from year to year.

…

I hoped well that every man

In my glory should make his mansion,

And thereto I had them all elect;

But now I see, like traitors deject,

They thank me not for the pleasure that I to them meant,

Nor yet for their being that I them have lent;

I proffered the people great multitude of mercy,

And few there be that asketh it heartily;

They be so cumbered with worldly riches

That needs on them I must do justice,

On every man living without fear.

Where art thou, Death, thou mighty messenger?

[Enter Death]

DEATH: Almighty God, I am here at your will,

    Your commandment to fulfill.

GOD:  Go thou to Everyman,

 And show him, in my name,

 A pilgrimage he must … take

…

And that he bring with him a sure reckoning

DEATH: Lord, I will in the world go run overall,

And cruelly outsearch both great and small;

Everyman will I beset that liveth beastly

Out of God’s laws, and dreadeth not folly.

He that loveth riches I will strike with my dart,

His sight to blind, and from heaven to depart–

Except that alms be his good friend–

In hell for to dwell, world without end

Question 1

1.6 out of 1.6 points

In context, the phrase “Everyman … liveth beastly” means that

Selected Answer:

Question 2

0 out of 1.6 points

According to the excerpt, __________.

Selected Answer:

.

Question 3

1.6 out of 1.6 points

In context, the excerpt depicts Everyman as __________.

Selected Answer:

.

Question 4

0 out of 1.6 points

Choose one word that best explains why the people have rejected the “multitude of mercy” offered by the speaker?

Selected Answer:

Question 5

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Death’s vow to search for “both great and small,” never to relax at any point, means that

Selected Answer:

.

Question 6

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Aristotle, the Greek critic, said that a tragic hero should be a nobleman.

Selected Answer:

Question 7

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Oedipus asks Kreon to kill him, since suicide would be blasphemy against the gods.

Selected Answer:

Question 8

1.6 out of 1.6 points

“Quem Quoeritis” includes an exchange between Holy Women and Jesus.

Selected Answer:

Question 9

0 out of 1.6 points

Kreon and Teiresias (in the play Oedipus Rex) are a good example of the use of mute actors in ancient Greek drama.

Selected Answer:

Question 10

0 out of 1.6 points

According to Aristotle, a hero is not responsible for any criminal act he commits as long as he is not aware of its criminal nature.

Selected Answer:

Question 11

0 out of 1.6 points

Richard Caxton printed Everyman in English in the early 1600’s.

Selected Answer:

Question 12

1.6 out of 1.6 points

One of Sophocles’ contributions was the inclusion of female actors.

Selected Answer:

Question 13

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The Greek stage was limited in the use of props and scenery.

Selected Answer:

Question 14

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Which is not one of the Three Unities?

Selected Answer:

Question 15

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Goods states in the play Everyman: “Who calleth me? Everyman? What hast thou hast! / I lie here in corners, trussed and piled so high, / And in chest I am locked so fast, / Also sacked in bags, thou mayst see with thine eye, / I cannot stir; in packs low I lie. / What would ye have, lightly me say.”  In context, this best satirizes

Selected Answer:

Question 16

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The major characters in Shakespeare’s tragedies are influenced by Aristotle’s concept of tragic hero.

Selected Answer:

Question 17

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Sophocles is noted for his clear and logical action that used political, religious, and personal elements.

Selected Answer:

Question 18

0 out of 1.6 points

The Greeks were a war-like culture and enjoyed seeing bloodshed on the stage.

Selected Answer:

Question 19

1.6 out of 1.6 points

In 1210, Pope Innocent III moved drama from the wagon processionals into the church buildings.

Selected Answer:

Question 20

1.6 out of 1.6 points

According to Plato, a Greek critic, a tragic hero must fall from high to low estate.

Selected Answer:

Question 21

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Elizabethan drama held to the single day theory of Classical drama.

Selected Answer:

Question 22

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Messenger speaks in Everyman saying: “I pray you all give your audience, / And here [hear] this matter with reverence, / By figure a moral play- / The Summoning of Everyman called it is,”In context, the statement that the play is “By figure a moral play” means that

Selected Answer:

Question 23

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The name “Oedipus” means swollen hand.

Selected Answer:

Question 24

1.6 out of 1.6 points

A messenger tells Oedipus that the king’s (Oedipus’s) father, _____, is dead.

Selected Answer:

Question 25

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The Greek play began with the parados.

Selected Answer:

Question 26

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Everyman states in the play Everyman: “ O gracious God, in the high seat celestial, / Have mercy on me in this most need; / Shall I have no company from this vale terrestrial / Of mine acquaintance that way to me lead?”In this excerpt, Everyman pleads to God to allow help from ________.

Selected Answer:

Question 27

1.6 out of 1.6 points

In the play Oedipus the Chorus make this remark about Oedipus: “Your splendor is all fallen / O naked brow of wrath and tears,/ O change of Oedipus!”  In context, what has happened to Oedipus?

Selected Answer:

Question 28

1.6 out of 1.6 points

With the decline and fall of Rome, drama – either as an institution or a literature – ceased to exist.

Selected Answer:

Question 29

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Greek theatre was limited to three actors, although a dramatist could use as many mute actors as he wished.

Selected Answer:

Question 30

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Aeschylus was a student of Sophocles.

Selected Answer:

Question 31

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The end of a Greek play is called Exodos.

Selected Answer:

Question 32

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Aeschylus introduces a second character to the performances.

Selected Answer:

Question 33

1.6 out of 1.6 points

According to the messenger in Everyman, the actual title of the play is:

Selected Answer:

The Summoning of Everyman

Question 34

1.6 out of 1.6 points

In a carefully crafted Greek play, no god ever actively impacts the outcome of a hero’s challenges.

Selected Answer:

Question 35

1.6 out of 1.6 points

According to Everyman, there are _____ sacraments.

Selected Answer:

Question 36

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Greek actors used giant masks to indicate their character types or emotions.

Selected Answer:

Question 37

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The plot of Oedipus Rex has been called one of the most perfect dramatic plots ever conceived.

Selected Answer:

Question 38

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Dionysus was the god of dance.

Selected Answer:

Question 39

1.6 out of 1.6 points

According to the “Three Unities,” action was restricted to one main action with few or no subplots.

Selected Answer:

Question 40

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Which character in Everyman says to Everyman: “Fear not; I will speak for thee.”

Selected Answer:

Question 41

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Othello is known to be honest, open, sincere, and overly trusting.

Selected Answer:

Question 42

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The play Everyman opens with a statement by Messenger that the “intent” of the play is “gracious / And sweet to bear away.”  This means the purpose of the play is

Selected Answer:

.

Question 43

0 out of 1.6 points

According to Fellowship in Everyman, what is duty?

Selected Answer:

Question 44

0 out of 1.6 points

The play Oedipus opens with the following speech by Oedipus: “My children, generations of living / In the line of Kadmos, nursed at his ancient hearth: / Why have you strewn yourself before these altars / In supplication, with your boughs and garlands? / The breath of incense rises from the city / With a sound of prayer and lamentation.” What is Oedipus’ attitude and tone in his speech?

Selected Answer:

Question 45

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Strength speaks in Everyman saying: “You spend your speech and waste your brain.” In context, this means that

Selected Answer:

Question 46

0 out of 1.6 points

In the play Oedipus the Chorus say: “Alas the seed of men./…/ That breathe on void and are void / And exist and do not exist?” In context, what do lines 2-3 — “That breathe on void and are void / And exist and do not exist?”—mean?

Selected Answer:

.

Question 47

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The name of the blind seer in Oedipus is Kreon.

Selected Answer:

Question 48

0 out of 1.6 points

Greek tragedy encouraged the use of comedy and tragedy in the same play to show the duality of human nature.

Selected Answer:

Question 49

1.6 out of 1.6 points

The play Oedipus opens with the following speech by Oedipus: “… Children,/ I would not have you speak trough messengers, / And therefore I have come myself to hear you- / I, Oedipus, who bear the famous name. / (To a Priest.) You, there, since you are the eldest in the company, / Speak for them all, tell me what preys upon you.”  The “Priest” may be described as

Selected Answer:

Question 50

1.6 out of 1.6 points

Arion added an actor to the chorus’ music and dancing.

Selected Answer:

 

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Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

Liberty University HIEU 201 Quiz chapter 10

 

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Liberty University PHIL 201 quiz 5 complete solutions correct answers A+ work.

More than 9 different versions

Question 1

By “high accessibility requirements” the internalist means:

Question 2

The view in which the basing relationship between beliefs is deductive:

Question 3

Rene Descartes was a:

Question 4

According to externalism one must be aware of whether his cognitive processes are functioning properly or not.

Question 5

Coherentism holds that some beliefs are more foundational than others.

Question 6

For Aristotle, the “Golden Mean” points to fixed and universal ethical norms for all people to follow.

Question 7

Thomas Aquinas thought that moral and intellectual virtues were closely related.

Question 8

The virtue of studiousness does not take into account the proper kinds of motives for seeking knowledge.

Question 9

Vices might be described as characteristics that are destructive in nature.

Question 10

Discussions of vice and virtues tend to arise within which major area of philosophy?

Question 11

What is the point of Descartes’ evil demon argument?

Question 12

According to Dew and Foreman, most rational people believe that it is extremely rarely for our senses to mislead us.

Question 13

To suggest that we should suspend all judgments about any claim to knowledge, is to suggest a softer and mitigated form of skepticism in contrast to its more unmitigated expressions.

Question 14

When Larry claims definitely and dogmatically that he knows we cannot know anything at all, he is expressing:

Question 15

Among some of the reasons why unmitigated skepticism is difficult for a person to consistently hold as a serious philosophical position is because

Question 16

Ginger believes that the dog she sees in her neighbor’s back yard is her own Labrador Retriever named Sam. Since there are no other Labrador Retrievers in the neighborhood fitting the same description as Sam, and since the dog Ginger sees in her neighbor’s yard seems to recognize Ginger’s voice when she calls out to it, Ginger quite naturally believes the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is her dog Sam. It turns out, however, that the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is in fact not Ginger’s dog but the Labrador of a visiting relative of her neighbor. On an internalist account of justification, since it turns out not to be true that Ginger saw her dog Sam in her neighbor’s back yard, Ginger was not justified in believing it was her own dog in the first place.

Question 17

While Clifford’s form of evidentialism may have its difficulties, most contemporary epistemologists agree that it is, at the very least, not a selfdefeating position, and this is part of what makes it a good option for epistemic justification.

Question 18

Select the one below that is NOT a difficulty with W.K. Clifford’s approach to evidentialism

Question 19

My belief is a justified belief if and only if it is, in fact, a true belief.

Question 20

Those holding to some form of externalism in rationality tend to argue that, since it is impossible for persons to have any cognitive access to the reasons and evidence that support some of a person’s beliefs, internalists cannot be right with respect to their account of justification for all beliefs.

·         Question 1

3 out of 3 points

The areas on knowledge that Descartes doubted include:

·         Question 2

3 out of 3 points

According to externalism one must be aware of whether his cognitive processes are functioning properly or not.

·         Question 3

3 out of 3 points

Coherentism holds that some beliefs are more foundational than others.

·         Question 4

3 out of 3 points

The answers to the skeptical challenge suggested in the pointecast presentation include:

·         Question 5

3 out of 3 points

Noetic structure refers to:

·         Question 6

3 out of 3 points

Humility helps us fight against intellectual vices like pride and vanity that keep us from seeing the truth.

·         Question 7

3 out of 3 points

Carefulness is an intellectual virtue that helps us:

·         Question 8

3 out of 3 points

For Aristotle, the “Golden Mean” points to fixed and universal ethical norms for all people to follow.

·         Question 9

3 out of 3 points

The intellectual virtue of humility can be described as the mean between:

·         Question 10

·         3 out of 3 points

Which is not one of the ways that Wood says moral and intellectual virtues parallel each other?

·         Question 11

3 out of 3 points

Hume thinks that, while we may assume connections of causality (i.e., every event has a cause), we never actually perceive a necessary connection of causality and therefore we cannot know a causal connection has actually occurred.

·         Question 12

3 out of 3 points

If skepticism is an indefensible philosophical position to hold, then by the process of elimination, epistemic certainty is the only reasonable alternative.

·         Question 13

3 out of 3 points

One of the factors that fuels skepticism is our inability to demonstrate epistemic certainty about many of the beliefs we think are true.

·         Question 14

3 out of 3 points

It is a commonly accepted fact that it is impossible to be certain about any belief

·         Question 15

3 out of 3 points

Those holding to some form of externalism in rationality tend to argue that, since it is impossible for persons to have any cognitive access to the reasons and evidence that support some of a person’s beliefs, internalists cannot be right with respect to their account of justification for all beliefs.

·         Question 16

3 out of 3 points

Ginger believes that the dog she sees in her neighbor’s back yard is her own Labrador Retriever named Sam.  Since there are no other Labrador Retrievers in the neighborhood fitting the same description as Sam, and since the dog Ginger sees in her neighbor’s yard seems to recognize Ginger’s voice when she calls out to it, Ginger quite naturally believes the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is her dog Sam.  It turns out, however, that the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is in fact not Ginger’s dog but the Labrador of a visiting relative of her neighbor.  On an internalist account of justification, since it turns out not to be true that Ginger saw her dog Sam in her neighbor’s back yard, Ginger was not justified in believing it was her own dog in the first place.

·         Question 17

If a person thinks she has a moral responsibility to determine that any belief she holds is based on sufficient evidence, that is, evidence that strikes her as being based on indisputably good reasons or arguments, she is likely representing the epistemological position of

·         Question 18

The problem with W. K. Clifford’s statement “It is wrong always, everywhere and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence” is that:

Question 1

Christopher Columbus was convinced that he discovered a route to the East Indies because it lined up with his maps and the current beliefs of his day. However, he was wrong. This example demonstrates a problem with:

Question 2

Noetic structure refers to:

Question 3

The doxastic assumption is:

Question 4

According to externalism one must be aware of whether his cognitive processes are functioning properly or not.

Question 5

The areas on knowledge that Descartes doubted include:

Question 6

Discussions of vice and virtues tend to arise within which major area of philosophy?

Question 7

Vices might be described as characteristics that are destructive in nature.

Question 8

Intellectual virtue is best described as:

Question 9

Thomas Aquinas thought that moral and intellectual virtues were closely related.

Question 10

Being intellectually virtuous helps us to avoid common mistakes in our thinking that keeps us from knowledge.

Question 11

When the used car salesman tells Steve that the particular car he is considering purchasing has less than fifteen thousand actual miles on it, Steve is, quite naturally, a bit skeptical about this claim, particularly since the car is over ten years old and looks a little worse for wear. In exhibiting this level of doubt, Steve is expressing:

Question 12

When Descartes employs systematic doubt against the beliefs he holds, he discovers that:

Question 13

According to Dew and Foreman, most rational people believe that it is extremely rarely for our senses to mislead us.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT commonly given by philosophers as a reason for adopting some form of skepticism:

Question 15

To say that it is impossible to have knowledge is itself a claim to knowledge, and is for that reason a selfdefeating assertion.

Question 16

Select the one below that is NOT a difficulty with W.K. Clifford’s approach to evidentialism

Question 17

Externalism in epistemology is an approach to rationality which argues that

Question 18

While Clifford’s form of evidentialism may have its difficulties, most contemporary epistemologists agree that it is, at the very least, not a selfdefeating position, and this is part of what makes it a good option for epistemic justification.

Question 19

Ginger believes that the dog she sees in her neighbor’s back yard is her own Labrador Retriever named Sam. Since there are no other Labrador Retrievers in the neighborhood fitting the same description as Sam, and since the dog Ginger sees in her neighbor’s yard seems to recognize Ginger’s voice when she calls out to it, Ginger quite naturally believes the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is her dog Sam. It turns out, however, that the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is in fact not Ginger’s dog but the Labrador of a visiting relative of her neighbor. On an internalist account of justification, since it turns out not to be true that Ginger saw her dog Sam in her neighbor’s back yard, Ginger was not justified in believing it was her own dog in the first place.

Question 20

Those holding to some form of externalism in rationality tend to argue that, since it is impossible for persons to have any cognitive access to the reasons and evidence that support some of a person’s beliefs, internalists cannot be right with respect to their account of justification for all beliefs.

Question 1

When considering our noetic structure we recognize that we hold beliefs in varying degrees of strength.

Question 2

The motivation behind externalism is:

Question 3

Coherentism holds that some beliefs are more foundational than others.

Question 4

According to externalism one must be aware of whether his cognitive processes are functioning properly or not.

Question 5

The view in which the basing relationship between beliefs is deductive:

Question 6

Intellectual virtue is best described as:

Question 7

Aristotle thought that the virtues are present naturally in all people.

Question 8

The intellectual virtue of humility can be described as the mean between:

Question 9

Vices might be described as characteristics that are destructive in nature.Question 10

Discussions of vice and virtues tend to arise within which major area of philosophy?

Question 11

When Larry claims definitely and dogmatically that he knows we cannot know anything at all, he is expressing:

Question 12

According to Dew and Foreman, most rational people believe that it is extremely rarely for our senses to mislead us.

Question 13

One of the factors that fuels skepticism is our inability to demonstrate epistemic certainty about many of the beliefs we think are true.

Question 14

If skepticism is an indefensible philosophical position to hold, then by the process of elimination, epistemic certainty is the only reasonable alternative.

Question 15

Robert is a scientist who firmly believes in empirical truths and the physical laws of causality (e.g. when he builds a fire in his fireplace, it will produce heat), but he expresses serious reservations about the rational credibility of whether there are objective moral virtues, such as goodness, or whether such a being as the traditional God of theism does in fact exist. In such a case, Robert is expressing a form of

Question 16

Coherentism in epistemology is a position which holds that a particular belief is justified for a person so long as that belief is consistent with everything else that person holds to be true.

Question 17

Those holding to some form of externalism in rationality tend to argue that, since it is impossible for persons to have any cognitive access to the reasons and evidence that support some of a person’s beliefs, internalists cannot be right with respect to their account of justification for all beliefs.

Question 18

Suppose a person is deeply concerned about whether her belief in God is rational. In order to make this determination, she reflects on the kind of evidence she thinks she has for God’s existence (e.g., the apparent design and beauty of the universe, the existence of other sentient beings, the almost universal acceptance of some degree of objective morality, etc.). In light of her awareness of, and access to, this potential evidence, she would be considered:

Question 19

If Jacob thinks there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of God, especially in light of what he thinks is the apparent design and fine‑tuning of the universe, but John claims that the obvious existence of evil argues against the rationality of Jacob’s belief in the existence of God, then John has

Question 20

Coherentism is a position in epistemic justification which holds that

Question 1 3 out of 3 points

According to externalism one must be aware of whether his cognitive processes are functioning properly or not.

Question 2 3 out of 3 points

Coherentism holds that some beliefs are more foundational than others.

Question 3 3 out of 3 points

The motivation behind internalism is:

Question 4 3 out of 3 points

The motivation behind externalism is:

It seems intuitively to be the way we normally form beliefs

Question 5 3 out of 3 points

The answers to the skeptical challenge suggested in the pointecast presentation include:

Question 6 3 out of 3 points

Aristotle said that virtue is the “mean between two vices, one of excess and one of deficiency.”

Question 7 3 out of 3 points

Carefulness is an intellectual virtue that helps us:

Question 8 3 out of 3 points

Virtue epistemologists think that intellectual virtues might helps us with the Gettier problem by:

Question 9 3 out of 3 points

Aristotle’s notion of happiness focused on:

Question 10 3 out of 3 points

The intellectual virtue of studiousness leads one to seek knowledge with the right kind of motives and desires.

Question 11 3 out of 3 points

When Descartes employs systematic doubt against the beliefs he holds, he discovers that:

Question 12

3 out of 3 points

Rather than having certainty about our beliefs, it is more likely that we have varying degrees of rational support for our beliefs.

Question 13 3 out of 3 points

One reason why certainty in knowledge is not likely a reasonable alternative to unmitigated skepticism is because

Question 14 3 out of 3 points

Among some of the reasons why unmitigated skepticism is difficult for a person to consistently hold as a serious philosophical position is because

Question 15 3 out of 3 points

Sextus Empiricus adopted a version of Pyhrro’s skepticism mainly because he believed that

Question 16 3 out of 3 points

While Clifford’s form of evidentialism may have its difficulties, most contemporary epistemologists agree that it is, at the very least, not a selfdefeating position, and this is part of what makes it a good option for epistemic justification.

Question 17 3 out of 3 points

If Jacob thinks there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of God, especially in light of what he thinks is the apparent design and finetuning of the universe, but John claims that the obvious existence of evil argues against the rationality of Jacob’s belief in the existence of God, then John has

Question 18

Coherentism is a position in epistemic justification which holds that

Question 19

Select the one below that does NOT belong : The justification of one’s beliefs is a matter that deals with

Question 20 3 out of 3 points

Ginger believes that the dog she sees in her neighbor’s back yard is her own Labrador Retriever named Sam. Since there are no other Labrador Retrievers in the neighborhood fitting the same description as Sam, and since the dog Ginger sees in her neighbor’s yard seems to recognize Ginger’s voice when she calls out to it, Ginger quite naturally believes the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is her dog Sam. It turns out, however, that the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is in fact not Ginger’s dog but the Labrador of a visiting relative of her neighbor. On an internalist account of justification, since it turns out not to be true that Ginger saw her dog Sam in her neighbor’s back yard, Ginger was not justified in believing it was her own dog in the first place.

Question 1 The areas on knowledge that Descartes doubted include:

Question 2 Clifford was a:

Question 3 Karen says she doesn’t believe that you can ever have real knowledge. When asked if she claims to know that as a fact, she says no, but she believes that is the case. What category would you place her in:

Question 4 A major criticism that internalism raises against externalism is:

Question 5 David Hume was a:

Question 6 Thomas Aquinas thought that moral and intellectual virtues were closely related.

Question 7 For Aristotle, the “Golden Mean” points to fixed and universal ethical norms for all people to follow.

Question 8 Intellectual courage helps us to:

Question 9 Being intellectually virtuous helps us to avoid common mistakes in our thinking that keeps us from knowledge.

Question 10 Aristotle thought that the virtues are present naturally in all people.

Question 11 If skepticism is an indefensible philosophical position to hold, then by the process of elimination, epistemic certainty is the only reasonable alternative.

Question 12 Robert is a scientist who firmly believes in empirical truths and the physical laws of causality (e.g. when he builds a fire in his fireplace, it will produce heat), but he expresses serious reservations about the rational credibility of whether there are objective moral virtues, such as goodness, or whether such a being as the traditional God of theism does in fact exist. In such a case, Robert is expressing a form of

Question 13 To suggest that we should suspend all judgments about any claim to knowledge, is to suggest a softer and mitigated form of skepticism in contrast to its more unmitigated expressions.

Question 14 When Descartes employs systematic doubt against the beliefs he holds, he discovers that:

Question 15 Among some of the reasons why unmitigated skepticism is difficult for a person to consistently hold as a serious philosophical position is because

Question 16 If Jacob thinks there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of God, especially in light of what he thinks is the apparent design and fine­tuning of the universe, but John claims that the obvious existence of evil argues against the rationality of Jacob’s belief in the existence of God, then John has

Question 17 If an individual is an externalist in terms of epistemic warrant, then that person thinks that

Question 18 Select the one below that is NOT a difficulty with W.K. Clifford’s approach to evidentialism

Question 19 Ginger believes that the dog she sees in her neighbor’s back yard is her own Labrador Retriever named Sam. Since there are no other Labrador Retrievers in the neighborhood fitting the same description as Sam, and since the dog Ginger sees in her neighbor’s yard seems to recognize Ginger’s voice when she calls out to it, Ginger quite naturally believes the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is her dog Sam. It turns out, however, that the dog in her neighbor’s back yard is in fact not Ginger’s dog but the Labrador of a visiting relative of her neighbor. On an internalist account of justification, since it turns out not to be true that Ginger saw her dog Sam in her neighbor’s back yard, Ginger was not justified in believing it was her own dog in the first place.

Question 20 While Clifford’s form of evidentialism may have its difficulties, most contemporary epistemologists agree that it is, at the very least, not a self­defeating position, and this is part of what makes it a good option for epistemic justification.

Question 1 Coherentism holds that some beliefs are more foundational than others.

Question 2 A major criticism that internalism raises against externalism is:

Question 3 Clifford was a:

Question 4 When considering our noetic structure we recognize that we hold beliefs in varying degrees of strength.

Question 5 To say that a belief is defeasible is to say;

Question 6 The intellectual virtue of humility can be described as the mean between:

Question 7 For Aristotle, the “Golden Mean” points to fixed and universal ethical norms for all people to follow.

Question 8 Aristotle thought that the virtues are present naturally in all people.

Question 9 Which is not one of the ways that Wood says moral and intellectual virtues parallel each other?

Question 10 Being intellectually virtuous helps us to avoid common mistakes in our thinking that keeps us from knowledge.

Question 11 Rather than having certainty about our beliefs, it is more likely that we have varying degrees of rational support for our beliefs.

Question 12 According to Dew and Foreman, most rational people believe that it is extremely rarely for our senses to mislead us.

Question 13 When the used car salesman tells Steve that the particular car he is considering purchasing has less than fifteen thousand actual miles on it, Steve is, quite naturally, a bit skeptical about this claim, particularly since the car is over ten years old and looks a little worse for wear. In exhibiting this level of doubt, Steve is expressing:

Question 14 Hume thinks that, while we may assume connections of causality (i.e., every event has a cause), we never actually perceive a necessary connection of causality and therefore we cannot know a causal connection has actually occurred.

Question 15 One of the factors that fuels skepticism is our inability to demonstrate epistemic certainty about many of the beliefs we think are true.

Question 16 Select the one below that is NOT a difficulty with W.K. Clifford’s approach to evidentialism

Question 17 Coherentism in epistemology is a position which holds that a particular belief is justified for a person so long as that belief is consistent with everything else that person holds to be true.

Question 18 If an individual is an externalist in terms of epistemic warrant, then that person thinks that

Question 19 Those holding to some form of externalism in rationality tend to argue that, since it is impossible for persons to have any cognitive access to the reasons and evidence that support some of a person’s beliefs, internalists cannot be right with respect to their account of justification for all beliefs.

Question 20 According to reliabilism, in order for a person’s belief to be rational, that person must at least:

Question 1 Christopher Columbus was convinced that he discovered a route to the East Indies because it lined up with his maps and the current beliefs of his day. However, he was wrong. This example demonstrates a problem with:

Question 2 The doxastic assumption is:

Question 3 When considering our noetic structure we recognize that we hold beliefs in varying degrees of strength.

Question 4 By “high accessibility requirements” the internalist means:

Question 5 The areas on knowledge that Descartes doubted include:

Question 6 Intellectual courage helps us to:

Question 7 Which is not one of the ways that Wood says moral and intellectual virtues parallel each other?

Question 8 Carefulness is an intellectual virtue that helps us:

Question 9 Discussions of vice and virtues tend to arise within which major area of philosophy?

Question 10 For Aristotle, the “Golden Mean” points to fixed and universal ethical norms for all people to follow.

Question 11 One of the factors that fuels skepticism is our inability to demonstrate epistemic certainty about many of the beliefs we think are true.

Question 12 If Robert thinks that the only way in this world for a person to know whether God exists is to have some kind of sensory experience of God, along with an active mind that is able to process, structure and arrange ones experiences in a way that makes sense to him, then Robert would be following Kant in thinking that:

Question 13 Rather than having certainty about our beliefs, it is more likely that we have varying degrees of rational support for our beliefs.

Question 14 Hume thinks that, while we may assume connections of causality (i.e., every event has a cause), we never actually perceive a necessary connection of causality and therefore we cannot know a causal connection has actually occurred.

Question 15 When Descartes employs systematic doubt against the beliefs he holds, he discovers that:

Question 16 According to reliabilism, in order for a person’s belief to be rational, that person must at least:

Question 17 If an individual is an externalist in terms of epistemic warrant, then that person thinks that

Question 18 Select the one below that does NOT belong: To suggest that a person’s approach to justification is internalist is to suggest that

Question 19 Select the one below that is NOT a difficulty with W.K. Clifford’s approach to evidentialism

Question 20 It is a commonly accepted fact that it is impossible to be certain about any belief

Question 1 By “high accessibility requirements” the internalist means:

Question 2 To say that a belief is defeasible is to say;

Question 3 Coherentism holds that some beliefs are more foundational than others.

Question 4 David Hume was a:

Question 5 The doxastic assumption is:

Question 6 Thomas Aquinas thought that moral and intellectual virtues were closely related.

Question 7 Aristotle’s notion of happiness focused on:

Question 8 Humility helps us fight against intellectual vices like pride and vanity that keep us from seeing the truth.

Question 9 Being intellectually virtuous helps us to avoid common mistakes in our thinking that keeps us from knowledge.

Question 10 Virtue epistemologists think that intellectual virtues might helps us with the Gettier problem by:

Question 11 To suggest that we should suspend all judgments about any claim to knowledge, is to suggest a softer and mitigated form of skepticism in contrast to its more unmitigated expressions.

Question 12 Rather than having certainty about our beliefs, it is more likely that we have varying degrees of rational support for our beliefs.

Question 13 When the used car salesman tells Steve that the particular car he is considering purchasing has less than fifteen thousand actual miles on it, Steve is, quite naturally, a bit skeptical about this claim, particularly since the car is over ten years old and looks a little worse for wear. In exhibiting this level of doubt, Steve is expressing:

Question 14 If skepticism is an indefensible philosophical position to hold, then by the process of elimination, epistemic certainty is the only reasonable alternative.

Question 15 What is the point of Descartes’ evil demon argument?

Question 16 Those holding to some form of externalism in rationality tend to argue that, since it is impossible for persons to have any cognitive access to the reasons and evidence that support some of a person’s beliefs, internalists cannot be right with respect to their account of justification for all beliefs.

Question 17 If Jacob thinks there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of God, especially in light of what he thinks is the apparent design and fine­tuning of the universe, but John claims that the obvious existence of evil argues against the rationality of Jacob’s belief in the existence of God, then John has

Question 18 Select the one below that does NOT belong: To suggest that a person’s approach to justification is internalist is to suggest that

Question 19 If a person thinks she has a moral responsibility to determine that any belief she holds is based on sufficient evidence, that is, evidence that strikes her as being based on indisputably good reasons or arguments, she is likely representing the epistemological position of

Question 20 Select the one below that is NOT a difficulty with W.K. Clifford’s approach to evidentialism

 

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Library Assignment. Due date 2/8/16

Critique a Research Article

A critique is a method of displaying a logical and organized analysis of a written or oral piece. Critique can provide the readers with both positive and negative outcomes depending on the author. The purpose of this assignment is for the student to perform a critique on a research article that deals with today’s health issues. In this paper the student must be diligent at what the author are claiming, taking into account the research methods being utilized and look for pros and cons of the researcher’s outcomes.

The assignment must be a minimal of five pages, excluding title page and references. The assignment must be strictly following APA guidelines, points will be deducted if otherwise. Do not use first person throughout the paper until the section called evaluate the paper.  It will be divided in the following manner:

                Title page: Give the name of the article, the authors name(s) and your name. Following APPA

                Introduction:

·         Provide an overview of the author’s research problem, research questions and main point including how the author supports his or her point.

·         Explain what the author initial          objectives (hypothesis) and results including the process he or she used to arrive at such conclusion.

Evaluate the Research Methods: in paragraph form answer the following:

·         Does the author provide a literature review?

·         Is the research current and relevant to today existing health issues?

·         Describe the research type utilized? – experimental, non-experimental, quasi experimental, etc.

·         Evaluate the sample (size, composition, or in the way the sample was selected in relation to the purpose of the study? Was the sample appropriate for the research or was it bias?

·          How practicaldoes this work seem to you? How does the author suggest research results could be applied and how do youbelieve they could be applied?

·          Could the study have been improved in your opinion? If so provide how you think it could have improved.

·          Is the writing in the article clear straightforward?

·          Can further research be conducted on this subject? Explain

Conclusion: In your conclusion, try to synthesize the pieces of your critique to emphasize your own main points about the author’s work, relating the researcher’s work to your own knowledge or to topics being discussed in your course.

Reference Page: APA style.

 This research will be run by turnitin. Plagiarism earns an automatic “F.”. Papers should have no more than 5 % similarity (turnitin).

 

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