I need a 2 or 3 sentence comment for each paragraph

Paragraph 1

Healthcare has shifted from improving sanitation, to disease prevention, to health promotion. In “…the early 19th century, infectious diseases were widespread and difficult to contain largely because of the lack of proper sanitation methods, including insufficient disinfection of drinking water and improper removal of human waste. During this time, health was viewed in basic terms as being free of disease” (Falkner, 2018). However, there has been a shift in the definition of health, especially with healthcare focusing on improving access to primary and preventative health services. “The goal is to create a culture of health in which health promotion and disease prevention is the focus rather than seeking treatment after disease has set in” (Falkner, 2018). Nurses are always thinking about ways to get in front of a problem before a problem gets to a patient, and this is especially important when providing care with the improved vision on health promotion and disease prevention. Nurses should understand the provisions in Healthy People 2020: and nurses are pivotal in educating patients to take control of their health to maintain a healthy state and thus prevent disease. Wellness, which is the “State of well-being that is not necessarily equated with the absence of disease, ability to adapt, and continue to function and live life well are contributing factors to wellness” (Falkner, 2018), goes hand-in-hand with health. The hospital system I work for incorporates these concepts by providing more holistic options to patients and employees. For example, there are mediation stations throughout the hospital. Another example is in the ICU where I work; recently some of the nurses that I work with and me all found a ton of evidence-based research on the benefits of essential oils for critically ill patients. Now we have lavender oil and cardamom/grapefruit oil available on our unit and use them regularly in certain patients. We are currently running our own unit-based project to see if there is a decrease in sedation use when essential oils are on board. While it is crucial for nurses to continue to use evidence-based practice, it is exciting to be able to incorporate more holistic/wellness modalities in delivery of nursing care; especially because these more wellness-based modalities are becoming increasing studied and accepted in evidence-based practice. 

Paragraph 2

Traditionally, health was defined as the absence of illness with great emphasize on the role of clinical diagnosis and intervention. Early 1990s, the main cause of death were infectious diseases such as pneumonia, caused by viruses and bacteria. Therefore, the definition of health during the 1990s was based on freedom from illness. Due to medical advancement over the years, infectious diseases can be cured and prevented. The ensuing discussion describes the changes in the concept of health. With the control of infectious diseases, in modern days the main cause of poor health is life-styles (Polsen & Borui, 2015). Therefore, the concept of heath has shifted its focus from illness to wellness, a positive broad health approach that includes intellectual, social, physical, and emotional well-being. Wellness refers to putting more effort to live your life to the fullest potential and conducting activities that prevent diseases. Overall wellness is an active process of change to enhance complete physical, social, and mental wellbeing. Traditionally, health was considered the opposite of illness, therefore, people were concerned with treating diseases rather than promoting health. World Health Organization changed the view of health from disease to a full life perspective. Thus, health promotion has become a priority in the modern society. Currently, health promotion encompasses efforts to promote health while preventing injuries and diseases through education, good working conditions, and policies that facilitate a healthy lifestyle. Nurses need to implement health interventions through evidence-based practices because these practices foster for efficient, effective and safeness in the health sector. Nurse’s aims to improve caregiving and enhance high quality intended patient’s outcomes through evidence-based practice (Steven, 2013). In conclusion, the concept of health and health promotion has transformed over time due to the changes in the predisposing conditions. Traditionally, the concept of health was concerned with treating illness, however, this increased the incidence of infectious diseases. Due to the high incidence of infectious diseases, the concept of health changed into the state of well-being and promoting health.

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What are the methods a nurse can use to gather cultural information from patients? How does cultural competence relate to better patient care? Discuss the ways in which a nurse demonstrates cultural competency in nursing practice.

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Health Promotion in Minority Populations

Select an ethnic minority group that is represented in the United States (American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander). Using health information available from Healthy People, the CDC, and other relevant government websites, analyze the health status for this group.

In a paper of 1,000-1,250 words, compare and contrast the health status of your selected minority group to the national average. Include the following:

1. Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group?
2. What are the health disparities that exist for this group? What are the nutritional challenges for this group?
3. Discuss the barriers to health for this group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors.
4. What health promotion activities are often practiced by this group?  
5. Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective in a care plan given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice.
6. What cultural beliefs or practices must be considered when creating a care plan? What cultural theory or model would be best to support culturally competent health promotion for this population? Why?

Cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and public health content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, abstract is not required.

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In this assignment, you will be writing a 1,000-1,250-word essay describing the differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice. To complete this assignment, do the following:

Select an issue from the following list: nursing shortage and nurse turn-over, nurse staffing ratios, unit closures and restructuring, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurses), continuous quality improvement and patient satisfaction, and magnet designation.

Compare and contrast how you would expect nursing leaders and managers to approach your selected issue. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings.

Identify the approach that best fits your personal and professional philosophy of nursing and explain why the approach is suited to your personal leadership style.

Use at least two references other than your text and those provided in the course.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

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In this assignment, students will pull together the change proposal project components they have been working on throughout the course to create a proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the course. At the conclusion of this project, the student will be able to apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future practice.

Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal:

1. Background
2. Problem statement
3. Purpose of the change proposal
4. PICOT
5. Literature search strategy employed
6. Evaluation of the literature
7. Applicable change or nursing theory utilized
8. Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures
9. Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome
10. Appendix section, if tables, graphs, surveys, educational materials, etc. are created

Review the feedback from your instructor on the Topic 3 assignment, PICOT Statement Paper, and Topic 6 assignment, Literature Review. Use the feedback to make appropriate revisions to the portfolio components before submitting.

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