Inductive reasoning is never-ending!

One interesting thing that we have learned about inductive inference is that it is never final. New information can come along to further strengthen or weaken an inductive inference. This exercise gives you some practice in seeing how inductive reasoning can be strengthened and weakened with new information.

Prepare: To prepare for this prompt take a look at Chapters 5 and 6 in our book, paying special attention to the section titled “Inductive Strength” (including the section “A Closer Look: Using Premises to Affect Inductive Strength”).

Reflect: Fine an inductive argument that occurs in some online source (make sure to cite the source) or think of one that you have heard used in your life. Consider its strength and how it might be strengthened or weakened in light of further information.

Write: Present an example of inductive reasoning. Comment on the strength of the inference. State a premise that could be added that, if true, would strengthen the inference. Now list another premise that could be added that would weaken it again. Now add another premise that could be added to strengthen it yet again. Continue this process even more times if you are enjoying the process and find it interesting.

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Black swans and Hildegard “Whole Wheat,” the notorious bread thief.

Inductive reasoning is never-ending because new information can challenge our heretofore strong conclusions. Consider: it used to be thought that all swans were white. “White” was part of the definition of swan. There was even a saying “very much like a black swan,” which meant “something that can’t exist.” It’s sort of like when we say “when pigs fly,” or it’s like a “square circle” –an impossibility. But then in the 16th century, Europe discovered the existence of Australia and with it, the existence of — you guessed it! — Black swans. Before Europeans knew black swans existed, their reasoning about the necessary whiteness of swans was strong. After the discovery of black swans, such reasoning became weak. 

This is the major difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. New evidence doesn’t threaten deductive reasoning like it does inductive reasoning. (But new evidence won’t improve deduction, either.) 

An example to help you with the prompt:

P1. I saw that lady take a loaf of bread without paying for it.

P2. Taking something without payment is stealing

P3. Stealing is a crime. 

P4. People who commit crimes are criminals

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C. That lady is a criminal

To strengthen the conclusion: The lady was purported to be the notorious bread thief, Hildegard “Whole Wheat” Smith. 

To weaken the conclusion: But! I heard from the baker that she prepaid for the loaf of bread yesterday, so she did not take it without payment, so she did not steal, so she is not a criminal. 

To strengthen the conclusion: But then! It turns out the money she gave was counterfeit money! So it wasn’t true payment, so it was stealing!

To weaken the conclusion: However! It turns out Hildegard’s bread thieving was part of a publicity stunt to raise money to fight poverty and hunger, and all bakers were truly compensated after the big reveal. 

To strengthen the conclusion: However! The lady I saw wasn’t Hildegard Whole Wheat, but someone impersonating her! 

See how this could go on and on forever? 

 

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This assignment requires you to analyze the network diagram for PureLand Wastewater and make specific recommendations to improve network security. Specifically, you must design zones and conduits as described in Chapter-9 of your text, establishing zones and conduits. Use the Network Security Improvement template for this assignment. The network security improvements you develop will be a part of your cyber security improvement plan.  Your assignment will be graded according to the rubric which can be viewed when clicking on the assignment link.

Assignment Resources:

• Textbook:
  • Industrial Network Security, 2nd Edition by: Joel Thomas Langill and Eric D. Knapp- Chapter 9

 

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(a) How many hours of cleaning service did each company provide to its clients?

(b) What is the average rate of pay per hour that each company pays its employees?

(c) Which company do you think uses larger facilities? Why do you think this is?

 (d)     One of the companies financed its start up by taking out a higher amount of bank loans than the other company. Which company do you think this was? Both companies are charged the same rate of interest by their banks.

(e) Why does PCS likely have higher other operating expenses than IMS?

(f) What is the most significant factor that makes PCS more profitable than IMS?

 

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Industry: banking 

I.    Cover page

       <insert APA formatted Cover page with title you submitted in topic paper>

Title: Executive Report for <Insert the name of your security program here>

II.  Report Content 

<the following sections must be discussed in your executive report>

You are required to use the previously selected “topic”, security issues, and impact to your industry to compile “a to c”  of the report.  The report should include the following topics.

1. Industry sector(Banking)

(You may rewrite and cite (to avoid self-plagiarism) some of the content from the topic description and the presentation. Before incorporating previous statements, be sure to make any suggested corrections reflected in your grade book).

1. Summary of a significant issue in your sector

(You may rewrite and cite (to avoid self-plagiarism) some of the content from the topic description and the presentation. Before incorporating previous statements, be sure to make any suggested corrections reflected in your grade book).

1. Summary of significant security impact on your selected industry

(You may rewrite and cite (to avoid self-plagiarism) some of the content from the topic description and the presentation. Before incorporating previous statements, be sure to make any suggested corrections reflected in your grade book).

1. Security mitigation 

Conduct further research to mitigate each of the issues (in item a to c above).  In no more than three paragraphs of between 150 and 300 words, explain the impact of the security issues.

The section should address:

1. Mitigation strategies for each security issues (from previous assignments) presented
2. Describe the security triad are you addressing
3. Identify at least 3 legal consideration for your industry with respect to implementing security measures for your industry

1. Recommendation for the implementation process

 III.     APA formatted “Reference” page <insert the APA formatted reference page>

• APA format with no less than three (3) academic references
• Do not use Wikipedia as reference

 

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