Hi, I need help with essay on Hart’s Thesis and MOMJ Perspective on Law Society. Paper must be at least 750 words. Please, no plagiarized work!

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Hart (1994) further argues that because the society accepts the legal rule as the standards of judging, criticizing and even giving punishments when some members deviate, the legal rules are obligatory and all the members of the society must comply with their provisions. According to Hart, it is important for the societies to establish reflective attitudes based on common standards to ensure conformity with regard to the application of the law. In this context, Hart’s thesis that the validity of laws depend on the sources as opposed rather than its merits is significantly crucial since it can be used to solve the potential conflicts between successive norms and the concurrent rules that tend to affect various legal systems. Consequently this perspective considerably enhances the legal understanding of law making processes. Hart’s thesis is also based on the assumption that not every member of the society is expected to accept the stipulated rules as the only criteria of legal validity but rather most of the ordinary people do not often fully comprehend the legal structures as well as how to measure their validity(Hart, 1994). On the other hand, the myth of moral justice postulated by Rosenbaum suggests that the current legal system is not morally ideal because it is so formulaic and rigid that it is almost impossible to achieve just outcomes from it. In “the myth of moral justice,” Rosenbaum disagrees with Hart’s theses as well as the theories of legal positivism’s reasoning that the validity of the legal processes is always a function of the particular social systems that regulate the behavior of the members of the society. According to Rosenbaum (2004), not all of the legal cases in the courts can be simply addressed through monetary compensation and punishments as seen in most of the current legal systems. This is because sometimes the victims may only need restorative and spiritual remedies to help them achieve justice. For example, victims of injustices should be given opportunity to express their feelings and get consolations or apologies from the parties that may have offended them. Instead most of the current legal systems are filled with moral complexities that often make it impossible to deliver justice to the members of the society. For instance most people continue to lie under the oath and this has resulted in the loss of faith and frustrations with our current justice and legal systems. Rosenbaum also challenges the contemporary training of layers particularly with regard to ethics. For example he argues from law schools to their places of career practice, lawyers are always filled with the concepts of unemotional evaluation of facts and details of cases with little regard to moral sense. Throughout the book, there are also a number of instances in which relatively simple cases ended with outcomes that are legally justified and yet are not making any moral sense. Some of the notable cases included the famous Nuremberg trials which ended in the acquittal of all the police officers who were charged with murder.

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Hi, I need help with essay on Has the Global Financial Crisis lead to fundamental change in the relationship between government and business. Paper must be at least 1500 words. Please, no plagiarized work!

Business is one segment in which governments made some policy changes in order to strengthen the business activities in a controlled manner. In some sectors governments imposed more restrictions whereas in some other sectors government liberalized the rules and assisted the business people to come out from the recession. For example, governments put more control on the activities of financial institutions like banks whereas they assisted other business entities like the automobile sectors in order to save that sector from total destruction. In other words, the relationship between the government and different business entities has undergone contrasting changes because of recession. This paper analyses the extent of changes happened in relationships between the governments and the business because of recession.

The relationship between government and business is important both for the government and the business groups. Governments are primarily operating for safeguarding the interests of the people whereas business always works on making profits. Business always tries to exploit the public resources injudiciously to increase their profits. In other words, the interests of public and business are often contradictory and may not go hand in hand. Governments are fixing the boundaries or the norms in order to reach a compromise between the interests of the people and the interests of business. Government need to protect the interests of both. In order to grow economically, business activities should be increased and for that purpose, more liberalized rules are essential. At the same time, these liberalized rules should never affect the public interest negatively. Thus governments are acting as a bridge between the people and business ensuring that either the people or the business taking any undue advantages.

According to the renowned economist John Maynard Keynes, a purely free market system would tend to

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Hi, I need help with essay on Hazard of your choice. Paper must be at least 1000 words. Please, no plagiarized work!

While the centre of the storm is the calmest with light winds, the further parts of the storm are very violent. When this comes to land, it leads to heavy rains, large waves and strong winds that can damage property, land, buildings, trees, cars and result into heavy flooding leading to loss of animals and human life.

The magnitudes of the impacts of hurricanes can be understood from the meteorologists “Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.” In this scale, the magnitude of hurricane is categorized in a scale of 1-5, however, this scale do not address the impacts of such magnitudes. According to Kislow (21), category one consists of winds ranging from 74-95 mph and result into minor damages to property, falling debris, limited flying and minor injuries to people and animals. Category 2 consists of winds ranging from 96 to 110 which have potential to result into heavy property damage. According to Kislow (21), this category of hurricanes consist of winds with high velocities which carry debris thus poses threat to animals, humans and significant damage to apartment buildings, mobile homes, shopping centers and result into extensive power outages.

Category 3 consists of heavy winds of approximately 111 to 130 mph and can result into extensive property damage. This category of hurricane has potential of destroying even well built homes, cause extensive inland flooding and damage to electricity and water sources and lines. Category 4 hurricane consists of winds ranging from 131 to 155 mph and can cause serious catastrophic damage to humans, property and animals. As stated by Vecchi et al (5341), it can cause significant catastrophic damage to apartments, frame homes, as well as shopping centers and include long term water shortages and power outages of up to few months. Category five consists of winds that ranges from 131 to 155 mph and can course complete destruction to property, apartments, trees, shopping malls, and land. It is also important

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Hi, I need help with essay on HEALTH ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT ( PhD Public Health). Paper must be at least 2250 words. Please, no plagiarized work!

16,666.67/QALY Average cost per discounted QALY = Total Cost (?)/ Total Benefit (discounted QALYs) = 20,000,000/ 1000 =?20,000/QALY Therefore the Average cost per discounted QALY (c) =?20,000/QALY d. Column 6? Marginal cost effectiveness= difference in total costs/ difference in effectiveness (total output) =?16,666.67 =?40,000 Question 2 The quality- adjusted life year (QALY) is a quota of the routine of medical treatments that focus on the extent of health improvement and period over which the improvement takes place. QALY is applicable in the assessment of money to be used in a treatment plan. A year in excellent health is ascribed the rate of 1.0 death is assigned the value of 0.0. QALY is regarded as a statistical term defining the value of reducing the average number of deaths by one. Willingness to pay (WTP) refers to the maximum amount a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service. which in this case is the quality and quantity of life. The strength of WTP is it is a superior reflection of individual preferences. It can be used to acquire data on fair pricing and demand predictions from a marketing medical viewpoint. WTP is useful in cost- benefit analysis in the field of medical economics (Guinness, Wiseman, &amp. Wonderling, 2011). The strength of QALYs first and foremost is its essence in the allocation of healthcare resources and individual preferences in policy evaluation if the restrictive factors are met. This result to a health care preferential treatment with a lower cost to QALY saved ratio over an intervention with a higher ratio. Another advantage of QALYs is. it can be combined with information on the prices of substitute treatment plans and medical programs to evaluate the economic effectiveness (Mcculloch, 2002). Given that QALY weights are founded on responses to hypothesis, they are prone to weaknesses as value measures based on contingent valuation. The weakness of this measure is that it is controversial. Some individuals will fail to receive treatment because they cannot afford it. Another con of QALYS is risk neutrality over longevity. This implies that an individual is indifferent to any natural risks that do not affect his life expectancy. The weakness of WTP is mortality risk reduction does not exist as abruptly with declining lifetime, and might even upsurge as life expectation deteriorations over some assortment of ages. WTP to reduce mortality risk does not happen in percentage to life expectation, for the reason that the chance price of spending on peril discount also falls with lessening lifetime expectancy. as the individual has a smaller amount to save for. The weakness of WTP measurements is on its reliability and validity. For the reason that QALYs impose restrictive expectations on preferences. the ranking of fitness interventions using QALYs may differ systematically from the ranking using WTP. QALY weights are more reliable than estimates of WTP. making QALY a more valid representation over WTP. What makes QALY acceptable in the United Kingdom is it can be used to contrast the effectiveness of various types of medical involvements and treatments for a particular disease. More resources can be allocated to other programs for instance WTP that show lower cost per QALY relative to other programs. QALYs are viewed as more equitable than WTP. due to the fact that, they treat longevity equally regardless of the individual’s wealth (Jones, 2011). Question 3 i.

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