Hi, need to submit a 2000 words essay on the topic Explaining the reasons for income inequality in the US.

The causes of the increasing levels of income gaps and inequalities in the United States of America, which is one of the largest and most developed nations in the world has been a topic which is subject to a number of extensive researches, political interests and media attentions because this aspect involves how the income of the nation is divided among the people of the country and thus, is a primary factor involved in the development of economic consistency and stability of a country. Therefore, the topic of identifying and analyzing the main reasons which are driving the exponential growth of the inequalities in the financial and economic positions of the rich and the poor classes of the society has become an interesting area of study and research.

This research is aimed at identifying and analyzing the primary and secondary reasons that have caused the high level of income inequalities in the United States of America. For this purpose, the macro economic backgrounds of the company as well as the different sources of income among the rich and the poor classes of the American society are studied in depth. Additionally, the main drivers of the income inequalities in the society and economy of the United States are identified so as to understand how these income gaps can be reduced in the future by the government of the United States of America and the various other governing authorities and institutions functioning in the country. Thus, the main research question formulated for the study is given as follows

As per the work of Galbraith and Hale (2008), income inequality refers to the degree to which income within a population is distributed in a disproportionate and uneven manner. Income inequality can also be described as the gap between the income of the rich and the poor classes of people within a society or a nation (Galbraith and Hale, 2008, p.344). Duncan and Murnane

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Hi, need to submit a 2000 words essay on the topic Family experiencing child protection and family violence issues.

There are many issues that need to be taken care of before a real solution is found. Lets take a case study of a boy called Aldo who was a victim of both, physical and mental abuse at the hands of his parents. The case study is taken from ‘Good Practice in Child Protection’ by Tilbury, C., Osmond, J., Wilson, S., & Clark, J. (2007).

Aldo is a nine year old boy who was placed in foster care three weeks ago because of physical and emotional abuse. Specifically, Aldo was regularly hit with a piece of wood by his father and often had bruises and marks all over his body. In addition, his mother and father regularly told him that he was useless, an idiot and they wished they had never had him. Aldo often witnessed domestic violence in the household. His mother has been hospitalized six times in the last twelve months with significant injuries. After an initial period of being shy and withdrawn, Aldos behavior is becoming more challenging at home and in the school environment. Behaviors currently being exhibited are regular aggressive behavior with peers and other foster children, destroying property, resisting direction, difficulty in making friends, rejecting signs of attention and affection, and poor school performance. Aldo has supervised contact with his parents each Wednesday. The school has reported that lately, he has had detention during lunchtime on Thursdays and Fridays, mainly for aggressive, bullying behavior with his peers.

Aldo’s case is an example of a child whose behavior is completely changed into an aggressive one because of the treatment he got from his family and the violent environment that he experienced at

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Hi, need to submit a 2000 words essay on the topic Group dynamics.

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Purpose of a group forms its background and the process through which this is achieved makes it operational. Team is structured, requires coordinated interaction to reach the set goal and all the members stand responsible for its activities. A congregation of individuals qualifies to be called a group based on Kurt Lewin’s parameters, which specify that the members should interact, are interdependent, influence each other, the members feel belongingness, have a structure, work towards a common goal and are recognised as a group by others. Task and relationship-based interactions develop in groups, through which people connect and affect each other. 2. Group as a social system Groups are social entities with a membership of 2 or more persons. They are viewed as units of socialization, interaction, centres of intellect and learning. Group is a locus for connecting with people and hangers for emotional support. People group in order to support the realisation that they share similar ideologies. Interdependence and cooperation, which are interpersonal and social qualities are essential for the formation of groups. They never exist in vacuum, but are related and dependent on other groups. Groups may be classified as primary or secondary(classified by Charles Horton Cooley) and planned or emergent ones. Close and personal interactions occur frequently among primary group members. They form the basis for socialising and platform for showcasing the ideas, values and opinions of members. Secondary or nucleated groups are sized big, formal and the size may not permit one-to-one relation among members. They are help members socialise, but not as much as primary groups. Planned groups work for a common goal. Their formation is initiated from an exterior source, organisation or individual or other groups. Emergent groups, as the name suggests, emerge as the people find themselves bound by circumstances, location or situation (Corey, Corey, and Corey ). T-groups, a proposition by Kurt Lewin, are interpersonal training groups, that facilitate bonding among members, building trust and interact on both work-related and personal issues. The source of learning and improvement is feedback from the other members of the team. 3. Group Development In order to comprehend group dynamics, it is important to study the process and theories related to their development (Forsyth ). Lot of studies and research addressed the concept. Tubb has phased group development into orientation, conflict, consensus and closure and Fisher suggested orientation, conflict, emergence and reinforcement model. Bruce Tuckman suggested 4 stages of group development, which consists of forming, storming, norming and performing. Adjourning has been appended later. a. Forming During this phase, individuals mingle with each other and communicate, in an attempt to arrive at their purpose of association. They assess their respective comfort zones. Leaders play a vital role in facilitating this understanding and walking them towards the next stage. b. Storming Here, the members share their views, assemble with others sharing similar thoughts and socialise. Leader persuades them to open up and streamlines their ideas, differences etc towards the group goals. Socialisation is the process of adaptation of the members to the purpose, situation and other members. Active involvement on the part of members is crucial at this stage.

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Hi, need to submit a 2000 words essay on the topic How do people make sense of health and illness Discuss with reference to at least TWO social cognition theories.

egulation of health and illness are some of the psychological analysis of understanding health and illness in human beings (Aspinwall & Taylor, 1992).

When an individual is suffering from a chronic illness, one would get the perception that such an individual clearly understands the level of vulnerability he is in and the likelihood of associating his sickness to some meaning (Ratelle et al,2004). Regardless of the pain they, may be undergoing, thinking positively about ones state of affairs promotes mental health. However, if patients, harbor negatives thoughts that tend to lay the blame on themselves, they are likely to harbor negative mental health that may lead to anxiousness, stress or a feeling of worthlessness. A number of researchers, has challenged this stand by pointing out that such negatives perceptions triggers the acceptance of their condition thus allowing them to accept there state of health (Taylor,1983).

Cognitive Adaptation and Mental Health Theory states that self-determined motivation forms the psychological mechanism that triggers cognitive adaptation that enhances mental health. According to Taylor, 1993, the adjustment process in a person usually takes place when an individual tries to maintain or achieve an optimistic attitude towards a general issue life, an attempt to attempt to specialize or deeply understand an event or regaining of self-esteem (Ratelle et al, 2004). Cognitive adaptations mostly occurs when there is a life threatening event in ones life, however, the cognitive and adaptation and mental health theory, points out that when an individual’s mind is preoccupied with optimism, positive perceptions, and perceived control he is likely to benefit from them both mentally and physically (Taylor, 1983).

An analysis of three components of Cognitive Adaptation Theory (CAT) plays a significant role towards the understanding of Cognitive Adaptation and Mental Health Theory. The first components of CAT points out that people do

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Hi, need to submit a 2000 words essay on the topic How important was nationalism as a cause of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe.

In this paper, the term nationalism is used in the meaning of political doctrine and ideology which is justified by a goal to make a certain nation succeed in pursuing its interests. In this context, a nation is understood as “a political, ethnic, territorial, cultural, or religious group united by a common economy, mass culture, common legal rights and duties, and a belief system that emphasizes either shared history and genealogy or other common myths distinguishing this group from others” (Smith, 1991: 14). Molchanov (2000: 264) observes that nationalism today is a product of modernization as well as mass education. It is also a product of the elites’ conscious manipulation of country’s masses. Nationalism is based on national feeling, i.e. a feeling of belonging to a community which is culturally distinct and goes beyond people’s circles of important others, covers the barriers of statuses and classes, and on a legitimate basis commands its members’ loyalty. In this respect, a national community is perceived as an imagined community with its contours being reconstructed during the process of national mobilization (Molchanov, 2000: 263). As for the national elite, it serves a mobilizing agent in this process. Its parochial interests get the status of national interests and become values for which all compatriots fight. Typically, the elite is made up of well-educated classes “from the indigenous nationality and local administrators” who have become dissatisfied with current social standing (Molchanov, 2000: 264).

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