Levels of Measurement

There are many different methods for analyzing quantitative data; each method is dependent on the type of data gathered as well as the research question being addressed. The first step in analyzing data is to determine what kind of data you have—the level of measurement. Determining the level of measurement is a method of classifying the variables within a research study. Classifying a variable into its appropriate level of measurement helps a researcher determine the most appropriate statistical analysis for those data and to interpret the data the variable generates.

In this Discussion, you identify independent and dependent variables in your research problem, which you identified in the Week 2 Discussion. You classify these variables into their appropriate levels of measurement and determine suitable ways of analyzing the data generated by each variable.

To prepare:

• Review the materials presented in Chapter 1 of      the Polit textbook. 
• Consider Dr. Pothoff’s comments in this week’s      media presentation on data analysis.
• Recall your research problem statement      developed for the Week 2 Discussion. Based on your problem statement,      develop a research question to address the problem.
• Ask yourself:

 

• Does the research question involve a       comparison of groups or the relationship of variables?
• How many independent variables do I have?       Dependent variables? What are they?
• Is the independent variable categorical or       continuous?
• Is the dependent variable categorical or       continuous?
• What might be the advantages, or       disadvantages, of each variable’s level of measurement?

By tomorrow Thursday 09/20/17, 8 am, write a minimum of 550 words essay in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list in the instructions area. Include the level one and two headings as numbered and lettered below:

Post a cohesive summary of the following: 

1) Post your research question. (formulate a research question based on “the nursing shortage” assignment u did for me last week – See attached file) it must be using “PICO”

a) Describe the independent and dependent variables

2) Identify the level of measurement of both the independent and dependent variables. 

b) Provide a brief rationale for your classification of each variable.

3) Discuss considerations of analyzing data related to each variable based on its level of measurement. 

c) Identify any advantages or challenges you might encounter in your statistical analysis of each variable.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Quantitative research: Data analysis. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.

In this week’s video, the presenter describes challenges to collecting and utilizing quantitative data and offers suggestions for assessing and improving data quality. The strategic use of quantitative data by health care organizations is also considered.

Introduction to SPSS”

Used by permission from SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of ConsumerRaters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA

Descriptive Statistics”

Used by permission from SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of ConsumerRaters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 12 minutes.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 11 minutes.

Top of Form

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

• Chapter      21, “Introduction to Statistical Analysis”

This chapter discusses the concepts of statistical analysis with regard to hypothesis testing. The chapter also identifies and defines common statistical terminology.

Polit, D. (2010). Statistics and data analysis for nursing research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

• Chapter      1, “Introduction to Data Analysis in an Evidence-Based Practice      Environment”

This chapter provides an introduction to quantitative and qualitative data in evidence-based practice. The chapter introduces levels of measurement and types of statistical analyses relevant to different types of research studies.

• Chapter      2, “Frequency Distributions: Tabulating and Displaying Data”

Chapter 2 discusses frequency distributions as well as the different methods of presenting data, especially when data are very extensive. The chapter includes information on the use of bar charts, pie charts, histograms, and frequency polygons.

• Chapter      3, “Central Tendency, Variability, and Relative Standing”

This chapter examines the many ways data distribution for a quantitative variable can be described through shape, central tendency, and variability.

Software

IBM SPSS Statistics Standard GradPack (current version). Available in Windows and Macintosh versions. Please refer to the IBM SPSS Software area in the Course Overview section on the left navigation bar for more information on how to install, register, and license this software.

Optional Resources

Bilheimer, L. T., & Klein, R. J. (2010). Data and measurement issues in the analysis of health disparities. Health Services Research, 45(5), 1489–1507. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01143.x

Granberg-Rademacker, J. S. (2010). An algorithm for converting ordinal scale measurement data to interval/ratio scale. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 70(1), 74–90.

 

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Describe three political actions nurses could take to strengthen their role in policymaking as it relates to advocacy for improving LGBTQ health. Correlate your discussion to the AACN MSN Essentials, identify one that most pertains to this topic and elaborate on your selection.

Attached below is additional information regarding providing adequate care for the LGBTQ community as outlined by Joint Commission and the CDC: 

Joint Commission & LGBTQ Community.pdf 

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health: https://www.cdc.gov/lgbthealth/

Minimum of 250 words, double space, word document,  and must include minimum of 2 scholarly resources published within the past 5-7 years. PLAGIARISM FREE

APA (6th)  .  Rule of thumb for all DQ responses is the 3-3 rule; 3 paragraphs minimum, 3 sentences per paragraph minimum. 

 

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Peer 1  

Nurses should see themselves as practitioners with the opportunity and obligation to impact current and future delivery systems of health care to be successful. The practice of nursing is based on human health science and caring psychology. This works from a context that holistically respects all people and aims to encourage and advance the health of people throughout their lives and throughout all levels of society (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health, n.d). 

A large number of the leading nursing associations encourage nurses to take part in the formulating of policies actively. For instance, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing underlines the job of nursing in strategy. It distinguishes, in its “Fundamentals” reports, the standard arrangement inclusion that ought to be tended to in instructive projects at the baccalaureate, master’s, and doctoral degrees of expert nursing. The National League for Nursing and the American Nurses Association additionally anticipate that medical caretakers should address the approach as a component of their expert job. Politically, nurses can play a significant role in influencing policies that influences the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals (LGBT) (Burke, 2016). They include individuals from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, yet society has treated them as lesser beings. Nurses can influence policymaking concerning these groups in the following ways. 

Lobbying political leaders; Through unique knowledge of their constituents ‘ needs, city and county officials have the power to implement policies and programs that protect LGBTQ people, improve community engagement, and open opportunities (Burke, 2016). Nursing leaders can, therefore, lobby political leaders to pass policies that favor LGBT. 

Involvement in campaign groups; Many of these LGBT individuals face discrimination due to current policies in place. Nurses can join in their campaign and together fight for their rights. Sometimes, demonstrations are the only voice that the government hears and responds to. 

Volunteer to engage in conferences or activities related to strategy. Prepare a fact sheet and help prepare a document to educate policymakers. Inform stakeholders regarding events that provide incentives for policymakers to tackle. 

Conclusively, there is a need for changes to be effected on policies relating to LGBT rights to ensure they feel safe in society. As such, nurses should politically intervene with members of LGBT. They have the potential to have a profound global impact on politics. Nevertheless, it is nurses ‘ ethical and professional duty to intervene in policies they deem to be affecting their patients, LGBT notwithstanding. 

Peer 2 

Health policies impact health care and the nursing profession. The involvement of nurses in the development of health policy guarantees the provision of safe, accessible, high-quality and affordable care (Shariff, 2014). Nurses also have a role in patient advocacy. To this effect, they need to routinely consider the health needs of the LGBTQ community to eliminate any disparities in care and to improve the overall health of the general public. 

One political action that nurses can take to strengthen their role in policy-making is to take up internship or fellowship positions with nursing organizations that sponsor policy workshops (Aram, Rafii, Cheraghi, & Ghiyasvandian, 2014). During such workshops, nurses may get the opportunity to learn about contemporary health issues such as the needs of the LGBTQ community. With knowledge, nurses would be better placed to develop policy acumen which is the capacity to analyze policies. With policy acumen, nurses can effectively analyze health care services and direct their organizations to respond appropriately to the health needs of LGBTQ people. The development of policy acumen would thus be critical to nurses’ participation in policy-making. 

Nurses should also recognize the need for power as a driver for achieving goals in policy-making. Power would enable nurses to influence others inherently. Another plausible political action by nurses, therefore, would be to seek avenues and opportunities for the maximization of power (Aram et al., 2014). This may be achieved by the acquisition of adequate knowledge about health care issues. As such, nurses should engage in collaborative work with members of the LGBTQ community to gain knowledge about salient issues regarding the people. Such knowledge would ensure that nurses speak from a point of authority during policy-making deliberations. 

Another aspect of policy influence is advocacy. One of the most important mandates for nurses is to advocate for the rights of their patients. Achieving optimal advocacy would require nurses to take active roles in the political processes of their country. Through such involvement, nurses would be able to execute their advocacy roles more effectively. As patient advocates, nurses should ensure that everything in the healthcare system is centered on the delivery of patient-centered care (Aram et al., 2014). By enhancing their advocacy skills and capacities, nurses may be better placed to push for the perceived gaps in the health care of LGBTQ people. AACN MSN Essentials recognizes the need for a nurse to be able to provide intervention at the system level through policy development and the application of advocacy strategies to impact care (AANC, 2011). This third political action, therefore, would be in line with the requirements of nursing educations. 

Create a relevant response post with a minimum of 150 words that addresses peers’ initial posts regarding the specified discussion topic.  A rule of thumb for all DQ responses is the 3-3 rule; 3 paragraphs minimum, 3 sentences per paragraph minimum. Word document, double space. APA (6ht) 

This the original work if you needed 

Describe three political actions nurses could take to strengthen their role in policymaking as it relates to advocacy for improving LGBTQ health. Correlate your discussion to the AACN MSN Essentials, identify one that most pertains to this topic and elaborate on your selection. 

Attached below is additional information regarding providing adequate care for the LGBTQ community as outlined by Joint Commission and the CDC:  

Joint Commission & LGBTQ Community.pdf  

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health: https://www.cdc.gov/lgbthealth/ 

 

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• As a healthcare administrator, you have been tasked with researching your hospital’s compliance in the proper reporting of both medical and non-medical errors made by the staff. Compare the relationship of hospital’s corporate liability with that of each employee’s vicarious liability in the event of an error. Discuss the essential steps that your organization can take to reduce occurrences in both. Provide at least two (2) examples of the successful application of such steps to support your rationale.
• Interpret the extent to which public reporting and value-based purchasing improve healthcare quality. Include a comparison of two to three (2-3) advantages to each reporting method. Support your response with two (2) examples of healthcare quality improvements that could have resulted from of an organization implementing each type of reporting method in question.

 

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