Fast Fashion and the Ethics of Low Cost Labor

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"I Xfinity Mobile LTE10: 12 AM8 17% [A online . warner . eduFast – Fashion and the Ethics of Low – Cost LaborWho wants to wait six months for runway looks to hit thestores ? In today’s fast- fashion world , six months is an eternity .Nearly extinct is the tradition of three luxurious fashion seasonsper year ( fall , spring , resort ) . Those seasons have been replacedby rock – bottom prices on 30 to 50 trend – driven cycles – per year .Consumers in the United States and Europe have embraced the*entire fast – fashion approach – inexpensive apparel and highturnover of designs . In fact , their shopping behaviors haveallowed companies like HEM and Zara to grow intointernational retailing behemoths .The speed of fast- fashion goes beyond the production cycle .Europe’s fast – fashion chains have grown faster than the retailfashion industry as a whole , partly because the combination oflow cost , fresh designs , and quick turnover is extremely*successful in fueling consumer demand . Fast- fashion companiesalso boast higher margins that those reported by their traditionalcounterparts – an average 16 percent compared to an average of7 percent . Undeniably , the application of planned obsolescence*to fashion has been financially successful .The fast – fashion approach is not without controversy , however ,particularly when it comes to outsourcing production .Companies like Benetton , Walmart , and Disney place hugeorders with off shore vendors who often cannot deliver the entire*order without enlisting the help of additional subcontractors .Unauthorized subcontracting is the end result , and brands don’talways know who is producing their products or where . PhilRobertson , deputy director of Human Rights Watch’s Asiadivision , affirms this , saying , " I’ve talked to Thai workers whoare three or four levels down from the original orders . If thebrands don’t know , they should know . A lot of them are turning*a blind eye to outsourcing . "One country that has grown from outsourcing in the garmentindustry is Bangladesh . With labor rates averaging $40 permonth , Bangladeshi garment workers are the cheapest around .( Compare that to approximately $120 per month on average forgarment workers in China . ) Those low labor costs have causedexplosive growth in the size and scope of the country’s garmentindustry . In 2005 , the country exported $6 . 9 billion worth ofclothing . By 2011 , that figure had risen to $19.9 billion , making*the Bangladesh the world’s third largest exporter of clothing*behind China and Italy .Makeshift garment factories have popped up all over

 

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The best estimate of the total contribution margin when 6,300 units are sold is:

Question:Iadanza Corporation is a wholesaler that sells a single product. Management has provided thefollowing cost data for two levels of monthly sales volume. The company sells the product for…

 

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are the unit 8 questions

• How can we describe growth that is continuous?
• What is the number e and why is it important?
• How can we solve equations involving exponential growth with the base e?

and the unit 10 questions

• How do transformations affect the graph of y=sin(x) and y=cos(x)?
• How can trigonometric functions be used to model real-world phenomena?
• How can we solve an equation involving a trigonometric function?

 

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IBM has $150 million of 10% sinking-fund debentures out- standing. The issue amortizes in equal annual amounts at the ends of years 10, 11, and 12. The firm can call the bonds at 103%. Its new issue rate is 8% for 10-year debt, 8.5% for 11-year debt, and 9% for 12-year debt. Its marginal income tax rate is 40%. Which sinking-fund amounts should the firm call?

 

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IBM Inc. is going to award a contract for fine-line pens to be used nationally in its offices.

Two suppliers, Bic and Pilot, have submitted bids. To determine the preference of office

employees, brokers, and others, a personal preference test is to be conducted using a

randomly selected sample of 20 employees. The .05 level of significance is to be used.

a. If the alternate hypothesis states that Bic is preferred over Pilot, is the sign test to be

conducted as a one-tailed or a two-tailed test? Explain.

b. As each of the sample members told the researchers his or her preference, a “” was

recorded if it was Bic and a “” if it was the Pilot fine-line pen. A count of the pluses

revealed that 12 employees preferred Bic, 5 preferred Pilot, and 3 were undecided.

What is n?

c. What is the decision rule in words?

d. What conclusion did you reach regarding pen preference? Explain.

 

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