1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19096795

/in /by

  

1-Principalism, also known as the four-principal approach for ethical decision-making, focuses on the common ground moral principles.  I would rank the importance of these four principles as the following:

  1. Nonmaleficence      − A principle requiring that people not cause harm to others. Harm and its      effects are considerations and part of the ethical decision-making      process.
  2. Beneficence      − A group of principles requiring that people prevent harm, provide      benefits, and balance benefits against risks and costs. A nurse’s actions      should promote good and do what is best for their patient.
  3. Respect      for autonomy − A principle that requires respect for the decision making      capacities of autonomous persons. Acknowledges a person’s right to take      actions based on their values and beliefs.
  4. Justice      − A group of principles requiring fair distribution of benefits, risks and      costs. To treat others equally.

The Christian Narrative consists of four parts: creation, fall, redemption, and restoration. Regardless of the religion you choose to follow, there is nothing that exists that does not have God as its creator. (GCU, 2015)

I believe the four principles would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative as:

  1. Respect      for autonomy
  2. Beneficence
  3. Nonmaleficence
  4. Justice

References:

Lecture 3 Notes. GCU. 2015

Principles of medical ethics. Retrieved from (2018): https://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Ethics.html

 

2-You’ve defined utilitarianism correctly as the view that leads us to act in ways that produce the best outcome for the most people.  But, as I read your last statement, it may sound as though the actions that we should really allow ourselves to pursue are those that provide the best outcome for our own happiness.  Opposite of utilitarianism, we call this Ethical Egoism, meaning that we make ethical decisions based on how the outcome affects us individually.  I don’t mean to imply that you intended that contradiction.  I simply think its worth noting that although we want the best for all, we often find that we want the best outcome for ourselves first.  Even the best intentions are often driven by the pursuit of own good.

How would you advise another nurse who is faced with a decision that he/she believed would produce the most good for the most people but, with closer reflection, it is apparent that it would serve their own good more, or at least before others?

Dr. Smartt

 

 
 

3-The principle of Justice in health care is usually defined as a form of fairness, or as Aristotle once said, “giving to each that which is his due.” It is generally held that persons who are equals should qualify for equal treatment. This is borne out in the application of Medicare, which is available to all persons over the age of 65 years. This category of persons is equal with respect to this one factor, their age, but the criteria chosen says nothing about need or other noteworthy factors about the persons in this category.

                                                                              Reference:

Grand Canyon University.  (2015).  Lecture 3 PHI 413V.  Retrieved from https://lc-ugrad3.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?currentTopicname=&viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=a788df13-3e3d-4f98-83d7-029c35f3f96c&contentId=7c6bddaa-839a-46a4-b020-48f1f8451ce9&

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19127571

/in /by

  

 
 

1-Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun, sunlamps, and tanning booths. It causes early aging of the skin that can lead to skin cancer. People of all ages and skin tones should limit the amount of time they spend in the sun, especially between mid-morning and late afternoon, and avoid other sources of UV radiation, such as tanning beds. It is important to keep in mind that UV radiation is reflected by sand, water, snow, and ice and can go through windshields and windows. Even though skin cancer is more common among people with a light skin tone, people of all skin tones can develop skin cancer, including those with dark skin. Wear a hat with a wide brim all around that shades your face, neck, and ears. Wear sunglasses that block UV radiation to protect the skin around eyes. Wear long sleeves and long pants. Tightly woven, dark fabrics are best. Some fabrics are rated with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The higher the rating, the greater the protection from sunlight. Use sunscreen products with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Ionizing radiation can cause cell damage that leads to cancer.

Reference:

Sunlight and ionizing radiation. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521879/

 

 
 

2-Educating a person with life style modification (smoking, excessive body weight, safe work place) and removing the factors that can predispose to different types of cancer can enhance the layperson exposure and awareness to the disease. But one point is not clear to me, how can physical inactivity be a predisposing factor to cancer?

3-Modifiable risk factors are a risk factors to cancer, that a person can control them (NCI, 2017). Cancer can be caused by environmental factors, diet and life style however our knowledge to the modifiable risk factors can impact for cancer exposure. Some of the modifiable risk factors for lung cancer are smoking, workplace risk factors, radon etc. so I would educate and recommend my patient to avoid those risk factors. For instance, quitting smoking can decrease the exposure to lung cancer. To do so smokers need advice from experts (counselor) on how to quit smoking such as the use of nicotine replacement products and antidepressants therapy. A person who quits smoking for 10 years can lowers his/her risk of developing lung cancer by 30% to 50% (NCI, 2017).

A safe work place is a work place environment without chemicals that can cause to lung cancer such as asbestos, arsenic, nickel and chromium. In addition to that a work place should be smoke free to avoid secondhand smoke. Prevent high level of radon at your home for example on preventing leakage by sealing the basement (NCI, 2017).

Reference

National Cancer Institute (NCI) (2017) Lung Cancer Prevention (PDQ®)–Patient Version retrieved [online] from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq

 

4-, after reading your post I stopped to think about the link between nutrition/ lack of activity and cancer.  Cancer does not “run” in my family.  So there is definitely no chromosome issue that is being passed along.  For many, many generations back my ancestors have been farmers.  I even have family in North Carolina who were tobacco farmers.  They did not develop cancer.  I did have one second cousin contract brain cancer.  The doctor felt like it was caused by gasoline.  He was a garage attendant for many years as a teenager and young adult.  This was a time when you could get full service at the gas station.  Anyway, my point is ….i wonder if family after me will start to develop cancer as our society becomes more and more sedentary.  Everyone I know is still very active even though no one farms anymore.  We all have jobs that naturally have moderate activity built into it. Will my grand children become sedentary due to so much automation in our lives?  I guess we will see if things like this start to cause cancer in an otherwise healthy family.

 

5-Developing the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for developing cervical cancer. This is a group of over one hundred and fifty viruses that can cause symptoms such as warts. The virus can cause infections around the genitals, mouth, throat, and anus, spreading through unprotected sex. Sometimes the infections resolve on their own, but other times the infections can become chronic and lead to cell changes and cervical cancer. HPV can be prevented through the vaccine and practicing safe sex. It is also important to have regular pap smears (American Cancer Society, 2019). I would focus on educating my patients on the importance of reproductive health and seeing their gynecologist regularly. I would educate on the importance of safe sex practices and give vaccination education. 

Reference:

American Cancer Society. (2019). HPV and HPV treatment. Retrieved from 

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/infectious-agents/hpv/hpv-and-hpv-testing.html

 

6-I think it would be important to educate on the importance of eating healthy and moving everyday. The American Cancer Society website is a great resource to provide them with. They recommend staying lean and maintaining a healthy weight. They recommend that adults have one hundred and fifty minutes of moderate activity each week or seventy-five minutes of vigorous activity. They recommend limiting sedentary activity. They recommend limiting processed food, increasing fruits and vegetables, and choosing whole grain foods (American Cancer Society, 2019). I think all of these recommendations would be important to educate patients in order to decrease their risk of cancer. Even if some of these changes might be difficult for patients to make, if they could start to incorporate some of these behaviors, it could help to make a difference. 

References:  

American Cancer Society. (2019). Summary of the ACS g

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19144905

/in /by

  

 
 

1-, remarkable presentation, just to add on I would recommend the physician if he/she can consider treating the patient with hyper baric oxygen in order to increases oxygenation to the tissue, improves circulation and blood flow, to increase the ability of neutrophils to kill the Mucar and to decreases the pain and swelling.

Thank you

 
 

2-There really isn’t enough information to determine if this patient really warrants an ICU admission. Where I work, our Progressive Care Unit could most likely manage this patient. Depending on the presentation, such things to consider are vitals, face to face assessment data, respiratory efforts, heart rate and rhythm. The chest xray does show white out of the mid to lower left fields but is clear at the left apex and to the right. Hard to determine the appropriate level of care based on the limited data provided.

 

 
 

3-Hyperbaric oxygen would help this patient because hyperbaric therapy increases oxygenation to the tissue, improves circulation and blood flow, boosts white blood cells especially neutrophils, enhances effectiveness of antibiotics, and decreases pain and swelling

(Latham E., 2018). However, there is some precaution while taking this treatment “the fire hazard” because the use of oxygen is always high risk to fire explosion. so, any material that can explode fire is prohibited in the treatment room, for instance nurses must make sure that the patient is not using a hair spray, deodorant, electric devices or cigarette lighter and proper education should be given to the patient (Latham E., 2018).

Reference

Latham E. (2018) Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy retrieved [online] from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1464149-overview

 

4-I enjoyed reading your post. Over the years, I have had many diabetic patients that are diagnosed with pneumonia, but never with Mucor. You stated, “Mucor is most commonly found in uncontrolled diabetics, transplant patients, cancer patients, and others who are immunocompromised (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).” It is interesting to know that Mucor is commonly found in uncontrolled diabetics. However, I found that there have also been cases found in well controlled diabetics. According to Panigrahi,M., Manju,R., Kumar, S.V. & Toi, P.C. (2014) “Uncontrolled diabetes, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis, predisposes patients to the development of mucormycosis; however, cases have been described even in patients with well controlled diabetes mellitus.”

Panigrahi,M., Manju,R., Kumar, S.V. & Toi, P.C. (2014). Pulmonary Mucormycosis Presenting as Nonresolving Pneumonia in a Patient With Diabetes Mellitus. Retrieved  from http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/59/12/e201

 

5-I agree, a sputum or tissue sample like biopsy is needed to identify the fungal infection. However, amphotericin B, posaconazole or isavuconazole iv  are very effective treatments if started early and aggressively. In addition to this and an excision of the infected tissue or organ is also needed to save the rest of the tissue or organ and life as well. Nice post.

 

6- Nice post, I agree, once patient is on bed rest and NPO,  pantop and low molecular weight heparin needed to be started as gastric and  DVT prophylaxis. And this patient is going to be very unstable so needed to be admitted in ICU for monitoring and further management.

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19133263

/in /by

  

 
 

   1- We need to reassure Mrs. J to decrease her anxiety.  Lab work, chest x-ray and ECHO will be needed.  She will need a septic work-up and qualifies for a sepsis alert, however with signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure she may need an inotropic infusion instead of fluid bolus to correct her hypotension.  She may have developed pneumonia from the flu virus and could possibly have a pleural effusion.  The rationale for each of the medications ordered are as follows (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2015)

  1. Lasix      -for pulmonary edema – frothy blood-tinged sputum
  2. Enalapril      – an ACE inhibitor is given for heart failure; it works by decreasing      vascular resistance – watch for further hypotension
  3. Metoprolol      – a betablocker is for hypertension and heart failure; it slows the heart      rate and relaxes veins – again watch for hypotension
  4. IV      morphine is usually for pain, but in this case, it is for the anxiolytic      properties and vasodilation (Naito, Kohno, & Fukuda, 2017).

       Four cardiovascular conditions that cause heart failure are coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and congenital heart defects (American Heart Association [AHA], 2017).  One condition is coronary artery disease caused by fatty deposits and cholesterol that clog arteries.  This can lead to the arteries that feed heart muscle becoming closed off resulting in heart muscle damage.  Second, a myocardial infarction happens when an artery that feeds the heart muscle is blocked causing lack of oxygen.  This ultimately results in death of the muscle and pump failure.  The blockage can be from a blood clot that traveled to the heart or from arteriosclerosis.  Another condition is myocarditis.  It is caused by an infection that attacks the heart muscle resulting in pump failure.  Finally, congenital heart defects can result in heart failure because the heart is malformed.  The malformation makes the heart work harder and the blood may not flow in an efficient manner (AHA, 2017). 

    For the most part, being active and eating a healthy diet are important factors to reduce the risks of developing heart failure.  Taking prescribed medications are very important to help improve heart function and reduce the heart’s work load.  For congenital heart defects, the patient may need surgery to correct the malformation; or sometimes, a heart transplant may be required.

    For medication safety,

  1. Develop      an accurate medication list for your patient.  This medication list      should be in words the patient can understand and include the name, dose,      time for administration and the reason for each medication.       Encourage the patient to take ownership of her medications and keep the      list up to date.  Take it to every appointment no matter who the      doctor is.  Also, include any over the counter medications and check      for interactions with prescription medications.
  2. Have      the patient use only one pharmacy for all of her prescriptions.  The      pharmacist will be able to identify any risks or issues with      contraindications or double medications for the same disease.
  3. Have      your patient use a pill dispenser or other reminder system.  The pill      dispenser will not only keep the medications straight but will help the      patient know whether she took her medications for the day. 
  4. Ask      your patient to bring her medications (the actual bottles) at least once a      year for evaluations.  This will allow for evaluation of dosages,      expired medications, etc.  This will also allow you to help the      patient dispose of medications that are no longer used or needed.       This will prevent the patient from accidentally taking the wrong pills. 

References

American Heart Association. (2017). Causes of heart failure. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-failure/causes-and-risks-for-heart-failure/causes-of-heart-failure

Naito, K., Kohno, T., & Fukuda, K. (2017, July). Harmful impact of morphine use in acute heart failure. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 9(7), 1831-1834. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5542994/

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2015). Medline plus- trusted health information for you. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/druginformation.html

 

2-Your post is very knowledgeable and in thorough detail. As you have mentioned in your post about  Morphine , is a vasodilator and reduces the workload on the heart and improving blood flow to the heart. Morphine can help to slow the respirations and alleviate dyspnea and anxiety (WebMD, 2019 ). Morphine can be used for pulmonary edema, heart failure and in Myocardial infarction as well. I still remember MONA from nursing school stands for Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin and Aspirin treatments  for Myocardial Infarction.

 

3-Yes ! that is right, polypharmacy is a very serious  problem in elderly patients. They get easily confused over their medications. Even  with a little stress whether physical or mental, they easily get confused and start missing their meds or can consume too much to relieve their symptoms. Which will  leads them to very critical health issues. So it is health care professionals responsibility to educate them about all the medications they are taking. They should always have all the written information about all their medications and an emergency call number for help.

 
 

4-Ms. J is showing the symptoms of Acute bilateral ventricular heart failure and pulmonary edema (Copstead &  Banasik , 2013). Clinical signs of heart failure are an S3 heart sound and the PMI at the 6th Intercostal space, as normal is at the 5th  and this indicates a shift with the enlarged heart. Crackles in the lungs, + cough, frothy blood tinged sputum, hypoxemia, and dyspnea are signs of pulmonary edema and left sided failure.  The bilateral jugular vein distention and hepatomegaly are two signs of right sided failure. This patient is very critical but manageable and already admitted in Intensive care settings. My priorities would be oxygenate her ASAP and resume all stat medications to make her comfortable. As she is on room air and her SPO2 is 82% only. I will get an order from MD  to put her on “Non Invasive Ventilation” OR BIPAP and call RRT to initiate it right away. Initiating NIV, is a non-pharmacological approach may improve outcomes for patients with heart failure . With this NIV she needs to be sitting in  high fowler position and complete bed rest until stable, cardiac monitor, foley’s catheter insertion to monitor I & O strictly. She also needs to  send all her initial blood work for instance, elytes, CBC, cardiac enzymes and liver enzymes with blood culture.

Medically, she is given morphine and lasix which are perfect treatment for CHF and pulmonary edema. Lasix is a loop diuretic will increase her U/O which will decreases the preload or workload on the heart. She already has foley catheter to monitor her  output. Morphine is a vasodilator and reduces the workload on the heart and improving blood flow to the heart. Morphine can help to slow the respirations and alleviate dyspnea and anxiety (WebMD, 2019 ). She is getting Enalapril, is an ace inhibitor which works by relaxing blood vessels and decreasing blood volume which results in lowering the blood pressure and oxygen demand. Metoprolol is a beta blocker and improves the heart’s ability to relax, decreases heart rate and blocks stress hormones that can cause the heart to enlarge and weaken over time. If metoprolol does not help with her Afib, physician can also prescribe her an  Antiarrhythmic such as amiodarone 150 mgs bolus IV following with infusion as per standard protocol.Which is very effective for Afib. However, her BP is a kind of border line needs to be monitored. While she is on beta blocker or Antiarrhythmic. As she is on strict bed rest and she is already in uncontrolled Afib HR 132/ mnt she is at high risk of developing DVT. She needs Low molecular heparin, dose according to her weight as DVT prophylaxis. For being on BIPAP she needs to be NPO so that she does not aspirat her gastric contents. She also needs gastric prophylaxis to reduce gastric acid production such as ranitidine or pantoprazole.

Four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to congestive heart failure are Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, and valvular disorders. Coronary artery disease results primarily from atherosclerosis which causes a narrowing in the arterial lumen. This causes the heart to work harder and can result in risk for thrombus or myocardial infarction (American Heart Association, n.d.). Hypertension will cause an increase in pressure to the heart over time if uncontrolled and eventually the heart will weaken and not function (American heart Association, n.d.). These conditions can be improved by  educating patients on risk factors and lifestyle changes and by talking their prescribed medications on regular basis. Educating them on smoking cessation programs, healthy diet and maintain daily regular activity and maintain normal weight makes a difference in their treatment . People needs to learn that, being overweight can cause the heart to work harder than normal and cause sleep apnea too. People needs to be Educated on the long term effects of obesity and some ways to help with their weight loss.

Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide rationale for each of the interventions you recommend.

1. Help and teach the patient on keeping an exact record or a list of all  over the counter and herbal medications as well as all the vitamins and minerals that the patient is taking. So as to lessen the opportunity of MD’s requesting prescription that may have drug interaction.

2. Teach the patient on the significance of picking one primary  doctor so as to lessen polypharmacy.

3. Help and instruct the patient on guaranteeing appropriate dosage and recurrence are trailed by utilizing a medicine organizer.

4. Guarantee the patient is taught on every single new medications, indications, potential reactions and potential collaborations.

Reference :

American Heart Association (n.d.).  Causes and risk for heart failure. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org  

Copstead , L., &  Banasik , J.L. (2013).  Pathophysiology (5 th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders  

WebMD (2019).  Heart failure questions and answers.  Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com

 Reply  |  Quote & Reply 

Feb 18, 2019 06:45 PM0 Like

5-Strong work mentioning, strict i & o’s. This is an a really important aspect in heart failure patients to prevent further fluild overload. Mrs. J will  also need to be taught what her dry weight is, and the importance of taking her weight everyday upon discharge. 

 

 
 

6-Ms. J i s showing signs of biventricular heart failure (Copstead &  Banasik , 2013). Crackles in the lungs, + cough, frothy blood tinged sputum, hypoxemia, and dyspnea are signs of pulmonary edema and left sided failure. The bilateral jugular vein distention and hepatomegaly are two signs of right sided failure. Additional clinical signs of heart failure are an S3 heart sound and the PMI at the 6 th  Intercostal space, as normal is at the 5 th  and this indicates a shift with the enlarged heart.  

This patient is unstable which requires an Intensive care setting. Initial interventions would require addressing her hypoxia and dyspnea. Initiate oxygen due to her hypoxia per the physician order and adjust as needed to get her oximetry >90%. Place her in upright position in bed to help alleviate dyspnea. Administer ordered meds (IV Lasix and IV morphine) would be a priority. Cardiac monitoring is critical to monitor her hemodynamic status. Assess for cardiac output by assessing skin for temperature and color, mental status, urine output, and peripheral perfusion. Assess for clinical signs of improvement in her heart failure by auscultating lungs and heart and checking for any peripheral edema or jugular distention (Riley, 2015). Assessing this patient’s response to medications given and if her anxiety is reduced by the interventions. If not, then it would be important to discuss with the physician to order an antianxiety medication as well.  

Lasix, enalapril, metoprolol, and morphine are all used on this patient and are common for heart failure. Lasix is a diuretic and works to remove excess fluid from the body by increasing renal blood flow and blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption. This decreases the preload or workload on the heart. Enalapril is an ace inhibitor which works by relaxing blood vessels and decreasing blood volume which results in lowering the blood pressure and oxygen demand. Metoprolol is a beta blocker and improves the hearts ability to relax, decreases heart rate and blocks stress hormones that can cause the heart to enlarge and weaken over time. Morphine is a vasodilator and reduces the workload on the heart and improving blood flow to the heart. Morphine can help to slow the respirations and alleviate dyspnea and anxiety (WebMD,  2019  ) .  

Four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to congestive heart failure are Coronary Artery Disease, Hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, and valvular disorders. Coronary artery disease results primarily from atherosclerosis which causes a narrowing in the arterial lumen. This causes the heart to work harder and can result in risk for thrombus or myocardial infarction (American Heart Association, n.d.). Hypertension will cause an increase in pressure to the heart over time if uncontrolled and eventually the heart will weaken and not function as well (American heart Association, n.d.).   Inteventio s n to  both of these  conditions include educating on risk factors and lifestyle changes. Educate on smoking cessation programs, healthy diet and activity and taking meds such as antihypertensives and cholesterol lowering meds as prescribed. Myocardial infarctions  ( MI) are caused by a sudden blockage to the myocardium which can cause scarring and lead to  poor  functioning and result in ineffective pumping. Valvular disorders result from stenosis which is a decrease in blood flow or regurgitation when the valve fails to close properly. Educating people on the signs/symptoms of an MI and valve disorders are important for early detection and treatment.  

There are many risks to the elderly for taking multiple medications. The following are interventions I would suggest.  

  1. Instruct      patient to carry a list of medications including over the counter to all      physicians. Consulting physicians may not be aware of all the meds that      are prescribed by the other physicians.  
  2. Instruct      patient on all meds and side effects. Write out generic and brand name and      include dosage, frequency and reason to take.  
  3. Teach      patients or a family member to use a pill caddy to prefill weekly meds to      encourage compliance and that are correctly taking meds  
  4. Instruct      patients and families on risk to falls. Patient taking multiple meds are      at a higher risk to fall.  

Reference  

American Heart Association (n.d.).  Causes and risk for heart failure.  Retrieved from https://www.heart.org  

Copstead , L., &  Banasik , J.L. (2013).  Pathophysiology  (5 th  ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders  

Riley, J. (2015). Cardiac failure review.  The Key Roles for the Nurse in Acute Heart Failure  Management, 1 (2),  Retrieved from  https://www.cfrjournal.com/article  

WebMD (2019).  Heart failure questions and answers.  Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19153519

/in /by

  

1-Mr. C has a variety of health issues related to his obesity. He has an elevated fasting blood glucose which indicate that he could be diabetic, an A1C level should be drawn to follow up with that. He also has elevated triglycerides, normal levels for a male should be between 40-170, his is 312. His total cholesterol are elevated as well, which normal levels should be less than 200, and his is 250 (Comprehensive Guide to Normal Lab Values, 2019).  Keeping that in mind, he probably has high cholesterol diagnosis as well. His blood pressure is also elevated, which means that he needs more than just sodium restriction in his diet to control. Without him being on any medication, he is asking for a stroke in my opinion. Further education needs to be provided for him especially in needing to change his diet. Not only does he need to control his sodium intake, he also needs to monitor, carbs and sweets. 

Personally, I would not recommend bariatric surgery until I am convinced that he is ready for the change. I would recommend that he loses some weight first since it would be risky with him being obese, to even undergo anesthesia. 

  1. Health      perception- Mr. C has a poor general health as evidenced by his lab levels      and vitals. It seems that with his sedentary lifestyle, he is lacking      exercise which would be very beneficial for him at this point. He is      realizing that he needs help with his obesity and is considering bariatric      surgery, so that is a positive. 

Nutritional-Metobolic Pattern- It seems that with his high BMI, high HDL and cholesterol levels, he has a poor eating habits. He did mention that he attempts to control his blood pressure with sodium restriction. 

Elimination- This category was not discussed. 

Activity-Exercise Pattern- He works at a catalog telephone center, which means that he probably does not get much exercise with this job. He lives a sedentary lifestyle. 

Sleep-Rest Pattern- He mentioned that he has sleep apnea. 

Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern- He did not mention any cognitive deficits or hearing difficulties. He works at a telephone center so he must have good communication skills. 

Self perception- He did not mention much of his life outside of his job, so he may have low self-esteem associated with the obesity. 

Sexuality reproductive pattern- This was not discussed. 

Coping stress tolerance pattern- This was not discussed but he is seeking help with his obesity. 

Values Beliefs pattern- This was not discussed. 

  1. 5      problems- His sedentary lifestyle is a problem that needs to be addressed.      Mentioning that including even walking on his lunch break could make a      huge difference in losing weight. Him not being able to control his blood      pressure with just restricting sodium from his diet alone. With this high      of blood pressure and high cholesterol he is a major risk for a stroke, as      I mentioned above. Getting him started on medication would be crucial for      him. I would also address that sleep apnea a little further as well.      Asking if he is using a CPAP machine at home and how deligiant he is at      using it. Another problem, is his diet. I would have him be referred to a      nutritionist or further educate him on learning to maintain his diet. I      would recommend weight watchers, they have a great program that is easy to      manage with just an app. They even have support groups as well so he can      meet people through it. If he does not control his diet and continue      gaining weight, he would be at risk for many other diseases that cause a      shorter life and could be life threatening. 

Reference 

Comprehensive Guide to Normal Lab Values. (2019). Meditec. Retrieved from https://www.meditec.com/resourcestools/medical-reference-links/normal-lab-values/

 

 
 

2-I agree that these days people look for a quick pill to take care of their problems. There are so many fad diets and they are just not realistic in helping people to maintain a healthy lifestyle. A family friend once did an all shake diet and of course lost several pounds because of the lack of caloric intake. He maintained the weight loss for less than a year before quickly regaining it plus some. Changing lifestyle behaviors and educating yourself on the importance of a well-balanced diet is extremely important for making positive and long-term changes for yourself. I think the same would go for Mr. C. He needs to know how to continue to strive for a healthy lifestyle after the surgery in order to maintain his weight after.

 Reply  |  Quote & Reply 

 
 

3-it can be tough to face things like obesity and hypertension, especially at such a young age. It is good that she has you and your family for support. It is also good that she is identifying that she has issues that need to be addressed and taking the steps to make better choices. Weight watchers can help to teach individuals about healthy nutrition and portion control. Walking her dog everyday is also a good step towards getting more steps in and living a healthier lifestyle. It can be hard I’m sure to sit behind a desk all day and then come home and find the energy to exercise. Keep on encouraging her!

 

4-Yes the follow through of diet is so important. When my sister had the surgery several years ago she had to lose about 50# prior to the actual surgery. Part of that process was to shrink the stomach and get used to smaller meals. One of the complications after the surgery can be”dumping syndrome”. This is when a rapid emptying of the stomach occurs and moves into the small intestine. Many people experience this and can have symptoms of bloat, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea and sweating (Rovito, 2019). Ways to prevent this is to have no refined sugar or unnecessary fat, eat 5-6 smaller meals and no liquids between meals (Rovito, 2019). I read that doctors actually don’t mind when thsi occurs in patients because it helps them to try and to eat better. I know for my sister she had to really learn how to eat..she intiially lost an incredible amount of weight and looked quite unhealthy but then it stabilized. She started to gain her weight back but the physician put her on some medication to reduce her appetite and that helped and she lost more weight. She goes to a physician every 6 months and this has helped to keep her on track. She eats very little because she gets so full but she doesn’t mind..her brain has learned to be okay with smaller amounts.

Reference

Rovito, P. (2019, February 4). Complications of gastric bypass surgery 22 potential problems. Retrieved from https://www.bariatricsurgerysource.com

 

 
 

   5- Weight loss has to do with burning more calories than you take in.  You could theoretically eat junk food that totals 1200 calories a day and loose weight.  The problem comes in when you are hungry shortly after eating that junk food.  The trick is to eat foods that help you feel full for a longer amount of time and use portion control.  I would rather eat foods that keep me from feeling hungry.  With bariatric surgery, your stomach is shrunk down so you should only ingest teaspoons of broth at a time.  If you have psychological need to eat foods, you will stretch your stomach out again and regain all the weight you lost.  Eating for most people in this country is not a survival thing….it is an emotional thing.  You tie your emotions to food.  People in Africa or India do not have the luxury of eating due to stress.  Until you recognize food as fuel, you will not likely keep off the weight you lost.  

    I think it is important to teach our children a different way of looking at food.  It should be gas for your body and we should be putting in unleaded.  We should teach them to not overfill the tank; stop associating food with love or other emotions.

 

 
 

   6- I would say most of the people in this class already understand the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.  Type 1 being an autoimmune disease that attacks individuals who are genetic carriers of HLA type genes.  Type 2 has a genetic component however, it is an acquired disorder that becomes active due to obesity and lack of exercise causing insulin resistance.

    There is a very long and detailed explanation regarding your question about obesity and type 1 diabetes.  In the past, type 1 diabetes was only diagnosed in childhood and these children were diagnosed after a significant weight loss.  Children in general were already thin, active and healthy eaters because this was the lifestyle.  In recent times, the increase in technology and junk food has caused a rise in obesity in all populations but especially children.  Type 1 diabetics do not escape this trend.  One article even says that there is a higher incidence of obesity in type 1 diabetics than any other people group (Mottalib et al., 2017).  This article goes further into detail about insulin and the growth hormone along with how they affect the basal metabolic rate.  You can read the details for yourself, but to sum it up, type 1 diabetes does not make your body immune to fat accumulation anymore than anyone else.  If you left type 1 diabetes untreated with insulin for a long period of time, you would have weight loss from cell starvation.  Of course, you would go into significant keto acidosis and could die.

    Treating the type 1 diabetes with insulin reverses the effects of weight loss.  In fact, hyperinsulinemia causes obesity and increases the growth hormone.  This is seen particularly in mothers with gestational diabetes.  The mother has increased glucose levels that increases her need for insulin.  Her body cannot meet the demand, but the fetus has no problem with insulin production.  Glucose crosses the placenta, but insulin does not.  The baby produces the correct amounts of insulin to cover the increased glucose that crossed the placenta.  This hyperinsulinemia causes the baby to grow to an alarming size.  This causes macrosomia.; a baby that is too large for the gestational age.  As a side note, this increases the baby’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

    A trend that has been seen in recent years is to have double diabetes.  Now that we are able to do extensive diagnostic testing, we can see that a patient could have the antibodies present with type 1 diabetes and the insulin resistance seen with type 2 diabetes.  Incidentally, obesity in a person with the antibodies that are seen with the type 1 diabetes causes that person to become an actual diabetic sooner.  I would think in layman’s terms it is from placing undue stress on the pancreas to produce higher levels of insulin and the islet cells run out of juice.

    I could go on, but I am guessing this answers your question. 

References

Mottalib, A., Kasetty, M., Mar, J. Y., Elseaidy, T., Ashrafadeh, S., & Hamdy, O. (2017, August 23). Weight management in patients with type 1 diabetes and obesity. Current Diabetes Reports, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-017-0918-8

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19159603

/in /by

  

1-The nursing shortage imapacts the healthcare system and as well as the community. Nurses are the faces of healthcare. they are the managers of care for patients. At the community level we would see it being harder for a patient to recieve care. Without the proper staffing of nurses the community may be forced with longer waiting times to actually be seen. This could also make the cost of care go up for the community. ON the nursing profession side, nurses are constantly faced with being out of ratio. I have never worked at a hospital were ratios were not an issue. It is a very difficult problem and it mainly comes from the nursing shortage. You see more nurses going out of ration which the hospital ends up paying for. You also see nurses who have to pick up extra shifts just to help out the company to ensure that a unit is properly staffed. I do feel like this will always be an issue. Simply because there are so many people in the world and not enough nurses. I see more hospitals starting new graduate programs. This is a great way to help the nursing shortage. When you graduate from nursing school it can be hard to find your first job in an acute care setting. Many places want experience. So they pass up on these new nurses who are ready to work simply because the are not experienced. But a better solution would be to train them , which many facilities have caught on to. Training the nurses and having them sign a contract for 2 years for the cost of training them has help many facilities with their nursing shortage. 

Concern over nursing shortage grows. (2018). ACCN Bold Voices. Volume 10, Issue 8: 17-17

 

 

 
 

2-What is the impact to the nursing profession and to the public related to the projected nursing shortage? Discuss at least one way that the nursing profession is working toward a resolution of this problem.

The nursing profession shortage affects the community drastically. There are many nurses that with each year retire and facilities end up with a nursing shortage. Just like there are many colleges and schools that have nursing graduates, there will always be a need for nurses. “In the United States, the largest group of nurses is expected to retire by the year 2020, pushing health care facilities’ resources beyond their limits.” (Springer Publishing Company, 2015)Nursing shortages not only affect the nurses by overwhelming the nurses but can affect patients completely. A nurse that has been running around like chicken without a head and tending to more than 20 patients will not be able to perform all her nursing duties to the best of her ability. Patients safety is also at risk as nurses will be tired and might have medication or treatment errors due to the fatigue and tiredness. Also, it is important to remember that for specialty areas such as colonoscopy, endoscopy, ER, OR and neonate care many hospitals require experience, a new nurse unless properly trained for months will not be able to attain that position. Many nurses will also retire in these specialty areas and hospitals should implement a way to have a secure education and on-site training for a specific time to train new nurses for these specialties. “Just over a decade ago, in 2000, the estimated pool of registered nurses in the United States was 1.89 million, while the demand was two million—a deficit of only 110,000, or 6%. Yet the gap continues to widen. In 2008, there were approximately 2.6 million working RNs, but it is predicted that by 2020 the shortage will be approximately 808,400 nurses, or 29%.” (Springer Publishing Company, 2015)The nursing profession should consider all this and create a way in which the hospitals can work with the nurses to provide better training for these specialties. It is also imperative that nurses be appreciated, feel connected to their organization and the organization focuses on not only retaining the nurses but making them happy. “Nurses report higher job satisfaction if they perceive they are part of a team and feel a sense of belonging, though age is another variable in retention and job satisfaction.” (Springer Publishing Company, 2015)

Reference:

Springer Publishing Company. (2015, November 04). The Nursing Shortage: Exploring the Situation and Solutions. Retrieved from https://minoritynurse.com/the-nursing-shortage-exploring-the-situation-and-solutions/

 

 

 
 

3-By the year 2024, there are projected to be over one million nursing vacancies alone (Weiss et al 2014).

The nurses that are from the baby boomer generation will be exiting the workforce creating a huge amount of vacant positions.  The AACN reports that every year the rate of vacant positions go up 2-3% each. The question then is what do when do to change this trajectory? The answers lie in partnering with schools of nursing  to assist in graduating more competent nurses. There also appears to be a shortage of qualified nursing faculty to teach in the nursing schools. The AACN suggest perhaps the government and private sector subsidizing faculty salaries. One of the thing that many hospital are doing in a effort to minimize the problem, encourage continuing education. Hospital are encouraging nurses to advance their education and they give monetary compensation. In return, the nurse agree to work for a stated time after degree is complete. This serves as a win-win situation for the facility and the nurse.

Impact on nursing shortage, increased wait times, in every health care entity. Primary care, secondary care, tertiary care all will feel the impact. The other is quality of care will be compromised. Less nurses mean short cuts, shorts cuts equal errors. The abilty to deliver great patient care will be compromised. finacial aspect will be felt by all consumers, less supply/ more demand means increased price for healthcare.

Reeference

www.AACNNursing.org

Weiss, D., Tilin, F., Morgan, M (2014) The Interprofessional healthcare Team: Leadership & Development.

 

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19167749

/in /by

  

1-The Patient protection and Affordable Care Act has many benefits for nurses and the nursing profession. There are two in particular that really stood out for me personally:

Section 5309 Nurse education, practice, and retention grants. —This section discusses 2 new grants that will be primarily focused on nurse retention rates. One will award grants to accredited nursing schools or health facilities to promote career advancement among nurses. The other will give awards to nursing schools or health facilities that can demonstrate enhanced collaboration and communication among nurses and other health care professionals. Priority directed towards applicants that have not previously received an award.

Section 5509 Graduate nurse education demonstration. Appropriates $50 million per year to establish a graduate nurse education demonstration program in Medicare. Hospitals selected will be reimbursed for educational and clinical instruction costs attributed to training advanced practice nurses to provide primary/preventive care, translational care, chronic care management, as well as any other nursing services appropriate for the Medicare eligible population. Those hospitals selected will partner with community based care settings and accredited nursing schools to undertake the demonstration program and will reimburse partners for their share of costs. 

I chose these two provisions because I feel as if they are important to the future of nursing. Nursing education plays a pivotal role in health care reform as we learned last week. The higher education nurses have, the more competent they are at their jobs and the more they are able to effectively care for patients. Having programs that help fund education can greatly impact the number of nurses that are willing to go back to school. Sometimes cost is the issue and nurses simply may not be able to afford the high cost of a higher educations. These two provisions and many more have realized the importance of nursing education and are investing in it.

 
 

2-Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is the health reform legislation that was established by the 111th Congress. PPACA, also known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or Obamacare, was signed into law by President Obama March of 2010. This new legislation provides health insurance for so many individuals who didn’t have health insurance. With the many unique individuals gaining health insurance, the demand for nursing care has also increased. The PPACA has many health-care-related provisions that have been put into action and changed the nursing field. Two key nursing provisions that have impacted nursing practice are the health care workforce loan repayment program and the graduate nurse education demonstration (“Health Care Reform: Key Provisions Related to Nursing,” 2010). The health care workforce loan repayment program gives loan repayment options for psychiatric nurses, social workers, and professional or school counselors who serve in underserved areas. To be eligible, they must work in those areas for at least two years. This will encourage prospective students to choose those fields of practice to qualify for loan forgiveness programs. The second nursing provision is a graduate nurse education demonstration. This program provides grants and loans to nurses who are pursuing advanced nursing practitioners. Advance practice nurses needs are in primary care, translational care, and chronic care management. This program will encourage nurses to pursue an advanced degree and further their education.
References:
Health Care Reform: Key Provisions Related to Nursing. (2010). Retrieved from https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.wocn.org/resource/resmgr/AdvocacyPolicy/PPACA_and_Nursing_-_Nursing_.pdf

 

 

3-The PPACA has many health-care related provisions that has been put into action and changed the nursing field. The health care workforce loan repayment program offers loan reimbursement options for psychiatric nurses, social workers, and professional or school counselors who work in underserved areas. In order to be qualified, they must work in those areas for at least two years. This will inspire prospective students to pick those fields of practice in order to qualify for the load forgiveness programs. The second key nursing provision is the graduate nurse education demonstration. This program provides grants and loans to nurses who are pursuing advance nursing practitioners. Advance practice nurses are needed in primary care, chronic care management. This program will encourage nurses to pursue an advance degree and further their education.

Alba

Reference

           Health Care Reform:  Key Provisions Related to Nursing. (2010). Retrieved from https://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.wocn.org/resource/resmgr/AdvocacyPolicy/PPACA_and_Nursing_-_Nursing_.pdf 

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19174801

/in /by

  

1-Research supports that the baccalaureate-educated nurse brings a more comprehensive and in-depth education to the healthcare arena than the associate-degree or diploma nurse. This past spring, renowned nurse researcher Linda Aiken co-authored a study that contributes to a growing body of evidence suggesting that a more educated nursing workforce translates into better patient outcomes. “Among the conclusions made by Aiken was that patients in hospitals in which 60% of nurses had bachelor’s degrees and nurses cared for an average of six patients would have almost 30% lower mortality than patients in hospitals in which only 30% of nurses had bachelor’s degrees and nurses cared for an average of eight patients.

Reference

Passmore, S. (2019, March 12). How Does Your Nursing Degree Affect Patient Mortality Rates? Retrieved March 22, 2019, from https://www.americansentinel.edu/blog/2014/06/04/how-does-your-nursing-degree-affect-patient-mortality-rates/

 

 

 
 

2-From my experience all nurses including BSN, Diploma and Associate Degree RN’s have better understanding of the entire healthcare system and an in-depth understanding about a patient’s overall history that automatically helps them make better and faster decisions, make fewer errors and better guide the patients and their families. However times are changing and rapidly expanding clinical knowledge and mounting complexities in health care mandate that professional nurses possess educational preparation commensurate with the diversified responsibilities required of them. As health care shifts from hospital-centered, inpatient care to more primary and preventive care throughout the community, the health system requires registered nurses who not only can practice across multiple settings – both within and beyond hospitals – but can function with more independence in clinical decision making, case management, provision of direct bedside care, supervision of unlicensed aides and other support personnel, guiding patients through the maze of health care resources, and educating patients on treatment regimens and adoption of healthy lifestyles. Having a BSN degree allows more opportunity for employment, increased responsibility, and career progression.

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2013). 2012-2013 Enrollment and graduations in baccalaureate and graduate programs in nursing. Washington, DC

 

 

 
 

3-The capacity of a nurse to deliver quality care and safeguard the safety of a patient is dependent on the nature of training in nursing school. Anbari and Vogelsmeier (2018) explored the perceived benefits of Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) and Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) on the capacity of nurses to uphold patient safety in the course of service delivery. The duo engaged ADN-to-BSN graduates to find out the perceived implications on education on their capacity to promote the safety of the patients. Attainment of BSN qualifications expanded the nurses’ clinical reasoning, as they can approach care with a broadened scope as well as accept inputs from other people. Through the paradigm shift in the delivery of care, it can be argued that advanced training of nurses is instrumental in the enhancement of making decisions that conform to the needs of patients. In turn, this predisposes improved patient safety. However, some nurses believed that BSN is essential for career progression rather than improved their capacity to uphold patient safety.

From a personal viewpoint and based on my experiences, I consider BSN critical for the improvement of patient safety. In the course of acquiring the qualifications, nurses learn about new concepts in nursing and are exposed to approaches that may be helpful in the management of complex situations that may arise in the clinical setting. Through the learned concepts, nurses can significantly improve their clinical reasoning, as well as engage other healthcare professions. Through this, they are likely to apply evidence-based practice and limit engagement in behaviors that may adversely affect the safety of patients.

Reference

Anbari, A. B., & Vogelsmeier, A. (2018). Associate degree in nursing-to-bachelor of science in nursing graduates’ education and their perceived ability to keep patients’ safe. Journal of Nursing Education, 57(5), 300-303.

 

 

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19181113

/in /by

  

1-As a nurse , Erin Murphey is a great legislator becuase she can advocate for health care system reform bills and help to make a change at the corporate level. Murphey is a registrered nurse with 20 years of experience in the acute care settingAs governor, Murphy said she would sign a bill to legalize recreational marijuana, but she comes at the issue from a criminal justice perspective. She would want any proposal that legalizes recreational marijuana to also include a way to expunge low-level cannabis possession crimes from people’s records.”There is a disproportionate number of people of color, specifically men of color, who are incarcerated for this crime,” she said.She said she also believes it will be easier to keep marijuana out of the hands of young people if it were “regulated and legal.””Minnesotans are ahead of policymakers on this question,” she said. “They are ready to make this move and if the Legislature puts it on my desk, I will sign it into law.” This can be also seen from a healthcare perspective because many pharmaceautical companies are using marijuana in for many different conditions in patients. It is exciting to have a nurse in politics. This is someone just like us who is able to make an impact from the source. Hopefully she does well in implementing her promises.

Miller, K. (2018). DFL governor candidate Erin Murphy shares her views. Retrieved from https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/07/24/dfl-candidate-erin-murphy-shares-views

 

 

 
 

2-Lauren Underwood is the newest elected, and youngest registered nurse serving in the U.S. House of Representatives since January 3, 2019. She is representing Illinois 14thcongressional district. In her short time serving, she has been loud and clear about her support regarding affordable health care to all Americans. Just last week she introduced legislation that would improve affordability by reducing premium costs for consumers who purchase plans through the Health Insurance Marketplace and in February, she introduced legislation that would help protect Americans with pre-existing conditions by overturning an Administration rule that expands limited duration insurance, commonly known as “junk plans.” She also supports the prevention of gun violence by serving as a member of the Congressional Gun Violence Prevention Taskforce. Prior to her election into congress she was working to improve healthcare by serving as a Senior Advisor at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) where she helped communities prepare for and respond to disasters and emergencies.

Reference:

Representative Lauren Underwood. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://underwood.house.gov/

 

 

 
 

3-The congresswomen, Eddie Bernice Johnson, was a Chief Psychiatric Nurse in a hospital (VA Hospital) in Dallas before she became congresswomen (C-Span, 2019). She has recently introduced the National Nurse Act of 2019 in Congress. Eddie Bernice Johnson is the first registered nurse elected to Congress and can be counted between the most well-known nurses in history because of her outstanding accomplishments in that capacity. As an African-American woman, she has encountered many obstacles in both her nursing and political careers. Ms. Johnson is an excellent example of the value of education.

Reference

C-Span. (2019, January 9). Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson Urges House to Support the Allred Health Care Resolution. Retrieved from C-Span: https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4771977/congresswoman-eddie-bernice-johnson-urges-house-support-allred-health-care-resolution

 

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW

1 Please Answer Based On These Answers As They Are Listed Each One Must Be Answered In Apaform And Not Less Than 150 Words 19189533

/in /by

  

1-The Clinical Nurse Leader is a nurse with her masters and is prepared to practice across the continnum of care within any healthcare setting. The CNL was created by the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN) with the collaboration of health care leaders and educators to address the need to improve the quality of patient outcomes (AACN, 2018). The CNL can do a number of things including are coordination, outcome measurements, transitions of care, interprofessional communication and team leadership, risk assessment, implementation of best practices based on evidence, quality improvement.

Reference

Clinical Nurse Leader (CNL). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.aacnnursing.org/CNL

 

 

 
 

2-The American Association of Colleges of Nursing proposed the clinical nurse leader (CNL) role in 2007 as their response on how to manage the needs of an aging population and improve the nursing profession. When the CNL position was first proposed and implemented in 2008, candidates to be a CNL had to have a baccheluers degree with a minimum of two years nursing experience and be well respected by peers and physicians. They were expected to oversee units with 12-18 patients, perform daily rounds, serve as a resource for nurses, review patient outcomes, and teach change management and evidence based practice to nurses (Sotomayor, 2017).

In units where a CNL was present, there was shown to be a significant reduction in patient falls, CAUTIs, central line-associated infections, and hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (Sotomayor, 2017).

A CNL influences direct patient care by assessing how nursing care is currently being delivered and how it can be improved. They are responsible for educating nurses on their unit regarding how improvements can be made and also tracking how effective these changes are.

This role is not only reserved for inpatient units but can also be used for nursing positions out in the community to improve access to care and care coordination.

Reference:

Sotomayor, G. (2017). CNE SERIES. Clinical Nurse Leaders: Fulfilling the Promise of the Role. MEDSURG Nursing, 26(1), 21–32. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=121353509&site=ehost-live&scope=site

 

 

3-Thank you for sharing your findings with the rest of the class. It was a great post. I actually have clinical nurse leaders at my facility and I find them to be extremely helpful, bot only to the nurses but the patients as well. They are familiar with policies and procedures and serve as a great resource when needed. As I new nurse I am always looking for a clinical nurse leader. My charge nurse is a great resource. She has made every mistake into a teachable moment and it has made transitioning into the nursing practice much smoother had she not been there. Thank you again for your post.

 
"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"
ORDER NOW