I will pay for the following article Labor Supply and Demand Scenario. The work is to be 2 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The recent developments in the recording process of historical background and interview of patients in hospitals and clinics, of full details of cases handled by lawyers and law firms, and the actual handling of customer service and promotional sales of major companies, led to the uproar of outsourcing. In fact, international outsourcing has become a symbol of globalization.

Countries like India and Philippines have been experiencing great labor inflow from the destination countries like the United States and Europe. Outsourcing of services such as communications and transcriptions happen due to increasing returns to scale which agitates the re-allocation of labor through a change in the productivity of the service sector which in turn agitates the increase of salary of employees belonging to the semi-skilled labor sector. The latter sector constituted by men and women without reference to age and educational attainment, as long as they possess high quality of English proficiency and/or other foreign languages, depending on the destination countries.

This happens due to the decision of industrialized countries to concentrate on advanced technologies and thereby setting aside the communications side of their companies. Since the latter eats up much of the investment of companies, and considering further that citizens of these countries demand high salaries, international companies opted to shift this demand for labor to countries where salaries are relatively lower. Since outsourcing requires a fixed cost for communications, it is on salaries that companies limit on the cost.

If the communication cost is below than the critical level, outsourcing would increase the aggregate output of business service. Trade in business services increases the productivity of semi-skilled labor in the consumer service if the number of business partners is greater than the percentage increase on the fixed cost.

International trade in business services would increase the wage of semi-skilled labor by increasing the diversity of business sources. Its price is determined/set by the competitive condition.

This scenario led to the increase of salary scale of the semi-skilled labor which agitated the swift shift of both skilled and unskilled labor to semi-skilled, the former by lowering their standards as long as they earn, and the unskilled take extra efforts to learn in order to be able to suit the needs of companies handling outsourcing services.

This situation however appears to be temporary as continuous inflow of semi-skilled labor would cause a decrease in the salary scale, based on the theory of supply and demand. Oversupply of semi-skilled labor would send a signal to the outsourcing companies to lower their offer. Demand must be equivalent to endowment, the factor that determines the equilibrium number of business services. Hence, the higher the endowment, the greater diversity of business services is. The demand and supply of outsourcing service determines the price in equilibrium where the demand for such service is determinable by the income. In order to restore the equilibrium, the wage of unskilled labor should increase in the labor market.

 

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I will pay for the following article Lean Implementation at Oak Hill. The work is to be 1 page with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Lean Implementation and Supply Chain Development at Oak Hills Prof. Dave McCarthy Intro to Supply Chain Management 04/14 Monika Kotowska Christina DiPietro

Melissa Moreira

Jennifer Viernes

Samantha Chavanga

It is with no doubt that the distribution centers and manufacturing environments are changing and companies are looking for better opportunities to optimize people, processes and technology. Therefore, developing a competitive supply chain based on speed, innovation, and quality, to deal with unpredictable market conditions has become a vital part for most organizations.

Oak Hills facility is a unit of The Oil and Gas Services Company (TOGS) that produces testing equipment used in old and gas exploration. Oak Hills is currently experiencing an industry-wide recurring slump. Their current lead-time of domestic order for the testing equipment lies in between one to two weeks, with international orders yielding up to three months. Urgent requirement lies within the high costs associated with keeping the exploration idle – costing an average of $50,000 to $100,000 per day. In intending to reduce their lead-time to one week, as well as to increase operational efficiency, Oak Hills also plans to enhance customer service with the help of lean manufacturing techniques. Oak Hills level of inventory is much higher than necessary because of the high demand volatility and lack of vendor management.

The main issues that Oak Hills facility is facing are, employee related concerns, worn out machines, workload on quality department, the lack of quality checkpoints, and process inefficiency. All of which need to be solved before implanting the lean system. The lean system will help improve the processes and quality of the facility as well as lessen the wastage. However, employees are the key to this change. we need to change the current work environment to help boost the employee morale. Furthermore, machines and systems need to be updated in order to reduce waste of raw material and to save time and manpower. The management and employees at Oak Hills need to work together and communicate with one another in order to implement lean system successfully.

QUESTIONS

1. What are the specific quality problems Oak Hills is facing, and how will they influence the company’s ability to convert to a lean system?

There are four main quality problems that Oak Hills is facing are – Employees related concerns, damaged machines, Workload on quality department, and Lack of Quality.

Employee related fears: There is a lack of communication from management to employees regarding current lay-off’s due to the economy issues, which has diminished the employee morale. Additionally, issues of unfair bonuses pools are awarded on team basis, which employees are cross functionally trained, and are sometimes forced to assist other employees to complete the rush jobs.

Damaged machines: Oak Hills has been utilizing old worn-out machines for years in which are not up to par with current levels. This results in waste of raw materials and employee turmoil at work level creating negative impact on the company’s expenses and employee confidence.

Workload on quality department: The quality control department has been overloaded due to the fact that all seven units that are being used by the company are being started simultaneously, and all assemblers have to bring in their first boxes of the batch for quality assurance checks. Operating in this form will jeopardize the success of the quality control department and will result in many faulty products which in return can destroy the image of the company.

Lack of quality checkpoints: Oak Hills has a lack of quality checkpoints in which the company is not able to monitor the direction or the production of work in progress. The company does not perform quality checks when packing the products. this is only done during assembly. Therefore when products reach the customer in bad condition, Oak Hills cannot assign the faults to the correct department.

Oak Hills must ensure that these major issues become resolved before executing a lean system. Lean systems put into consideration a practice of zero wastage with improvement in processes and quality. The key individuals to conduct this change are the employees. in the current situation it might not be easy for the employees to accept the issue at hand easily — management must understand that quality is not for specific individuals only but both for the employees and management and help created an easy transition to guide employees into using this system by communicating and educating these changes.

2. What changes in the manufacturing environment need to be undertaken in order to convert the current system to a lean system? Think about this from both a short-term and a long-term perspective.

The changes that need to be made in the manufacturing environment are as follows:

Organization behavior: The lean system is reliant on the coordination of efforts between employees and the management. For the company to conduct the lean system they have to make sure that the management and all the employees are able to embrace lean views and the technicalities of the system. Management has to implement a proper information system that enables the employees to learn more about the system.

Connect with customers/suppliers: While Oak Hills is considering reducing the lead-time to one week, it is very crucial for the company to make sure it has constant communication with its suppliers and customers. The company should have real-time data on drilling projects and the various project information of their internal customers such as E&E and Triangle. This not only sorts their short-term problems, but will set them up for the long run.

Structure every activity and simplify the workflow: This procedure is very important in the sense that it focuses attention on production processes of the company. The productions manager should establish a proper system through which orders can be placed directly to avoid frantic disruptions of the work schedule.

Begin improvements: There are many improvements that the company has to consider, improvements like the quality of the product, reduction of raw materials, and product wastes. It goes into line with the lean system viewpoint that dictates zero wastage.

For Oak Hills to maintain excellence and process development that aligns with the lean system in long term, the important aspects is change that has to be put into place by leadership and create lean system thinking. The company has to be positioned in the lean system processes to be able sustain the quality in the long run.

3. How will the implementation of lean system impact employees, and what can be done to smooth the transition?

Implementing a Lean system does not dictate a specific result only outcome. it focuses on changes within all dimensions of the organization. This system begins with compliance and changes in overall views by the organizations employees, therefore, impacting internal sectors of the organization in several ways.

Team Dynamics:

Lean systems require multifunctional teams with rotational team leadership in order to include all involved. Currently, Oak Hills has established this system in its shipping department comprising a team of four men – the deliverer, assembler, assistant, and packer. However, some implementing to this system must occur. It is stated that although rotational duties exist amongst individuals, overall bonuses were team based, negating the fact that these members are involved in more than just one team. Rewards must then be considered for not only teamwork, but according to each task a single employee is responsible for successfully executing. This will create more productivity from its employees while reducing stress. Furthermore, in order for this system to become a successful mechanism within the organization, it must be integrated throughout the firm in its entirety, having all employees possess multifunctional skills.

Employee education/communication:

To achieve superior results and to entice a smooth transition, employees must receive appropriate education and training. Without this, employees will fail to posses skills needed to create value within the organization. Another major factor needed at Oak Hill, is trust and communication among team members and supervisors. Currently, no such connection exists between all departments. Rumors of impending mergers and lack of communication from management has dampened employee morale, provoking fears of unemployment. Employees must be aware of all issues and opportunities that exist within the company, and be able to embrace lean views in order to keep the organization functioning smoothly.

Overall, Oak hills management must implement these changes in methods including and involving all employees. Communication seems to be the leading factor to which failure seems to plague operations. Oak hills must keep all employees informed about changes and benefits. The implementation of Lean system will enable employees to become relieved of the stress by rush orders, and will create benefits and rewards as incentives to all employees for maximizing results leading to smoother operations across the company.

4. At what stage in the development of a supply chain is Oak Hills, and what can be done to improve the supply chain?

It is evident that a proper supply chain network does not yet exist at Oak Hills. Large volume foreign orders yielding lead times of up to three months, as well as many erratic Exploration and Extraction unit (E&E) domestic orders leading to rush jobs seems to be a continuing occurrence for Oak hills. The current relationship with the Exploration and Extraction unit (E&E) is scarce, preventing any accurate demand forecasting opportunities causing Oak hills plant an inventory turnover of only five times annually, prompting high inventory holding costs, delivery costs, and overtime pay associated with expediting orders. In addition, Black Dome, a manufacturing company supplying Oak hill its sensor board needs, lacks in on-time delivery creating late deliveries and rescheduling problems for Oak hills and E&E.

In order to repair these issues and strengthen the supply chain connection between all involved, Oak hills must adopt a practice of supply chain integration, using proper direct communication channels providing Oak hills with information concerning any current or impending projects by Exploration and Extraction unit (E&E). This will enable forecasting demands of testing instruments, and reduce all costs associated with rush orders as well as the amount of raw material inventory held onsite for unexpected orders. In addition, Oak Hills enlists of Materials Requirements Planning System (MRP), but must utilize this system entirely to schedule and manage with Black Dome the production planning and requirement planning to eliminate late deliveries and rescheduling.

5. For Oak Hills, what is the connection between demand management and the supply chain?

Demand management is directly linked to supply chain management because it involves prioritizing demand when supply is lacking. Proper demand management facilitates planning and use of resources for profitable results. Oak Hill is facing issues with the constant demand that continuously fluctuates causing many consequences. One of these consequences is a demand issue that Oak Hills is not updated with information of current or upcoming projects of its customers causing them to deal with rush order jobs. In order for them to complete orders on time, they must keep inventory levels high causing increased holding costs. Other than holding costs there are other issues associated with the demand unpredictability of Oak Hills orders such as delivery costs and overtime costs.

Lean system is powerful in reducing waste but Oak Hills must manage supply chain communication on its own because lean manufacturing does not guarantee to fix the demand dilemma. Supply chain management can be used in this situation by creating a production schedule. If Oak Hills receives details of its clients including Exploration and Extraction unit (E&E) projects, it can then schedule the production process, leading to decreased inventory costs.

6.What should Oak Hills do? What problems might occur in implementing your recommendations, and how can these problems be avoided or neutralized?

Implementing lean manufacturing can solve some of the issues involving the production process, but it can raise some issues within the company as well. One factor to be considered is that it is normally difficult for people to accept change. The way to get people to accept change is by communicating to stakeholders, clients, and employees the benefits of a lean system before implementing it. Once they have knowledge on the topic, this will allow them to accept the new change. Another problem that needs to be considered is the cost of implementing the lean system. Changing the process and techniques will cost money but management will need to be convinced about all the profits that will occur if they accept lean manufacturing. In the end, Oak Hills will encounter some issues while implementing the lean system but these issues can be resolved with communication.

Conclusion/ Recommendations

Based on the analysis, the Oak Hills facility needs urgent and strategic solutions to its challenges: the findings show that the facility’s product lines are not well managed due to little information about the current and impending Exploration and Extraction (E&E) projects, the costs of inventory holding and overtime pay is contributing to high overhead costs. The employee morale is low, hence poor customer service. demand is unpredictable, poor management of quality and workflow in the production system. There is wastage due to defects in the production system, caused by worn out machinery. The problems are not only in the production process, it is clear that the employees are not properly motivated due to poor communication, and a poor reward system. Employees should be aware of what is going on, they should be properly trained, and they should be compensated based on their input and effectiveness. this will increase employee morale, as well as their productivity levels.

In order to have a smooth transition into the lean system, it advisable that management communicates the change to all the stakeholders in the supply chain, including employees. Oak Hills facility has little knowledge of upcoming projects of the E&E units in its supply chain. the public relations and marketing departments should employ supply chain integration to ensure that they are in directly contact with the project managers of their customers and everyone in the supply chain. Using this information, they can be able to plan better for real time drilling projects, thus reducing the number of rush orders (demand management). The MRP system should also be implemented in the ordering of cases from Black Dome and Precision Milling to reduce the inventory holding costs, and the delays that occur. The worn out machinery in the production process, especially the assembly presses should be refurbished or replaced. This will help in reduce wastage in the production process due to product defects.

Reference

Shankar, Venkatesh . “Integrating Demand and Supply Chain Management.”http://www.pearsoned.ca.N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Apr. 2014..

 

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I will pay for the following article Listening to a radio program relevant to some of our class readings and discussions and providing a corresponding write-up of the program. The work is to be 5 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The more education one has, the more money he/she is likely to earn. Families comprising of two uneducated couples are likely to suffer poverty and at the end bring up poor children who have less opportunities for education and work (Carbone 22).

Women in America have been provided with the opportunity to pursue careers outside the home. Educated women in this perspective earn a better pay. While this actually reduces the difference, changes incurred in men’s earning depending on their education are the major causes of the rising income inequality.

There is the issue of moral decline. In this case, women have abandoned their culture which directs them to their responsibilities as house wives. In the contemporary society, both men and women are competing for various opportunities. In some cases, women are found to secure higher opportunities than their male spouses. This develops a feeling of independence within the woman and thus leading to the family breakup.

This program analyses the grand dynamics that lead to the accumulation and the distribution of capital among families within the U.S. Inequality and the concentration of wealth as well as the prospects for economic growth are key values that lie in the hearts of the political economy. According to Piketty, the modern growth in economy and the diffusion of knowledge has diminished inequalities. However, extreme inequalities are feared to arise as a result of the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the economic growth rate in the contemporary society (Piketty 25).

The most striking issue on this regards the remarkable break witnessed in the years between 1914 and 1945. Considering this period, there developed an impression that capitalism was becoming more democratic. The inherited wealth was no longer the matter behind an individual’s ability and position in the hierarchy of social-economic.

 

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I will pay for the following article Looking at Covenants Licences and Leases. The work is to be 11 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. Addressing the issue of privity of contract first it can be noted that as Target And Leslie PLC are the original parties to the contract there is both privity of contract1 and privity of estate between the parties. When Target assigned the lease to Ace he created a new relationship between Ace and Leslie Plc. As there is no contractual relationship between Ace and Leslie the relationship between these would only be one of privity of estate. Likewise when Leslie Plc sold the property to Rake the relationship between Rake and Target or Rake and Ace would only exist as privity of estate3 as there is no contractual relationship between these parties. The sublet of part of the property to Simon creates neither privity of estate nor privity of contract as there was no agreement with Rake to allow this sublet. As there is no privity of estate between Rake and Simon Rake cannot force Simon to adhere to the covenants.

The case of R v Tottenham and District Rent Tribunal Ex p. Northfield (Highgate) [1957]6 gives rise to the implication that where a privity of contract exists all covenants are binding whereas the case of Pacific Wash-a-Matic v RO Booth Holdings [1978]7 would appear to suggest under privity of estate only the covenants which are regarded as typically part of the landlord and tenant relationship will be bound8. The burden and benefit of covenants where there is the only privity of the estate only cover covenants that touch and concern the land as were decided in Spencers Case (1585).

Having discussed the relationships of the parties and established with whom there is privity of estate and privity of contract and with whom there is neither it is necessary to examine the circumstances when the burden and the benefits pass with the assignment. For completeness, it is important to consider the position if the lease had been created before 1996 as well as the&nbsp.position for leases created after this date.&nbsp.

 

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I will pay for the following article Low Fell Engineering Ltd. The work is to be 5 pages with three to five sources, with in-text citations and a reference page. The company has outperformed the industry with respect to return on equity as it might be operating efficiently as compared to other companies.

The current ratio measures a company’s ability to pay short term obligations of its creditors when they are due. Low Fell Engineering has a slightly better current ratio than the company thus it gives a good impression to the investors who are willing to invest in the stock of the company.

The acid test ratio is similar to the current ratio but it does not incorporate the Cost of inventory or stocks since it considers them to be the least liquid. The acid test ration of Low Fell Engineering is also better than the industry standards signifying that they have a strong ability to meet their short term dues.

The stock turnover of the company is below the benchmark level and it has not been able to turn over its inventory as well as other companies which can be an overwhelming concern since it can increase the cost of inventory.

The company needs to be concerned about its low stock turnover which is increasing their cost of inventory and thus reducing their gross profit margin. To improve the turnover, they need to optimize their supply chain, make the production process lean and build a strong relationship with the suppliers or vendors. A good supplier enables to deliver stock in a timely and low-cost manner which can minimize the cost of sales (Bierley, 2008).

In a finance lease, the risk and ownership of the asset are transferred to the lessee (Pietersz, 2005). Therefore, at the end of the period, the lessee can sell the asset at the scrap Cost. Thus, in the case of a finance lease, the Cost of the machinery will be

Since the case does not explicitly mention that the lease is operating of finance therefore if we assume that it is a finance lease then it will be the most feasible option.&nbsp.

 

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