Module 2 – Case

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GROWTH AND VIABILITY

Case Assignment

In the Module 2 Case Assignment you will explore bacterial growth and methods used to measure and control the growth of microbes. After you have read the information on the Home page, answer the following questions:

1. Review the video on metabolism again from the Module Overview. Where is metabolism being accomplished in the human cell? Be specific and include a brief description of the organelle being described.  Does a human cell accomplish aerobic or anaerobic metabolism?
2. What does the video describe as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
3. Using the dichotomous key linked to the term identify, which organisms in the first frame of the video have been described in previous module materials?

Now choose a pathogenic bacterium to discuss and find the antibiotic that can be used to control it. Use this link to Antibiotic Modes of Action to learn more about how antibiotics work and to identify the appropriate antibiotic for your chosen pathogen.  Use the following format to write this section of your Case Assignment:

Introduction

Include the growth requirements and phenotypic characteristics of your pathogenic bacteria.  Refer to the dichotomous keys, growth patterns, and the CDC website to properly discuss these phenotypic descriptions of your pathogen.

Body Paragraph 1

Is this bacteria ONLY pathogenic or does it reside as a normal part of the Human Microbiome?  If it is also a nonpathogenic resident microbe, what conditions create the pathogenic state?  (We use the term “opportunistic pathogen” to describe this type of pathogen).

Body Paragraph 2

Describe the mode of action of the antibiotic class used to control this bacterium. Use the information you gathered from answering questions 1-3 about human cell metabolism to explain how antibiotics are specifically effective only against bacteria (while leaving human cells unharmed).

Conclusion

Summarize the topics you described and explain how the characteristics of your pathogen can be used to control it.

Assignment Expectations

Format

TUI encourages all students to comply with APA style and format guidelines for proper citation of references.  Use the formatting in your Background page as a model.

Scholarly Content                   

Your case assignments are considered scholarly works. Your final work should include peer reviewed (scholarly) sources.  Please use the formatting demonstrated in your Background section to cite the tutorials and readings from the Overview.

Please keep in mind that you should not use sources such as “Answers.com” or “Wikipedia” or “Wikianswers.”  None of these are scholarly sources and they can be “modified” by any registered user which makes them unreliable.

Appropriate Headings and Paper Flow

Remember that you are preparing a formal academic paper. Your paper should make use of appropriate headings and subheadings.  You should not cut and paste the questions posed and answer them like a “Question and Answer” session.  Your finished paper should read like an academic paper. Upload your final word document to the case assignment dropbox.

 

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In this assignment, students will review a microbial journal article.

Choose one article from a primary scientific literature source that uses a microbe as a model organism/system and write a comprehensive summary of the study that answers the following questions: (SSIs is the organism or system I choose) 

Choose one article from a primary scientific literature source that uses a microbe as a model organism/system.
NOTE: Many free articles may be obtained from http://www.pubmed.gov or visit the WCU library.

Write a summary of the study that includes:

1. Why did the scientists perform the study (i.e., description of background)?
2. What was the hypothesis (or hypotheses) under investigation?
3. What were the major results and did they support or negate the hypothesis? Which key techniques were used to achieve these results?
4. Why are the results significant and do they point to further/future studies? In other words, why does this article matter and what should or could be done next?
5. Why did you choose this particular article to review? Was it interesting, informative, clearly written, or none of the above?

Compose your review in APA format and include:

• A title page 
• Answers to the questions above in paragraph format (5 pages written) no cover page 
• A reference page with the reference for your article and any other sources used in your review.

 

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Answer Clinical Application Questions 1-3 for Chapter 15 on page 450. Answers should be submitted in a word document with any associated references used.

1) On July 8, a woman was given an antibiotic for presumptive sinusitis. However, her condition worsened, and she was unable to eat for 4 days because of severe pain and tightness for the jaw. On July 12, she was admitted to a hospital with severe facial spasms. She reported that on July 5, she had incurred a puncture wound at the base of her big toe; she cleaned the wound but did not seek medical attention. What caused her symptoms? Was her condition due to an infection or an intoxication? Can she transmit this condition to another person?

2) Explain whether each of the following examples is a food infection or intoxication. What is the probable etiological agent in each case? 

a) Eighty-two people who ate shrimp in Louisiana developed diarrhea, nausea, headache, and fever from 4 hours to 2 days after eating 

b) Two people in Vermont who ate barracuda caught in florida developed malaise, nausea, blurred vision, breathing difficulty, and numbness 3 to 6 hours after eating.

3) Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are normally more susceptible to infections. However, a patient receiving an anti tumor drug that inhibited cell division was resistant to salmonella. Provide a possible mechanism for the resistance.

 

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Answer critical Thinking question #2 for chapter 6 on page 180. Answers should be submitted in word document with any associated references used

1 E.Coli was incubated with aeration in a nutrient medium containing two carbon sources, and the following growth curve was made from this culture

A) Explain what happened at the time marked x

B) Which substrate provided “better” growth condition for the bacteria? How can you tell?

2  Assume that after washing your hands you leave ten bacterial cells on a new bar of soap. You then decided to do a plate count of a soap after it was left in soap dish for 24 hours. You dilute one gram of the soap 1:106 and plate it on heterotrophic plate count agar. After 24 hours of incubation, there are 168 colonies. How many bacterial were on the soap? How did they get there?

3) Heat lamps are commonly used to maintain food at about 50 degree C for as long as 12 hours in cafeteria serving lines . The following experiment was conducted to determine whether this practice poses a potential health hazard.

Beef cubes were surface-inoculated with 500,000 bacterial cells and incubated at 43-53degree C to establish temperature limits for bacterial growth. The following results were obtained from heterotrophic plate counts performed on beef cubes at 6 and 12 hours after incubation.

 

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Answer Critical Thinking Questions 1-3 for Chapter 18 on page 526 and Clinical Application Question 1-4 for Chapter 19 on page 557. Answers should be submitted in a word document with any associated references used. 

Answer Critical Thinking Questions 1-3 for Chapter 18 on page 526 and

1) What problem are associated with the use of live attenuated vaccines?

2) Many of the serological tests require a supply of antibodies against pathogens. For example, to test for Salmonella, anti-Salmonella antibodies are mixed with the unknown bacterium. How these antibodies obtained?

3) A test for antibodies against Treponema pallidum uses the antigen cardiolipin and patient’s serum (Suspected of having antibodies). Why do the antibodies react with cardiolipin? What is the disease? 

Clinical Application Question 1-4 for Chapter 19 on page 557

1) Fungal infections such as athlete’s foot are chronic. These fungi degrade skin Keratin but are not invasive and do not produce toxins. Why do you suppose that many of the symptoms of a fungal infection are due to hypersensitivity to the fungus?

2) After working in a mushroom farm for several months, a worker develops these hives, edema, and swelling lymph node

a) What do these symptoms indicate?

b) What mediators cause these symptoms?

c) How many sensitivities to a particular antigen be determined?

d) Other employees do not appear to have any immunological reactions. What could explain this?

(Hint: The allergen is conidiophores from molds growing in the mushroom farm)

3) Physicians administering live, attenuated mumps and measles vaccines prepared in chick embryos are instructed to have epinephrine available. Epinephrine will not treat these viral infections. What is the purpose of keeping this drug on hand?

4) A woman with blood type A+ once received a transfusion of AB+ blood. When she carried a type B+ fetus, the developed hemolytic disease of the newborn. Explain why this fetus developed this condition even though another type B+ fetus in a different type A+ mother was normal

 

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