4-Clinical significance refers to that ability displayed by a treatment to enable a patient return to his or healthy state of body functioning. However, it differs from statistical significance in a sense that it is more objective i.e. it determines whether the prescribed treatment was able to achieve the intended purpose (Sedgwick, 2014). Statistical significance, though a determinant that was only used sometimes back is expressed as a variable meaning that it is never exact on whether the treatment recommended is going to restore a patient’s normality. It operates on the principle of probability.

The ultimate aim of the evidence-based practice project is to bring forth positive outcome. Incorporation of clinical significance can prove to be of great help in achieving this. Carrying out a clinical interpretation in the entire research process will be fundamental in ensuring that patient’s safety, as well as efficacy need, is put into consideration when it comes to decisions made. This will significantly enhance positive outcomes of the research work.

A critical evaluation of the research project by clinicians so as to qualify internal as well as external validity will trigger positive results. The employment of all these aspects of clinical significance will see to it that Evidence-based practice project becomes not only meaningful but also helpful to those seeking medical solutions to their unhealthy conditions.

References

Sedgwick, P. (2014). Clinical significance versus statistical significance. BMJ, 348, g2130-g2130. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2130

 

5-According to my memory about statistics, statistical significance is a result that is not attributed to chance. Meaning that the null hypothesis is true. Using p-value of less than 0.05 shows the rejection of the null hypothesis- a significant difference exists.

“Clinical significance is the practical importance of the treatment effect, whether it has a real, palpable, noticeable effect on daily life (Leyva De Los Rios, 2017).” It is the difference in patient care outcome.

We can use statistical significance in results for evidence-based practice. Then use the clinical significance to improve the patient care outcome. Collecting articles showing a significant difference in positive outcomes of care will be supporting evidence for the proposed project for a change of practice.

Leyva De Los Rios, C. (2017). Statistical significance vs. clinical significance. Retrieved from

https://www.students4bestevidence.net/statistical-significance-vs-clinical-significance/

 

 

6-understanding the statistics is very important in nursing. Learning how to measure outcomes in clinical practice is important. Collecting evidence-based practices is one thing, but collecting results from the outcomes is different. For example, evaluating how our practice affects pts is measured differently I think. We would have to create charts to show the improvement, right? Did your co-workers do a project like this yet? 

 

 

 

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4-One potential barrier to the success of my projet will be being able to keep children and their parents and caregivers is keeping them engaged long enough to see positive changes. Weight loss and management is a process and keeping with it can be trying. One way to combat this would be to check in periodically to provide encouragement and assess progress. A lack of trust in the process or not fully understanding the EBP can hinder healthcare professionals from continuing to adhere to the practice (Spallek et al., 2010). 

References

Spallek, H., Song, M., Polk, D. E., Bekhuis, T., Frantsve-Hawley, J., & Aravamudhan, K. (2010). Barriers to implementing evidence-based clinical guidelines: A survey of early adopters. J Evid Based Dent Pract., 195-206

 

 
 

5-Two potential barriers that might prevent the EBP change proposal from continuing to obtain the same required results are patients’ culture. Many times, nurses take for granted the patients culture and beliefs.  For example, in the Hispanic culture, men are considered weak if they asked for assistance; this can increase patient falls rates.  An additional barrier will be an Asian postpartum woman, who believes she needs to stay in bed rest for the first 40 days, making her a higher risk for falls, due to muscle weakness as well as prone to blood clots.
Another factor that will impact the  EBP change proposal is the staff knowledge toward fall and safety precautions. Safety education has a substantial impact on patients’ and staff safety.  Strategies to overcome these barriers would be patient and staff education and identifying patient culture barriers.

 

 

 

 
 

6-To continue to impact outcomes over time in ensuring practice change is making sure nursing educators or clinicians should inform the families of the right time and ways to take the drugs, and how to monitor the blood sugar. The family members or patients themselves should be taught how to make detailed record every time after testing blood sugar. For patients that are on long term medications , they should be taught and encouraged to take insulin subcutaneous injections on time, to avoid elevated blood glucose and problems such as ketoacidosis due to belated drug use. Secondly , dietary education is considered for specific and individualized regimen for each patient . The patients with their families are informed of the importance of eating right in the whole process of treatment which will be achieved by following advice of nutritionists and cultivating a good dietetic habit. The concerns or barriers such as not taking drugs timely, healthy diets, keeping exercises, testing and recording the level of blood glucose are barriers that may prevent EBP change proposal. Periodic telephone follow-up should be made during 3 months after discharge from the hospital to explore the effects of family rehabilitation on patients especially children that are impacted by the disease.

 

 

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4-Explain each sampling technique discussed in the “Visual Learner: Statistics” in your own words, and give examples of when each technique would be appropriate

The visual learner statistics learner statistics include five different types of sampling techniques. They are simple random sampling, systematic sampling, convenience sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling.

Simple Random Sampling: In a simple random sampling, individuals are chosen at random and not more than once to prevent a bias that would negatively affect the validity of the result of the experiment. Individuals in the sample are given equal opportunity to be selected.

Stratified Sampling: The population is divided into two or more groups called strata that share common characteristics and deriving a sample from each different group. Example: Collecting the same set of data from college educated individuals, individuals with some college education, and data from individuals with no college experience.

Convenience sampling: Sampling a group of people that are readily available, an easy or convenient way to collect a sample. Example: Collecting a data on a group of patients that have an appointment with their doctor in a single day

Cluster sampling: Is a simple technique where the entire population is divided into groups or clusters and then a random sample of these clusters are selected. Example of use of this type of sampling would be to find out about city taxes in Maryland. It would be too difficult to get a random sample in the state of Maryland, so the researcher could use cluster sampling to get data from certain cities in Maryland and that would basically give them an idea of city taxes in Maryland.

Systematic sampling: In systematic sampling, the member of the population is selected randomly at a particular starting number. Example a researcher has a total population of 100 individuals. From the list, the researcher randomly selects the first sample elements from the K elements of the population list, thereafter every K element on the list is selected.

Reference

Alvi, M. (2016). A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research.

Moore D.S &McCabe (2013) Introduction to the practice of statistics  (5TH edition) Freeman and company New York.

  

5-I defiantly agree with you, Nurses as researchers need to find the right mix of sampling type that would be most appropriate first to the patients involved, secondly as to the particular dialysis if involved and future treatments, they must also be looking at the future growth of the profession and best practices before embarking with any type of sampling decision. Sampling bias and error is the end product of poor decision making involving sampling types

  

6-You did a great job explaining the types and forms of visual learning provided, I also opine that because population keeps getting wider and wider and there is a need to streamline it into manageable parts, the idea for types of sampling was birth. And the choice on the type is dependent on the researcher, the research basis and the population itself. Dr. James Lani of Complete Dissertation defines sampling as a “statistical procedure that is concerned with the selection of the individual observation; it helps us to make statistical inferences about the population”

References

James L (n.d) Sampling. Retrieved from http://www.statisticssolutions.com/sample-size-calculation-and-sample-size-justification/sampling/

 

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 What is the difference between a DNP and a PhD in nursing? Which of these would you choose to pursue if you decide to continue your education to the doctoral level? 

 

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