APA format 3 peer review references 1 page long
Geriatrics
Aging is a normal part of life and every person plays the course a little differently. As an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) it is important to understand the aging process and how each body system changes throughout that time. Older individuals process drug therapy differently and it is important to note the changes that may need to be made to their medication regimen as a patient gets older (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017, p. 73).
Older adults have numerous barriers that they need to overcome, such as multiple medications due to several medical problems. A lag in memory may lead to improper medication administration. Furthermore, a long list of medications could lead to adverse mediation reactions (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 73).
Cardiovascular Patients
When looking at the cardiovascular system you are considering the make-up of the vascular system and the heart muscle. The blood flow to each of the body’s organs is vital for its survival. Furthermore, medications you give for heart conditions can change the way the heart pumps, how fast it pumps, and how much pressure is within the heart. Each of these factors is extremely important as medications are dosed and determined.
Response to Drug Therapy
Older adults typically have a delayed response to gastric emptying, therefore, this will delay medication absorption. There is also a decreased amount of gastric secretions which will affect mediation absorption (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 74).
Older adults naturally have a lower amount of albumin, which is a protein that aids in mediation metabolism. For example, some medications, like propranolol, bind to protein sites. Propranolol is often given for high blood pressure, chest pain, or atrial fibrillation. When the patient takes up less binding sites, the medications takes up more sites and toxicity can occur in the patient. For a patient taking Propranolol, his or her blood pressure may drop more than needed is the dose isn’t adjusted with age (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 74).
A drop in lean body mass and an increase in total fat also often occur. This is important to note because some medications are absorbed better by lean body mass and the medication will stay in the elderly patient’s body longer because they don’t have much for lean body mass (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 74-75).
The liver metabolizes most of the drugs in the body. In the elderly patients, you see less blood flow and a smaller liver. Again, smaller medication dosages may be needed to prevent hepatic toxicity (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 75)
Drug excretion typically happens in the kidneys. Blood flow in the kidneys decreases after the age of 40, so it when giving medications you may have to leave more time between doses to ensure proper clearance (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 75).
Drug Therapy
When treating a medical condition like hypertension, the patient will often be prescribed two medications from different classes to fix the problem. This can be beneficial for the patient because less of each medication is being asked to be metabolized through the body. There is a smaller risk the patient will have toxicity of the drug (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 604).
Furthermore, there are disadvantages for patients taking multiple medications. For example, they are more likely to have a medication reaction. Polypharmacy is a probing problem for older adults, and it cause confusion for these individuals. By keeping there mediations regimen small, compliance is more likely to occur (Agbonjinmi, 2017).
Agbonjinmi, L. A. (2017). Polypharmacy: Inappropriate median use in elderly and its associated
effects. West African Journal Of Nursing, 28(1), 56-65.
Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V. & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.).
(2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.).
Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis,
MO: Mosby.
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/in Uncategorized /by developerAPA format 3 peer review references 1 page long
Geriatrics
Aging is a normal part of life and every person plays the course a little differently. As an advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) it is important to understand the aging process and how each body system changes throughout that time. Older individuals process drug therapy differently and it is important to note the changes that may need to be made to their medication regimen as a patient gets older (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017, p. 73).
Older adults have numerous barriers that they need to overcome, such as multiple medications due to several medical problems. A lag in memory may lead to improper medication administration. Furthermore, a long list of medications could lead to adverse mediation reactions (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 73).
Cardiovascular Patients
When looking at the cardiovascular system you are considering the make-up of the vascular system and the heart muscle. The blood flow to each of the body’s organs is vital for its survival. Furthermore, medications you give for heart conditions can change the way the heart pumps, how fast it pumps, and how much pressure is within the heart. Each of these factors is extremely important as medications are dosed and determined.
Response to Drug Therapy
Older adults typically have a delayed response to gastric emptying, therefore, this will delay medication absorption. There is also a decreased amount of gastric secretions which will affect mediation absorption (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 74).
Older adults naturally have a lower amount of albumin, which is a protein that aids in mediation metabolism. For example, some medications, like propranolol, bind to protein sites. Propranolol is often given for high blood pressure, chest pain, or atrial fibrillation. When the patient takes up less binding sites, the medications takes up more sites and toxicity can occur in the patient. For a patient taking Propranolol, his or her blood pressure may drop more than needed is the dose isn’t adjusted with age (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 74).
A drop in lean body mass and an increase in total fat also often occur. This is important to note because some medications are absorbed better by lean body mass and the medication will stay in the elderly patient’s body longer because they don’t have much for lean body mass (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 74-75).
The liver metabolizes most of the drugs in the body. In the elderly patients, you see less blood flow and a smaller liver. Again, smaller medication dosages may be needed to prevent hepatic toxicity (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 75)
Drug excretion typically happens in the kidneys. Blood flow in the kidneys decreases after the age of 40, so it when giving medications you may have to leave more time between doses to ensure proper clearance (Arcangelo et al., 2017, p. 75).
Drug Therapy
When treating a medical condition like hypertension, the patient will often be prescribed two medications from different classes to fix the problem. This can be beneficial for the patient because less of each medication is being asked to be metabolized through the body. There is a smaller risk the patient will have toxicity of the drug (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 604).
Furthermore, there are disadvantages for patients taking multiple medications. For example, they are more likely to have a medication reaction. Polypharmacy is a probing problem for older adults, and it cause confusion for these individuals. By keeping there mediations regimen small, compliance is more likely to occur (Agbonjinmi, 2017).
Agbonjinmi, L. A. (2017). Polypharmacy: Inappropriate median use in elderly and its associated
effects. West African Journal Of Nursing, 28(1), 56-65.
Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V. & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.).
(2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.).
Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis,
MO: Mosby.
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/in Uncategorized /by developerObjectives:
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/in Uncategorized /by developerHow has nursing practice evolved over time? Discuss the key leaders and historical events that have influenced the advancement of nursing, nursing education, and nursing roles that are now part of the contemporary nursing profession.
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/in Uncategorized /by developerDiscuss the difference between a nursing conceptual model and a nursing theory.
Select a nursing theory and provide a concise summary of it. Provide an example in nursing practice where the nursing theory you selected would be effective in managing patient care.
References:
Read Chapter 2 in Dynamics in Nursing: Art and Science of Professional Practice.
URL:https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/dynamics-in-nursing_art-and-science-of-professional-practice_1e.php
Read “Grand Canyon University College of Nursing and Health Care Professions Philosophy.
© 2018. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Grand Canyon University College of Nursing
and Health
Care Professions
Philosophy
In concert with the
mission of
the university, the College of Nursing and Health Care Professions
faculty affirms our
belief in educating nurses within a dedicated
and supportive community of
Christian nurse
scholars. The nursing programs
prepare graduates to
provide excellent,
holistic
care while
encouraging a
passion
for
achievement,
a lifelong
curiosity for knowledge, and
pursuit of advanced professional degrees.
The AACN
Essentials
of
Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice
guides the
curriculum for the
baccalaureate program.
The
AACN’s
The Essentials of Master’s Education
for Advanced
Nursing
Practice, Advanced
Nursing Practice: Curriculum Guidelines and
Program Standards
for Nurse Practitioner
Education
, NONPF and
AACN
Nursing Practitioner
Primary Care Competencies in Specialty Areas, NONPF Domains and Competencies
of
Nurse
Practitioner Practice,
and
NACNS
Statement on Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice and
Education
provide
structure for
the curriculum content of the master’s program. The College
of
Nursing and Health Care Professions curriculum is designed to
facilitate the students’
abilities to
creatively respond to continuously changing health
care systems throughout the world.
Educational experiences are planned
to meet
the needs of and to
empower
both
students
and
clients. Professionalism,
ethical decision
making, accountability, critical thinking, and
effective
communication are
emphasized. This is achieved
through the application of liberal arts
constructs, science, health
and
nursing theories,
and the values of
the Christian faith within the
scope of nursing knowledge and evidence-based practice.
Nursing practice promotes human
dignity through compassionate caring
for
all human beings, without consideration of their
gender, age, color, creed, lifestyle,
cultural
background, and
other
visible
or invisible boundaries
among students, faculty,
and clients.
The faculty of the
College
of Nursing and Health Care Professions is accountable for the
quality
of the educational programs and
for the promotion of
safe
and effective nursing through
teaching, service, and
collaboration with other professionals and consumers of care. The
following statements reflect the philosophical beliefs
of the faculty in
relation
to
the concepts of
health, environment, person, and
nursing:
HEALTH
Health is
the central focus of nursing. Health is a dynamic aspect of being that
incorporates
physical, emotional, intellectual,
spiritual, and
social dimensions.
ENVIRONMENT
All humans interact
with the physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and social
environments
in which they work, play, and live. The
nursing role is to help provide healthy
and
safe
environments so that
persons may live in optimal health.
PERSON
We believe that all people are accepted and loved unconditionally as children of God. In the
baccalaureate program, clients
are
considered to be
individuals,
families, groups, communities,
2
and populations.
In the
master’s program, clients include in
addition organizations/systems.
Human diversity is cherished. Spirituality is
conceived as
vertical
and horizontal relationships
with God and
humanity.
These relationships give
hope and meaning to life now and in the future.
NURSING
Baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles
of assessing, critical thinking,
communicating, providing
care, teaching, and leading. The
caring
professional
approach includes
the values of
autonomy, altruism, human dignity, integrity, and social justice with
unconditional
regard for all people. Nursing
practice
includes health promotion, disease prevention, early
detection of
health
deviations, prompt and adequate treatment of the human response to acute
and chronic illness, and compassionate care for
those experiencing death.
Master’s nursing practice expands
upon baccalaureate nursing concepts to
include
clinical
practice knowledge, coaching/mentoring/teaching, consulting/collaborating, advanced
leadership, and nursing education with a focus on research and quality assurance, critical
thinking, spirituality, diversity, caring, and lifelong
learning. The advanced professional nursing
role relies on best practices and evidence-based research with a focus on evaluation of health,
outcomes, and processes.
Nursing education is
theory driven.
Theories are derived from
the humanities, sciences, and
Biblical concepts. Nursing
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/in Uncategorized /by developerOutline the process for the development of nursing standards of practice for your state, including discussion of the entities involved in developing the standards of practice and how the standards of practice influence the nursing process for your areas of specialty.
Reference
Florida National Council Board of Nursing [ Florida NCSBN]. Practice Retrieved from https://www.ncsbn.com/practice
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/in Uncategorized /by developerOutline the concept of professional accountability as it pertains to nursing. Provide examples of how a nurse demonstrates professional accountability in clinical expertise, the nursing process, and evidence-based practice.
References
https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/dynamics-in-nursing_art-and-science-of-professional-practice_1e.php
Florida National Council Board of Nursing [ Florida NCSBN]. Practice Retrieved from https://www.ncsbn.com/practice
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/in Uncategorized /by developerOutline the process for the development of nursing standards of practice for your state, including discussion of the entities involved in developing the standards of practice and how the standards of practice influence the nursing process for your areas of specialty.
References:
Board of Nursing (Florida) because is my State
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/in Uncategorized /by developerDiscuss how professional nursing organizations support the field of nursing and how they advocate for nursing practice. Explain the value professional nursing organizations have in advocacy and activism related to patient care.
References:
https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/dynamics-in-nursing_art-and-science-of-professional-practice_1e.php
Review the Nurse Practice Act of your home state. A copy of the Nurse Practice Act should be available on the website of your state’s board of nursing or nursing regulatory body.
URL:https://www.ncsbn.org/npa.htm ( Florida is my state)
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/in Uncategorized /by developerDiscuss the importance of advocacy as it pertains to patient care. What is the nurse’s role in patient advocacy? Describe a situation in which you were involved with patient advocacy. Explain what the advocacy accomplished for the patient, and what the repercussions would have been if the patient would not have had an advocate.
References:
Explore the Advocacy page of the American Nurses Association (ANA) website.
URL:https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/
Explore the America Nurses Credentialing Center website. In particular, familiarize yourself with the resources describing standards of practice.
URL:http://www.nursecredentialing.org/
https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2018/dynamics-in-nursing_art-and-science-of-professional-practice_1e.php
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/in Uncategorized /by developerDefine critical thinking and evidence-based practice. Discuss what critical thinking in nursing practice entails and explain why it is important. Discuss the role of critical thinking and evidence-based practice as they relate to patient outcomes.
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