Topic: Healthful eating and exercise

Target audience: Working adults ages 30-50 

Format: APA

Requirements: 

A.  Describe your intended audience and why the topic is important to this audience (suggested length of 2–5 sentences).

B.  Create a presentation plan (e.g., outline) for a five- to seven-minute presentation on your chosen topic by including the following parts:

1.  An effective introduction that includes the following aspects:

•   an attention-getting opening

•   a thesis statement

•   a preview of the main points of the presentation

Note: For a five- to seven-minute speech, two to three main points are recommended.

2.  Supporting evidence (e.g., statistics, published research) for the main points

Note: Avoid using personal opinion, personal research, or personal experience as your supporting evidence.

3.  an effective conclusion that includes a summary of the main points and closing comments.

4.  a minimum of three credible sources

a.  Acknowledge sources within the text for all  content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized, and provide a reference list that includes the author, date of publication, title, and location of information (e.g., publisher, journal, website URL) for each  source. APA citation style is strongly encouraged.

Note: Refer to the attached APA Guide for Communication Performance Tasks if needed.

C.   Attach one visual element (e.g., chart, graph, picture, model) that supports one of the main points with acknowledgement of any source information used.

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Please follow the instructor carefully.

 You are expected to post a primary response to the discussion topic. All posts should address the discussion topic/question, add to the discussion, and/or encourage others to respond. Facts and claims MUST be supported with APA format citations and references. Use personal experience, course resources such as textbook and additional readings, library references and resources, and well-reputed internet sources, which includes reputable media sources, as well as scholarly sources. Your primary response to the topic/questions posed should be 2 -3 paragraphs, and be thoughtful, well-written, and include appropriate APA in-text citation(s) and reference(s) when appropriate.  

In public health and policy advocacy, tobacco control is a rich resource for publications on tobacco control policy advocacy and health communication. Yet, tobacco use is still one of the most preventable causes of death and disability worldwide. For this discussion board students will review how the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) has dedicated its’ efforts to the fight against the tobacco industry and tobacco use, therefore improving health outcomes for all individuals.

• First, RWJF document: Major Tobacco-Related Events in the United States (https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2011/rwjf70022)
• Then, review the RWJF document: The Way We Were – Tobacco Ads Through the Years (https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/reports/2011/rwjf70024)
• Lastly, review: Tobacco Control Work 1991-2010 (https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/meetings_and_conferences/speeches_and_presentations/2011/rwjf70025)
• You do not need to review these documents with a fine-toothed comb – you can browse through them. As you review them, notice the relationships between events such as advocacy groups activities, tobacco industry tactics, research reports, national policy, legislation, regulations, judicial and media advocacy. Notice changes in tobacco consumption in the United States and their relationship to different milestones and associated policies. 

In your primary post, respond to the following, using complete sentences:

a) Many in the position of the Surgeon General of the United States have each issued “Surgeon General” reports, but the report of 1964  is hailed as one of the most significant public health reports in history. Notice the steep decline in smoking after that report (Hint: see document #1 and #3 above).

  .Why might this report have “turned the tide” of smoking? Describe.

 .What effect might this report have had on policy makers? Describe.

b) Identify two additional changes that impacted tobacco consumption and for each, describe the effect you saw, and describe why you think it had that effect. These changes should be connected to specific policies, communication practices or advocacy tactics.

What populations do you think these changes impacted most significantly and why? You may include personal story or reflection to support your case.

Sources: 

• You are required to use at least TWO sources from the textbook, government reports, peer-reviewed journal articles or textbooks. Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from a government report or article). 
•  Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.
• Include APA formatted in-text citations to identify your sources AND include full APA formatted references for your sources at the end of your post.

Sources: 

• You are required to use at least TWO sources from the textbook, government reports, peer-reviewed journal articles or textbooks. Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from a government report or article). 
•  Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.
• Include APA formatted in-text citations to identify your sources AND include full APA formatted references for your sources at the end of your post.

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Please follow the instructor carefully. There are 2 Discussions ,your response to classmates should be at least one paragraph for each Discussion, address the discussion topic or question, be respectful, and add to the discussion. You may draw upon personal experience, course or scholarly references, citing appropriately. Restating the primary response, or agreeing or disagreeing without supporting statements will result in a lower grade. 

In reference to including a paragraph for both primary and peer responses, 4-5 sentences constitute a paragraph.

Discussion one,

  Cigarettes and tobacco were an integral part of army life since the First World War. The British trade journal Tobacco claimed “It might almost be said that a man in the firing line first thinks of his cartridges and the very next thing he sees to worry about is ammunition for this pipe. The pipe itself is only less previous than the rifle.” When soldiers were departing for war it was common to give cigarettes as a farewell gift. Organizations such as the YMCA and Red Cross Society raised funds to ensure that troops received steady supply of tobacco products especially cigarettes. It was a different time and cigarettes were a way to deal with the stress of the day and it was a shared activity between friends. This continued to be a running theme during World War II and it progressed to tobacco companies provided free cigarettes to soldiers. This trend of cigarette smoking did not seem to fade away and it was adopted by everyone including healthcare professionals up until the 1950s. The Journal of American Medical Association published that smoking is now linked to several kinds of cancer, including lung cancer, and other diseases. It took nearly 15 years for Congress to pass the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, which require all cigarette packages to display warning from the Surgeon General. The Surgeon’s General report turned the tide of smoking as it had the most positive impact compared to any other interventions or campaigns that came subsequently. It has influenced many policies in 1975 cigarettes were not included in the military rations and the smoking rate  dropped down 32% from the 1980s according (Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Smoking Cessation in Military and Veteran Populations, Bondurant, S., & Wedge, R., 2009.

Discussion two,

  a. The surgeon general report in 1964 was highly evidence based backed by science, which wasn’t the case previously. According to the author of Major Tobacco-Related Events in the United States, George Grob, the report Smoking and Health was released. This report took thousands of studies focused on illnesses that cigarette smoking caused such as lung cancer and emphysema and presented them with scientific facts. After this report came out cigarette consumption was reduced by 15%. A big event that I believe “turned the tide” was the fact that insurance companies were offering discounted rates to nonsmokers. This is a big incentive to abstain from tobacco use. This report gave policy makers grounds to regulate the way ads presented smoking to the public, and create an advertising code that companies needed to abide by.

b. In 1968 Philip Morris released the Virginia Slim cigarettes. These had a great impact on woman, and they used the media to feed off of insecurities than women face on a daily basis. They used marketing strategies that emphasized “slim” and “thin” as a means of connecting with women who may have image issues. The ads even went to the extent of showing a woman dressed as a pharaoh, as a means to show power and control. This obviously caused a rise in the number of women who used tobacco, having a negative impact on the overall health of women. According to tobacco free kids, smoking still causes more than 80% of deaths in women due to cancer, and is also associated with spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and SIDS. This marketing strategy would still work in society today. I know as a young woman I have always struggled with body image. In my early 20’s I too smoked as a means to curb my appetite. There were even cigarettes that were created specifically for women in mind. They came in a sparkly pink box, and the paper the tobacco was wrapped in was pink. This to me was a more of a modern day marketing tactic that was largely related to what Philip Morris did with Virginia Slims.

c. In 1995 an article was released by JAMA that showed that tobacco companies knew about the adverse health effects and addictions caused by cigarette use. According to Robert N. Proctor, author of “everyone knew but no one had proof” :tobacco industry use of medical history expertise in US courts, 1990-2002, the argument placed blame on the consumers not the companies themselves. The companies claimed that, everyone had known there was an issue, but there was not sufficient scientific data to back it up. This most likely had an impact on all people who were smokers, but especially those who were middle aged to elderly. When they first began smoking they were under the impression that it was doing no harm to them, only to find out when it was too late that their health was significantly altered.

Thanks,

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Please follow the instructor carefully.

Take Action!  This discussion requires the student to actually take an advocacy action for a health issue of their choice.

1)  Find a health or social service organization that has an advocacy webpage. It is common for an advocacy group to have some kind of action you can take or a link to take action on their home page.  Here are some suggestions 

· If you are already working in health or social service (e.g., nursing) your professional association often takes positions on health policy you might care about. Public health professionals may want to start with the American Public Health Association, for a variety of health issues and actions you can take: http://action.apha.org/site/PageNavigator/Advocacy.

· For instance, on this page you can “take action” on this bill: Speak for health Fund Public health in 2019. Advocating for this bill will help to provide adequate funding for critical public health agencies and programs in FY 2019. To take action you would fill out the provided form and then submit it. Upon submission APHA will ensure delivery to the appropriate state Senators and Representatives. Once completed, you have advocated and in fact, taken action on this health issue! Nice work!

· Another organization that provides opportunity for the public to take action is the  American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network. The core issues American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network is focused on are tobacco prevention, cancer research and health care access to name a few. Visit their take action page

· Also, in your text, there are lists of stakeholders (organizations/groups) in chapter 4 pp 74-75; 77 that may have a website in which you could choose to take action. Further, chapter 6-14 covers public health issues and many stakeholders are described in each (which may also have an associated web page you could view and select an action).

2)  Then, engage in an advocacy action (e.g. contact your elected officials, mail, email, call; write a letter to the editor) through their online advocacy site.

Then for the Primary post:

· In the first paragraph of your primary post, describe the organization you selected, the policy action they desire, and the action you took.Lastly, what public health issue/health problem does the policy action that you took address? Be as specific as you can, so someone else reading your post will understand the situation.

· In your second paragraph, you will apply what you have learned:

o Identify one health communication principle, (e.g., tailoring, key messages, target audience, channels, social marketing- 4 Ps)       OR

o One advocacy principle (e.g. problem definition, policy solution, stakeholders, branch of government, unintended consequences of the policy, how to amplify this action) that is being applied to this advocacy action.

o AND then, describe how the health communication/advocacy principle applies to the action you are being asked to take. Reference and cite your text and readings in APA format.

Sources: 

· You are required to use at least THREE sources from the textbook, government reports, peer-reviewed journal articles or textbooks. Use your OWN WORDS (e.g., do not cut and paste from a government report or article). 

·  Paraphrase (use your own words) to report the information.

· Include APA formatted in-text citations to identify your sources AND include full APA formatted references for your sources at the end of your post.

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